AACR2's Strategic Planand IFLA Work towards an International Cataloguing Code
Dr. Barbara B. TillettLibrary of Congress Representative to the Joint Steering
Committee for Revision of the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules
Presentation to theCommissione permanente per l’aggiornamento della
RICANovember 21, 2002
Rome, Italy
History of AACR
• Panizzi – British Museum – 91 rules (1841)• Cutter – Rules for a dictionary catalog (1876)• Paris Principles (1961)• AACR (1967)
– North American ed.
– British ed.
• ISBD (1969+)• AACR2 (1978)
• Basis of the majority of records in machine-readable form– Over 48 million in OCLC– Worldwide publication coverage
AACR Used Worldwide
LC Actions to Implement AACR Changes
• Implementation of the 2002 Revision effective December 1, 2002
• Distribution of updates– LCRIs for internal
consistency of rule application
– Cataloger’s Desktop
• Description– ISBD areas
• 1 title and statement of responsibility• 2 edition• 3 material specific details• 4 publication, distribution, etc.• 5 physical description• 6 series• 7 notes• 8 standard numbers and terms of
availability• Access
– Controlled vocabularies, syndetic structure of references– Classification, call numbers, standard numbers, barcodes– Direct links
Descriptive and Access Elements
Structure of the Rules Part I - Description
• Chapter 1 – General rules• Chapter 2-12 – Classes of material
• Books, Pamphlets, and Printed Sheets• Cartographic Materials• Manuscripts• Music• Sound Recordings• Motion Pictures and Videorecordings• Graphic Materials• Electronic Resources• Three-dimensional Artefacts and Realia• Microforms• Serials
• Chapter 13 - Analysis
Part II – Choice and Form of Access Points
• Chapter 21 – Choice of Access Points
• Chapter 22-25 – Headings– Persons– Geographic Names– Corporate Bodies– Uniform Titles
• Chapter 26 - References
JSC Meeting - Sept. 9-11, 2002York, England
• FRBR terminology– So rules will be more precise
• Format Variation Working Group– Expression-level citations– OPAC displays for collocation
• Work level• Expression level (versions, translations,
performances, etc.)• Manifestation level
JSC Meeting - Sept. 9-11, 2002York, England
• SMD (Special Material designators)
• Ch. 9 - Electronic Resources– Class of materials (computer files, software,
etc.) vs..– “Carrier” or “container” - “digital” as a type of
manifestation
• Area 8 Standard Numbers --> Area 7 Notes
Strategic Plan for AACR
• AACR is a multinational code for bibliographic description and access
• For all media• Developed for use in
English-language communities
• Independent of communication format
• Rules constantly evolve to meet changing needs
• Allow for different levels of description
• Assure consistency of practice for shared cataloguing
• Enable search precision through controlled forms of access points
Target 1 New edition (AACR3)
• 2005 (2007 or 2008?)• For Web-environment• Compatible with
international efforts• New Introductions
– Cataloging principles and concepts for description and access
• Authority control concepts
• FRBR terminology and concepts– Work, Expression,
Manifestation, Item
• Revise ambiguous and inconsistent terms– main entry, added entry,
entry
• Class of materials & GMD problems to be resolved
Objectives of the CatalogUser Tasks
• Find– Locate a single resource– Collocate all resources at various levels
• Gathering together all works of an author (by author’s name, title, subject, etc.)
• Identify• Select• Obtain• Navigate
Principles of Bibliographic Description and Access
• User convenience• Common usage• Representation• Accuracy• Sufficiency and necessity• Brevity and clarity• Standardization• Integration• Independent of format
Target 2 Outreach to other communities
• Build relationships with other groups– ISBD Review Group communications– Rule-making bodies worldwide
• Participation in key conferences and meetings:– IFLA meeting of experts (1st : Frankfurt, 2003)– Dublin Core, VRA, DOI, MARBI, etc.
• Publicize “Strategic Plan”– JSC Web site: http://www.nlc-bnc.ca/jsc/
Target 3 Add a Web-based version of rules
• Identify issues with AACR publishers in 2002-2003
• Resolve issues arising from advice and comments on requirements, functionality, etc.
• Co-publishers will conduct market research in 2003
FRBR Impact on Cataloging Rules
• Conceptual model of bibliographic universe• New vocabulary• Clarifies concepts• Renews focus on the objectives of a catalog
– Collocation of works and expressions
• Reinforces importance of controlled access– Relationships among bibliographic resources
and agents
Expression
Manifestation
Item
Work
Physical -recording ofcontent
Intellectual/artistic content
is realized through
is embodied in
is exemplified by
FRBR Entity Levels
Work:
Expression:
Manifestation:
The Novel
Orig.Text
Transl. CriticalEdition
Paper PDF HTML
The Movie
Orig.Version
FRBR Entity Levels
Work:
Expression:
Manifestation:
The Novel
Orig.Text
Transl. CriticalEdition
The Movie
Orig.Version
Paper PDF HTML
Item: Copy 1Autographed
Copy 2
Family of works
Applications
• OCLC Research (to be published)– ~20% of works have more than 1 manifestation
• Classics of literature vs. scientific studies• Examples in the OCLC database
– Shakespeare’s Hamlet• 1 work, 2696 manifestations
– Rowling, J.K. (Harry Potter stories)• 28 works, 300 manifestations
Collocation by Expressions
• Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet.– Books – Danish– Books – Dutch– Books – English– Books – French– Books – Spanish– Motion Pictures – English
Collocation by Expressions
• J.S. Bach’s Goldberg variations – Performances: Glen Gould (1981)– Scores
IFLA Work – International Cataloguing Code
• 1960’s meetings of experts– Paris 1961 Paris Principles (access)
• (International Conference on Cataloguing Principles)
– Copenhagen 1969 ISBDs (description)• (International Meeting of Cataloging Experts)
• Changes– Online/Web catalogs, machine-readable records– FRBR concepts (1998)– Electronic and future “carriers” for information
IFLA Activities
• IFLA Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloguing Code – 2003, Frankfurt (European codes)– 2004, Buenos Aires (Central America, South
America)– 2006, Seoul, Korea (Asian codes)
IFLA Meeting of Experts 2003
• Goals: increase ability to
share cataloguing worldwide
Promote content standards for bibliographic and authority records
• Objective:Get our codes closer
together– Examine European
cataloguing codes• Similarities
• Differences– Why different (cultural
variations?)
IFLA Meeting of Experts 2003
• Commissioned papers on Web– Discussion within
countries and shared globally (April-June 2003)
• Presentations and working groups in Frankfurt (July 2003)– Limited to 50-60 participants –
invitation only
• Focus topics:– Names of persons– Names of corporate bodies– Uniform titles / GMDs– Seriality / when to make a
new record– Multilevel cataloging of
multiple works in multiple volumes
– Paris Principles: main and added entries