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Pg 498
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Two Major Classifications
Neurotic Disorders
Distressing but one can still function in societyand act rationally.
Psychotic Disorders
Person loses contact with reality, experiencesdistorted perceptions.
John ayne !acy
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"nxiety Disorders
" group of conditionswhere the pri#arysy#pto#s are anxiety
or defences againstanxiety.
The patient fearsso#ething awful will happen to the#.
They are in a state ofintense apprehension,uneasiness, uncertainty,helplessness, or fear.
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!eneralised "nxiety Disorder
!"D "n anxiety disorder in which a
person is continuously tense,apprehensi$e and in a state of
autono#ic ner$ous syste# arousal.
The patient is constantly tenseand worried, feels inade%uate, iso$ersensiti$e, can&t concentrateand suffers fro# inso#nia.
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Phobias
" person experiences sudden episodesof intense dread.
Must be an irrational fear. Phobia 'ist
http://www.phobialist.com/#A-http://www.phobialist.com/#A-
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Agoraphobia
Fear of open spaces or of being in crowded, public
places like markets. Fear of leaving a safe place.
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Anglophobia
Fear of England or English culture, anthing pertaining
or coming from England.
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!ippopotomonstroses"uipedaliophobia
Fear of long words. https#$$
www.outube.com$watch%v&'()*F!+tcg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C-V6FHWYtcghttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C-V6FHWYtcghttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C-V6FHWYtcghttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C-V6FHWYtcg
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Panic Disorder
"n anxiety disorder #ar(ed by arelati$ely short episode of intensedread in which a personexperiences terror andacco#panying chest pain, cho(ing
and other frightening sensations.
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)bsessi$e*co#pulsi$e disorder
Persistent unwantedthoughts +obsessions causeso#eone to feel the need
+co#pulsion to engage in aparticular action.
)bsession about dirt andger#s #ay lead toco#pulsi$e hand washing.
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Post*trau#atic -tress Disorder
a.(.a. PT-D lashbac(s or
night#ares following aperson&s in$ol$e#ent in
or obser$ation of anextre#ely stressfule$ent.
Me#ories of the e$entcause anxiety.
-y#pto#s don&t appeari##ediately and #aylast for years.
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Acute -tress isorder
-imilar to P/- but
smptoms appear almost
immediatel or at most
within a month after thetraumatic event.
-mptoms onl last a few
das to a few weeks.
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Mood Disorders
/xperience extre#e or inappropriate e#otion. eeling sad when things are going well.
eeling elated for no reason.
Two categories0 depression and bipolar disorder.
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Major Depression
".1.". unipolar depression
2nhappy for at least two
wee(s with no apparentcause.
eelings of worthlessness,guilt, helplessness,hopelessness and great
sadness. Depression is the co##on
cold of psychologicaldisorders.
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-easonal "ffecti$e Disorder
/xperience depressionduring the winter#onths.
3ased not onte#perature, but ona#ount of sunlight.
Treated with lighttherapy.
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3ipolar Disorder
or#erly #anic depression.
4n$ol$es periods of depressionand #anic episodes.
Manic episodes in$ol$e feelingsof high energy +but they tendto differ a lot5so#e getconfident and so#e getirritable.
May experience hallucinations. /ngage in ris(y or i#pulsi$e
beha$iour during the #anicepisode.
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-o#atofor# and Dissociati$e
Disorders
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-o#atofor# Disorders
)ccur when a person#anifests apsychological proble#
through a physiologicalsy#pto#.
Two types55perhaps
0'(12 classifies
conversion disorder as a
dissociative disorder while -() classifies it
as a
somatoform disorder.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICD-10https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissociative_disorderhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissociative_disorderhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatoform_disorderhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatoform_disorderhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissociative_disorderhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissociative_disorderhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICD-10
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Con$ersion Disorder
6eport the existence ofse$ere physical proble#sor a loss of functioningwith no biological reason.
'i(e blindness or
paralysis. 0n conversion disorder,
our leg ma become
paral5ed after ou fall
from a horse, even though
ou weren6t phsicall
in7ured. 'onversiondisorder smptoms appear
with no underling phsical
cause and ou can6t control
them.
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Dissociati$e Disorders
These disorders in$ol$ea disruption in theconscious process.
D
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Dissociati$e "#nesia
or#erly Psychogenic"#nesia
" person cannotre#e#ber things withno physiological basisfor the disruption in#e#ory.
2sually the #e#ory
loss is due to atrau#atic e$ent.
Me#ory is li(ely toreturn just as suddenlyas it was lost.
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Dissociati$e ugue People with dissociati$e
a#nesia that relocatefro# their ho#e orwor( en$iron#ent.
)ften ta(es on a newidentity and appears
8nor#al9. hen the fugue period
ends, indi$idual has no#e#ory of the fuguestate.
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Dissociati$e 4dentity
Disorder 2sed to be (nown asMultiple PersonalityDisorder.
" person has se$eral
rather than oneintegrated personality.
People with D4Dco##only ha$e ahistory of childhoodabuse or trau#a.
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Depersonalisation Disorder
" detach#ent fro#one&s #ental processesor body.
" person feels li(e they
are watchingthe#sel$es fro# adistance.
Danger of self*har# asthe indi$idual #ay want
to 8test9 reality. 'i(e the other
dissociati$e disorders,it is usually due to atrau#atic e$ent.
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-chi:ophrenic Disorders
About 1 in ever 122 people are
diagnosed with schi5ophrenia.
-y#pto#s of -chi:ophrenia
;. Disorganised thin(ing.
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Disorganised Thin(ing
The thin(ing of aperson with-chi:ophrenia isfrag#ented and bi:arre
and distorted withfalse beliefs.
Disorganised thin(ingco#es fro# abrea(down in selecti$e
attention.* they cannotfilter out infor#ation.
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Delusions +false beliefs
Delusions ofPersecution
Delusions of Grandeur
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Disturbed Perceptions
Hallucinations* sensoryexperiences withoutsensory sti#ulation.
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Inappropriate Emotions and
Actions
'augh at inappropriateti#es.
lat /ffect.
-enseless, co#pulsi$eacts.
Catatonia* #otionless
axy lexibility +youcan #ould the#.
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Positive v. Negative Smptoms
Positive Smptoms• Presence of
inappropriate
Negative Smptoms• "bsence of
appropriate ones.
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Types of -chi:ophrenia
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Disorganised -chi:ophrenia
isorganised speech or
behaviour, or flat or
inappropriate emotion.
a neglect appearanceand hgiene.
a lose bladder and
bowel control.
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Paranoid -chi:ophrenia
Preoccupation withdelusions orhallucinations.
Delusions of grandeur,persecution or jealousy.
Just because you aren&tparanoid, doesn&t #ean>they& aren&t watching
you?
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Catatonic -chi:ophrenia
lat effect.
axy lexibility.
Parrot li(e repeating ofanother&s speech and#o$e#ents.
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2ndifferentiated
-chi:ophrenia
Many and $aried-y#pto#s.
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Personality Disorders
ell*established,#aladapti$e ways ofbeha$ing that
negati$ely affectpeople&s ability tofunction.
Do#inates theirpersonality.
;@ #ain different typesof personalitydisorders.
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"ntisocial Personality
Disorder
'ac( of e#pathy.
'ittle regard forother&s feelings.
Aiew the world ashostile and loo( out forthe#sel$es.
Constantly $iolating therights of others.
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Dependent Personality
Disorder 6ely too #uch on the
attention and help ofothers.
"fraid to be alone,constantly see(ingothers.
ailure to ta(e controlof their life and #a(e
decisionsindependently.
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7istrionic Personality
Disorder
Needs to be the centerof attention.
hether acting silly ordressing pro$ocati$ely.
)$erly e#otional.
Difficulty dealing with
failure, often bla#esothers.
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Narcissistic Personality
Disorder 7a$ing an unwarranted
sense of self*i#portance.
Thin(ing that you arethe center of theuni$erse.
-imilar to megalomania.
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)bsessi$e BCo#pulsi$e
Personality Disorder
)$erly concerned withcertain thoughts andperfor#ing certainbeha$iours.
Not as extre#e as )CD
anxiety.
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)ther Disorders
Paraphilias B abnor#alsexual desires+paedophilia, :oophilia,
hybristophilia etishis#
-adist, Masochist
/ating Disorders
-ubstance usedisorders
"D7D
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Psychoanalytic Therapy
Psychoanalysis +#anifest and latentcontent through5. hypnosis freeassociation, drea#, interpretation.
2nconscious
Transference
)ther therapies will result insmptom substitution.
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7u#anistic Therapy Client"Centered #$erap
by Carl 6ogers
These are non"directivet$erapies and use activelistening.
-elf*actuali:ation, free*will and unconditionalpositi$e regard.
Gestalt #$erap by rit:Perls encourage clients toget in touch with wholeself.
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3eha$ioral Therapies
Counterconditioning
Classical Conditioning
;. "$ersi$e Conditioning
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Cogniti$e Therapy
Change the way we $iewthe world +change oursche#as
"aron 3ec( "lbert /llis and
6ational /#oti$eTherapy
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-o#atic Therapies
Psychophar#acology
"ntipsychotics+thora:ine, haldol
"nti*anxiety +$aliu#,
barbiturates, anax Mood Disorders
+serotonin reupta(einhibitors
3ipolar +lithiu#
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-o#atic Therapy
/lectrocon$ulsi$eTherapy +/CT* fordepression.
Psychosurgury;. Prefontal loboto#y
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!roup Therapy