"THE EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION AND PRACTISES OF
WCM" with special reference to Harihar Polyfibres
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION AND DESIGN
2. GRASIM INDUSTRIES LIMITED - A PROFILE
3. WORLD CLASS MANUFACTURING
4. WORLD CLASS MANUFACTURING
METHODOLOGY
5. WCM MODEL
6. IMPLEMENTATION OF WCM IN HARIHAR
POLYFIBRES
7 SURVEY ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS,
SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSION
8 FINDINGS AND SUGGESTIONS AND
CONCLUSION
ANNEXURE
Questionnaire
1
Bibliography
2
CHAPTER – 1
INTRODUCTION AND DESIGN
INTRODUCTION
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY
LIMITATIONS
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
CHAPTER SCHEME
3
INTRODUCTION
When it comes to providing well-built product the
company's strength lies in its people. They represent a
vast fund of knowledge, experience and creative ideas
resources that meet or create demand in the market.
MEANING OF WCM (World Class Manufacturing)
WCM is an insight into the concept of equipment
ownership, maintenance, visual management and how
these help one in gaining knowledge about the
equipments he is handling, using and operating,
maintaining etc.
WCM helps in reducing or eliminate abnormalities
wastes and looses by knowing the tools and techniques
and by identifying them.
4
WCM is defined as "the process of ultimately
gaining the common goal and achievements of the
company by knowing appropriate ways to keep the
environment in the best possible way to get the best out
of the best plants".
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
Since the study is an attempt to examine the
present status of WCM program by critically analyzing
the concept of WCM it forms a link between what has
been established and what is being implemented. The
scope of the study is limited only to the management,
staff and workers of Harihar Polyfibres. This study
provides a theoretical framework to understand the
basic concepts of WCM.
Since the study, is an attempt to examine the
5
present status of WCM function by critically analyzing
some of the WCM practices in the unit it forms a link
between what has been established.
The study has taken into account to assess those
efforts that have been taken by Harihar Polyfibre to
achieve WCM standards.
The review of WCM climate seeks to click the
perception of the people and hence reflects their
feelings and attitudes towards the WCM program. This'
may be used to set right the weakness and capitalize on
strength.
The analysis and objective feedback can in turn
lead to fruitful action plans to further strengthen the
WCM efforts in the organizations.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
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1. To study and understand the concept of world-class
manufacturing.
2. To study the implementation of WCM in HPF.
3. To study overall effectiveness of WCM and impact of
WCM practices towards changing the mindset,
culture and passion of employees.
4. To study the communication and training through the
WCM practices
5. To highlight the importance of WCM in the context
process industry.
6. To identify the reason for increasing emphasis on
WCM.
METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY
The study is based on survey technique. The study
consists of analysis about WCM at HARIHAR
POLYFIBRES. For the purpose of the study 18 employees
were selected, their views were selected, and their views
7
were solicited on different parameters.
The methodology adapted includes,
Questionnaire
Random samples survey of employees
Discussion with the concerned employees
Personal interviews and informal discussions were
held with some
Employees to ascertain the impact practices of WCM
in the unit.
LIMITATIONS
The study is limited only to Harihar Polyfibres
division only. The other unit [grasilene] could not be
covered due to time constraint. The sample size was
constrained by the time available for the study.
WCM is a vast concept and a relatively new one. It
8
varies from organization to organization and so it is not
possible to include each aspect.
9
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
There is no field of management that will not
benefit from systematic and purposeful research. The
field of WCM is in great need of systematic knowledge
and sound principles. This is a new area, which has come
to this country after being successfully implemented in
western manufacturing units or sectors.
A separate entity is needed within an organization
in order to align the people towards a common goal that
is unified with the cooperation strategy unless
employees ask new questions they shall not get different
results only the companies that are high on performance
as well as practice can become world class. This is where
WCM cell appears. There is no end to improvement and
here WCM is the next step towards manufacturing
excellence.
WCM program represents a unified theory
compromising principles, methods, tools and system
10
that are applicable to all the manufacturing units. It
enables the chief executive officers [CEO's] to induce
new thinking in the employees at all levels.
Many of the organization in order to fulfill their
objectives have instituted various systems and
programs. While constitution and implementation of
systems and program is important, it is also necessary to
critically examine whether these mechanisms are
actually fulfilling objectives.
CHAPTER SCHEME
CHAPTER 1 Introduction and Design of Study.
CHAPTER 2 Grasim Industries Limited - A Profile
CHAPTER 3 World Class Manufacturing.
CHAPTER 4 WCM Methodology
CHAPTER 5 WCM Model
CHAPTER 6 Implementation of WCM in Harihar Polyfibres
Division of Grasim Industries Limited. Kumarpatnam.
CHAPTER 7 Survey Analysis and Findings, Suggestions
11
and Conclusion
CHAPTER - 2
GRASIM INDUSTRIES LIMITED - A PROFILE
HISTORY
OTHER UNITS OF GRASIM INDUSTRIES LIMITED
ORGANASATIONAL OBJECTIVES
SOCIAL OBJECTIVES
ECONOMIC OBJECTIVES
AWARDS AND ACHIEVEMENTS
12
HISTORY
HARIHAR POL YFIBRES, a unit of GRASIM
INDUSTRIES L TO, is situated on the bank of river
Tungabhadra at Kumarpatnam near Harihar in Karnataka
state. The unit was established in the year 1972 with
indigenous expertise, engineering and technology to
manufacturing rayon grade pulp. Today Harihar
Polyfibres is one of the largest rayon grade pulp
manufacturers in India.
Grasim Industries Ltd; Kumarpatnam, a member of
Aditya Birla Group was incorporated on August
25,1947 in state Madhya Bharat exactly 10 days after
the country got independence over these years, the
company has leading industrial conglomerate and is at
present ranked amongst ten largest companies in Indian
private sector in terms, turnover and profits.
13
Grasim is highly focused Industrial conglomerates
addressing the country's need for clothing, housing and
construction. Having fifteen division spread allover the
country, Grasim has nine joint ventures also, out of
which four are in India and five abroad. At Harihar,
Grasim has two divisions namely,
HARIHAR POL YFIBRES (PULP DIVISION)
GRASILENE DIVISION (FIBER DIVISION)
Harihar Polyfibres started in 1972 with a
production Rayon Grade Pulp.
Grasiline is a small unit started in the year 1977
with a modest production level of 12 tons per day of
Viscose Staple Fiber [VSF] now it has increased to 200
tons per day of Viscose Staple Fiber [VSF].
Grasim is the dominant VSF manufacturing with
about 62% market share in India. Viscose Staple Fiber is
14
one of the most versatile textile industries. VSF is the
closest man-made substitute for cotton. Due to its
durability and cluster, its valuable property of moisture
absorbency makes it ideal for any topical country like
India.
Demand for the versatile fiber has increased
steadily over the year, largely because of its inherently
superior characteristics as well as for the advantages of
economy.
Grasim the group flagship companies headed by
son of late Mr. Aditya Vikram Birla Shri.
Kumaramangalam Birla. Birla is the largest manufacturer
of VSF in the world. Grasim is a part of the Aditya Birla
Group, which includes its foreign interest, is the largest
industrial group of India. This multinational
conglomerate headed by Shri. Kumaramangalam. Birla
include nearly 25 companies. These are located in India,
15
Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia and Egypt and operate in a
wide range of product fields.
The Aditya Birla Group is India's second largest
business industry with a turnover of RS.220 billion.
A asset base of over Rs. 1.68 billion.
A premier conglomerate of India's leading co's including
Grasim, Hindal co, India Rayon and Indo Gulf.
Leadership position in key business with strong
competitive edge.
OTHER UNITS OF GRASIM INDUSTRIES LlMITED
Stapler Fiber Division Nagada.
Chemical Division Nagada.
Engineering and Development Division, Nagada.
Weaving Division Gwalior.
Bhiwani Textiles Bhiwani.
Cement Division Jawad (MP).
Vikram Ispat (sponge iron) Raigarh (Maharastra).
16
Cement Division Raipur.
Pulp Division, Mavoor-Calicut.
Birla Software Consultancy, Bombay.
Birla International Marketing, Delhi.
ORGANASATIONAL OBJECTIVES
The term organization refers to any group of
people, working physically together to achieve a
common objectives. For a group to be termed as
organization it has to fulfill two important conditions,
Quantitative criteria
Qualitative criteria
Quantitative specifies that the number of persons
should be minimum two and qualitative specifies that
the objectives to be achieved should be common and
clearly understood by all groups and they should be
geared to work towards that.
17
Any organization whether small or big, whether
domestic life or commercial enterprise has to achieve
two types of objectives, namely social objectives and
economic objectives.
SOCIAL OBJECTIVES
Social objectives refer to the reputation and image;
the organization has got in the society. This can be
termed as the people factor. These can be satisfied
through the full satisfaction of the customers, suppliers,
employees, neighboring society and government.
Customer except a quality product at a price
affordable and a high level of reliability of delivery
schedule of the organization. To maintain a steady
growth in the business through the association of
suppliers with the organization.
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There must be continuous development through
training development in their career and image in the
society by working in the organization.
It should be pollution free atmosphere with
improved facilities, welfare measures etc to keep the
neighborhood clean and tidy.
By satisfying the social needs the organization can
build a positive image in the location where it is
functioning.
ECONOMIC OBJECTIVES
Economic objective refer to the financial status of
the organization in its effective working. This can be
termed as productivity factor. The returns in terms of
profits for the investments decide the economic stability
of the organization, which is in the control of the
management.
19
For the basic survival and subsequent continuous
growth of the organization, making a good profit
becomes an important need. Even for meeting many of
the social obligations, the organization requires financial
stability.
By proper blending of the social and economic
objectives, the organization must maintain a good
health, which becomes very important need for its
survival and growth continuously. The growth of the
employees lies in the growth of the organization in which
they are working.
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AWARDS AND ACHIEVEMENTS
Year Awards and Achievements
1995Award for outstanding contribution in the field of
labors relations by IMC, Mumbai.
1998
Certificate conferred on the unit of implementing
Environmental Management system [EMS] in
accordance with ISO 14001 standards by RU L TUV,
Germany.
2000The Aditya Birla Group Award for the Manufacturing
Excellence [Bronze Medal].
2001
Certificate conferred on the unit of implementing
Quality Manufacturing System in accordance with[150
900/2000 revised standards by RUL TUV, Germany
2001 A certificate for obtaining ISO 9001 certification.
2001
Certificate conferred on the unit of implementing
Health and Safety Management System [OHSMS] in
with OHSAS: 18001 standards by RULlUN, Germany
2002
Environment Protection case study ranked 2nd out of
88 aspirants as national level by TERI and published
in financial express of 4th April 2002.
21
2002
Greentech Gold Award for outstanding achievement
in the field of industrial safety by Greentech
foundation, New Delhi
2002The Aditya Birla Group Gold Award for Manufacturing
Excellence and competitive advantage.
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CHAPTER - 3
WORLD CLASS MANUFACTURING
INTRODUCTION
Group Vision of Grasim
Group Mission of Grasim
Objectives of WCM
WCM Policy
WCM goals
23
INTRODUCTION
World Class Manufacturing, a relatively new
concept especially in the India Industrial scenario has
become the mantra for the survival in the Industrial
sector today. The unprecedented uncertainly
accompanied with a dizzying rate of changes have
paved way to the concept of the World Class
Manufacturing.
What really is WCM?
WCM is a concept of manufacturing in which
products conforming to the World-Class standards are
manufactured at the last possible costs. In other words,
WCM is a unique strategy for enterprise excellence
through focus on manufacturing.
Thus, WCM is an acceptable way of managing
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business to gain competitive advantage thereby
ensuring long-term success meeting the needs of· the
customers, employees, financial and other stakeholders
and the community at the large.
All these definitions reveal that WCM is a long-term
structured approach which is cyclical [plan, do, check,
act-PDCA] comprehensive and systemic and which
involves cultural transformation of the people, process
and results on a continuous basis leading to
organizational change. Better management processes
and results on a continuous basis leading to
organizational change. Better management processes
and organizational learning.
WCM strives for zero loss culture coupled with high
standards of quality and productivity. It is basically a
team based management system relying on the,
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"Art of manufacturing for consistent excellence"
"Group Vision of Grasim"
"To establish ourselves as the first choice of all
stakeholders (as the first choice of all) including
customers and employees in this board less world"
"Group Mission of Grasim"
To raise the standards of our QCDIP performance to
the world class levels"
Objectives of WCM
WCM concept was developed to gain competitive
advantage in changing and uncertain world of rapid
technological advancement. The major objectives that
the organization would pursue under the shade of WCM
concept are:
Improve the bottom line of the company.
26
Building high performance teams.
Create a congenial workplace and develop a sense of
ownership.
Develop highly skilled, motivated, self-reliant
workforce through effective training and re-training.
Achieve zero breakdowns, zero losses and zero
defects through continuous focused improvement.
Ensure a clean work environment free from accidents
and pollution.
WCM Policy
To achieve utmost satisfaction of our customers
and other stakeholders through sustained excellence in
all our activities at GRASIM, KUMARPATNAM BY
IMPLEMENTING World Class Manufacturing program to
deliver.
Zero defects.
27
Zero losses.
Zero breakdowns
Zero pollution.
Zero accidents.
WCM goals
Build high performing teams.
Create a congenial work place and develop a sense
of ownership.
Develop highly skilled, motivated and self-reliant
workforce through effective training and retraining.
Achieve zero breakdowns, zero losses and zero
defects through continuous focused improvement.
Ensure a clean work environment free of accidents and
pollution.
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CHAPTER - 4
WORLD CLASS MANUFACTURING METHODOLOGY
Form the teams
Equip the teams
Visual Competition amongst the teams
Pillars of WCM
29
Introduction
Whether you are establishing a new business or
transforming the existing business into a new one, it
requires certain procedures or methodology to be
followed. Implementation of WCM also follows a specific
methodology to make the organization competitive for
facing the challenges of tomorrow and for achieving the
results. WCM methodology is based on the principles of
Olympics. It broadly comprises of three steps:
Form the teams
Equip the teams and
Visual competition amongst the teams
Step One: Form the teams:
The whole business is divided into small
overlapping, cross-functional, multi skilled, self-
30
competing high performance teams covering all
employees. These operating teams assume ownership of
their QCDIP performance, the teams focus on the eight
dimensions of WCM. For specific major improvements
project teams are also formed, consisting of specialist
from different functions, depending on the need.
Step Two: Equip the teams:
The teams are equipped with mindset and skills in
using all the arms and ammunition of WCM. They are
also trained on the rules of the game in the form of
values and mindset for excellence. Specialized inputs
are also provided through workshop such as JIT, SPC, PM
analysis and other advanced problem solving
techniques.
Step Three: Visual Competition amongst the
teams
To inspire and bring the best out of the well-
31
equipped team's competition is necessary. The third
step is creating visual competition amongst the teams
for improving the QCDIP score. WCM strives for 100%
rating for each team by their customers external as well
as internal. The factory is first divided into zones with a
zone leader assuming the ownership and responsibility
of that area. The employees in zones are divided into
teams of 5 to 20 members; each with a team leader.
Each team is assigned ownership of a specific area with
in the zone.
All the employees are included in over lapping
structure and all the areas are covered in this process. A
two-day conference cum workshop is organized to
expose all the employees to the concepts and practices
of WCM and to establish a common language. These
educational programs equip all the employees with the
required concepts, tool and techniques for implementing
WCM systems.
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In the final step, the teams become self-motivated,
all round quality focused and customer driven and
complete with one another with the killer instinct to
inspire performance.
Benefits through WCM
The entire concept of WCM, adopted on a
sustainable basis can do wonders for the organization.
An organization can encompass the WCM program to
promote excellence in manufacturing as a means of
delighting its customers, employees and other
stakeholders on a sustainable basis.
These transformation programs shall lead to be
culture, which is:Based on minimum resource
requirements, be it equipment space or people.
33
Prudent when it comes to spending money
including buying or hireling external services.
Highly productive with efficiency levels comparable
to the world standards.
Devoid of waste in any form.
Geared towards achieving "zero breakdowns, zero
losses, zero defects and zero accidents".
Market driven - always exceeding customer
expectations. Innovative in terms of products and
processes.
The pride of its employees and vendors.
Pillars of WCM
"The WCM approach is not a program it is the art of
34
managing through teams and achieving transformation
whenever needed".
Team based management systems are effective,
teams take the ownership of the process and give the
best out of them when they are inspired and through
competition. Each team thus attempts and tries to excel
in terms of quality and quantity cost, delivery,
innovations and intellectual capital, productivity.
This is an ideal work environment including
equipment condition and operating process, which is
free from abnormalities.
Thus, the entire concept of WCM can be
implemented through teams broadly classified as:-
The enablers are those who promote exceptional
performance from the people and the process by
35
performing the following functions. Establish vision,
mission, policies and strategies.
Facilitate and environment conductive for learning
and innovation. Encourage breakthrough
improvements.
Inspire superior all round sustainable performance.
Processes: people and process involve in the key
manufacturing focused areas.
The process is the means by which the organization
harnesses and releases the talent of people to
produce sustainable superior results.
Success: - which are measured through the results of
external and internal satisfaction, social satisfaction
and business results.
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37
CHAPTER - 5
WCM MODEL
Eight Dimensions of WCM
38
WCM MODEL
The eight dimension of WCM are, Waste elimination
Work environment
JIT and stock reductions
Equipment effectiveness / total productive maintenance.
Customer delight - internal and external
Quality first: SQM and best practices.
Liaison and understanding
Information systems, technology and cash flow.
1. Waste Elimination
Waste is any element of the manufacturing process
that adds cost without adding value to the product.
Waste not only costs money, it also extends the lead-
time for building the product and delivering it to the
customers. It also keeps the company from doing more
productive thing with its resources. Wastage is a factor
eating the profits of any organization and contributing to
39
environmental pollution.
The competitiveness of an organization depends on
its ability identify and weed out wasteful practices from
across the business as "All the non value adding are
waste". Waste / muda are usually found during.
The time of excess production :- Excess production occur
when companies create products or WIP for which they
don't currently have orders, resulting in wastage of
additional space, payment of wastages for un needed
work, incurring more material handling cost.
In waiting: - Resources remaining idle while waiting for
instructions, tools, materials, power etc. is a waste and
must be avoided.
"Inventory is an evil":- inventory is an accumulation of
products, WIP or materials at any stage of process.
40
Waste in inventory is often a huge source of waste in the
organization. It ties up people, equipment, materials and
energy that could be used for productive work.
In conveyance: - means delay in moving components or
products in process from one place to another or even
people from one place to another, to get things done.
Most operations involve series of delays. Plant layout
may make long distance transportation necessary; they
may result in multiple handling of parts. This can be over
overcome by substantially simplifying the process layout
by eliminating many stages in process as possible.
In motion: - every motion, which is unnecessary means
lost time. The successful approach is to try to eliminate
the need for movement in first place. In work place,
considerable wastage in motion can be eliminated by
organizing the tools, materials etc.
41
In defects: - defects and processing are unnecessary
and expensive. Defects also result in delay somewhere
in the system and create new waste through rework.
Elimination of defects through reliability of strengthens
the process suppliers, materials, operation; equipment
may be practiced for substantial reduction in defects.
Muda also exists in communication, procedure,
unnecessary Processing, untidiness, timing, bottlenecks
etc.
Waste is non-value adding activity so it becomes
very essential to pursue a war-like approach to identify
and eliminate waste. Thus following implementation
work is undertaken:
Formation of sub committee.
Training workshop is conduced.
Replication of workshop for all employees.
Identification of types, of waste in respective work areas
42
and elimination through structured system.
Benefits through waste elimination
Savings in resources such as people, machine
hour's space, materials. Savings in energy, water, power
etc.
Elimination of unnecessary paper work / duplicate
process. Reduction in inventory, rework, reprocessing
and rejections. Reduction in searching / waiting.
Key performance indicators
Percentage of waste identified / eliminated.
Savings achieved through waste elimination
2. Work environment
Work environment / 5s stands for good house
keeping concept which is the basis for continuous
improvement vital for organization effectiveness. As
43
good hose keeping and work place organization are
directly linked to achieve displace in manufacturing
there should be perfect co-ordination between these
activities. Good house keeping and work place
organization results in better compliances to schedules,
fewer machine breakdowns, and low defect rates and
promote exposure of problem areas. Besides a clean and
healthy work place, it inspires people to give their best
and fills them with pride. 5s aims at establishing an
environment, which is,
Eliminates wastes
Promotes wastes
Ensures quality
Is self-sustaining
Improves effectiveness
Prevent breakdowns
Improves safety
Makes an employee feel proud of his work place.
44
A step-by-step systematic approach of 5s can be
employed for a clean and healthy working environment
on a sustainable basis. The principles of 5s are as
follows:
1s Seri (sorting):- this step distinguishes necessary
and unnecessary items and elimates the unnecessary
ones in a systematic procedure / manner.
2s seiton (arrangement):- step determines the type
of storage system and lay required for easy accessibility
and retrieval of the necessary items. The mantra of this
step is "A place for everything and everything in its
place". Usage of item coding and location coding along
with visual controls makes it highly effective.
3s sieiso (cleaning):- eliminate dirt, dust and other
foreign matter through periodic cleaning of work place. It
prevents accidents and unexpected failure of equipment.
45
4s seikestn (standardization) :- creating of systems
and standards covering the entire organization so that
the neatness / cleaning is continuously maintained
extensive visual controls form integral part of this step
for exposing abnormalities.
5s shitsuke (discipline):- ensures that everyone
practices 5s religiously. This emphasis on creating a
work place with good habits and self-discipline.
The 5s principles are implemented in the
organization by:
Formation of sub committee.
Training workshop conducted.
Replication of workshop for all employees.
Audits carried out-self-audit and top management
audit.
Competition amongst various teams / zones.
46
Reorganization and rewards.
Benefits
Workers Organization
Work effectiveness Increased production
efficiency
Vital working atmosphere Reduced unnecessary
stock
Cheerful/good mood Low production cost
Safe environment More space and storage
area obtained
Higher work efficiency pride Confidence and recognition
Key performance indicators
Savings in team's space.
5s index.
Monetary savings.
3. Just in time and stock reductions:
[supply chain management! lean manufacturing / agile
manufacturing / quick response manufacturing].
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In today's competitive world, companies no more
compete based on their product / process or excellence
in anyone function but based on the supply chain
strength. The ability to respond with speed requires on
organization to be flexible, adaptable, devoid of
bottlenecks, simple systems and continuous focus on
eliminating non-value added activities. JIT producing
desires variety by keeping costs low quality high and
lead-time minimal.
JIT is an approach of management where there is
focus on creating a reliable and responsive supplier -
customer relationship throughout the supply chain. JIT
idea is simple, produce and delivers finished goods just
in time to be sold, sub assemblies and purchase
materials just in time to be transformed into fabricated
parts. JIT focuses on eliminating wastage, enhancing
quality and cutting down scrape, a streamlined plant
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operations that raises process yield, a production line
balancing approach and employee involvement and
motivated mechanism, JIT approach means challenge
the following :-
Set up time
Batch size
Process cycle time
Planning system
Material handling and
All existing practices.
Through time is an important indication of
manufacturing
Effectiveness and organizational responsiveness. JIT
approach focuses on "time compression" to help in
achieving throughout time reduction. The real goal can
only be achieved when JIT is working throughout the
length of the entire supply chain.
49
Some key activities required for effective
implementation of JIT are,
Manufacturing cycle time: - the non-value adding
activities significantly add to the cycle time. Identifying
and elimination of all the non-value adding activities
should reduce production and delivery lead-time. the
ideal cycle time consists entirely of value added
activities. Application of process mapping is to identify
areas that do not add value but add time, cot and evolve
action plans to eliminate them.
Single minute exchange of die / quick change over
lame: - lots production often means large inventories
and all the problems, wastes and costs associated with
them. JIT manufacturing requires of process items in
small lots. To produce economically in smaller lots, time
required for change over must be reduced. The SMED
approach gives a three stage for shortening set up time.
50
These three stages are -
Separate internal set-up from external set-up.
Convert internal set-up to external set-up. Streamline all
aspects of set-up.
Enhancing supplier's reliability:- the focus is on
rationalization of suppliers to concentrate on developing
partnership relationship with them. Mutual co-operation
and technical assistance to suppliers helping converting
them to reliable suppliers who can then be as good as
co-makers systems for vendor rating and feed back give
the transparency required to build relationships with the
suppliers.
Delivery management: - an integrated delivery
planning and scheduling system, which links customer
requirements, is necessary for the organization to be
able to deliver without building up unnecessary
inventory across the supply chain. Synchronized
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manufacturing based on theory of constraints is
advanced production-scheduling technique, which focus
on through put maximization. An effective deliver
management system works on the pull system
throughout the supply chain. The pull system means
everywhere production is in response to the actual
demands from customer and not anticipated demands.
Improving material flow: by optimizing the layout
most manufacturing process contain so much waste that
JIT can't work until improvements are made process
improvements to eliminate waste often include changes
in the layout. Positioning manufacturing equipment
closely together in the order of the processing steps
reduces waste and improves the flow in several ways
placing the machines for each step; side-by-side
eliminates much of the waste of conveying work-in-
progress long distance.
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Improving material handling system: - while
designing the material handling system it should be kept
in mind that the shortest distance between two points is
a straight line and at the same time, it should be
ensured that there is no re-handling of materials, parts
etc and warehousing is optimum.
Inventory reduction: - a selective analysis of major
items would help arriving at the minimum levels. A time
bound plan is necessary for decreasing the inventory
level in the organization. As reliability increases, it may
be leveraged by operating with lesser inventories.
The implementation program of J IT is carried on
by:-
Formation of sub committee.
Training workshop is conducted.
Project teams are formed for various projects
identified.
53
Carryout process mapping for critical processes in
manufacturing and outside and arrive at cycle time.
Identify non-value adding activities and plan
actions for elimination with targets for time
compression.
Plan and implement supplier rationalization project
(reduce average number of supplier / item).
Identify items / suppliers for JIT purchase and
implementation.
Evolve time based inventory reduction program and
implementation. Install appropriate production
scheduling system that integrates customer
requirements with manufacturing and procurement.
Benefits:-
Shortens the production lead-time giving earlier
return on investment. Promotes continuous
54
improvements.
Multi-selling of employees.
Reliable and improved supplier's management.
Reduction in space required and material handling.
Faster customer deliveries.
Reduced work-in-progress and defects.
Reduced rejections in incoming supplies and
inventories.
Key indicators:-
Inventory turnover.
Reduction in response time.
Number of suppliers and supplier rejects.
Reduction in material handling, inventories and
space required.
4. Equipment effectiveness / total productive
maintenance:-
In typical industrial scenario, there are instances of
55
equipment breakdowns, minor -stoppages, lengthy set-
up and adjustment times, generation of defects etc.
these in turn result in delayed shipment, missed
production schedules and customer complaints. By
treating machines as partners and taking responsibility
from them, we get machines we can rely on and help
maintain an energized and responsive work place. This is
done through collaboration between maintenance and
production introducing the concept of self-maintenance
and operations together on a common platform to
maximize overall equipment effectiveness [DEE]. For
achieving zero breakdowns and zero losses, it is very
important to practice SM. Through SM, the intelligence
and skills of the people who are most familiar with
factory machines equipment operators are enlisted and
through SM operators learn to value their machines as
production partners, keeping them operating smoothly
help in making the work trouble free and satisfying. The
principles of ownership is driving force behind SM. Self-
56
maintenance brings maintenance and operations
together on a common platform to maximize overall
equipment effectiveness [DEE]. For achieving zero
breakdowns and zero losses, it is very important to
practice SM. Through SM the intelligence and skills of the
people who are most familiar with factory machines.
Equipment operators are listening and through SM
operators learn to value their machines as production
partners; keeping them operating smoothly helps in
making the work trouble free and satisfying. The
principle of ownership is driving force behind SM.
Benefits of SM:-
Enhanced overall equipment effectiveness.
Sense of ownership.
Early detection of abnormalities.
High work efficiency and effectiveness.
Extended life of equipment.
Low cost of production and increased production
57
efficiency.
Safe environment and reduction in hard to access.
Skill up gradation / multi-skill of operators.
Key indicators:
Number of accidents.
Overall equipment effectiveness
Number of breakdowns.
Quantity of lubricant consumption.
5. Customer delight - internal and external:-
The existence and survival of any business
organization depends greatly on its customers. In the
techno times of today when the whole world has
reduced to a global village, it is imperative for any
organization to continuously improve its products and
services to satisfy the global customers. Customers
today have become very demanding and highly aware of
quality. Therefore, it is required to continuously measure
58
and improve the customer satisfaction to the levels of
customer delight and ecstasy. Internal customer
satisfaction, delight, and a prerequisite to external
customer delight as one cannot deliver quality to its
external customer until and unless it's internal customer
are willing and capable of delivering the quality. The key
aspects of focus are:
Understanding the customer perceptions and
expectations about the company and competition.
Timely response to all customers.
Proper market assessment
Application of internal customer concept.
Integration of production plan with customer
delivery plans.
An overall strategy for competitive advantage and
total involvement of all employees for implementation.
Benefits:-
59
Reduction in customer complaints.
Enhances market share and organizational image.
Development of new markets I segments.
Satisfied employees and delighted customers.
Zero customer loss.
Reduction in response time.
Key indicators:-
Internal and external customer satisfaction index.
Number of customer complaints.
Complaint handling time.
6. Quality first: - Strategic Quality management
[SQM]:-
Quality is no more viewed as the measure of
conformity of products to a given specifications. It has
been expanded to encompass every sphere of the
organization and gives new opportunity for achieving
business excellence. Thus, quality now has assumed
60
strategic proportions and SQM has become an essential
dimension.
SQM is the process of establishment long-range
quality goals and defining the approach to achieve them.
SQM is a road map to ensure that customer
requirements are fully understood and met, thus
attaining customer satisfaction.
Organization pursing SQM through for approach:-
Evolve Quality integrated manufacturing strategy: - the
strategy provides for identifying process requiring to be
strengthened and technique for building total quality in
organization.
Implement Quality systems such as ISO and their
periodic appraisal: -
Establish systems and procedures to comply with
recognized standards such as ISO 9000 QS 9000 and
61
seek certification.
Create company pride awareness of total Quality: -
employee involvement and awareness towards total
quality and customer orientation is essential.
Create company wide awareness of total Quality and
customer orientation: - employee involvement and
awareness towards total quality and customer
orientation is essential. Appropriate forums / programs
to be set in place to communicate the same, including
feedback systems and measure to resolve issues
pertaining to internal as well as external customers.
Promotes production process control by:-
Identify all the critical process, tasks, key process
inputs and outputs variables and their relationship.
Process capability measurement and analysis.
Wide application to statistical techniques and tools
62
in both manufacturing and non-manufacturing.
Promote usage of basic problem solving tools and
PM analysis to eliminate chronic defects [QUDIP - Quality
and Quantity, cost delivery innovations and intellectual
capital, productivity and pride].
Application of bench marking:-
It is an important process incorporation of best
practice in the organization. These practices are
identified through bench marking studies done across
the industries both in the domestic and international
markets it prevents complacency by setting in motion
the process of continuous improvement bench marking
can be in following areas:
Product bench marking.
Functional/process benchmarking.
Strategic benchmarking.
Best practices benchmarking.
Implementation of quality function deployment
63
beginning with customer interactions their requirements
are understood and translate into engineering,
manufacturing and service requirements.
Assets cost of Quality: - the cost of quality is assessed
systematically and it leveraged for identifying
improvements leading to reduction in the areas of
appraisal and failure costs.
Quality function deployment process is utilized to
understood and translate the voice of customer into
manufacturing process service related requirements.
Process mapping, identification of critical to quality
characteristics, key process input / output variable,
installing appropriate measurement systems application
of statistical tools and techniques as appropriate are all
involved in the implementations of projects.
64
Benefits: -
Improvements in the bottom line.
Hidden capacity is realized.
Reduction in defects, customer returns and
complaints.
Enhanced customer delight and yield.
Reduction cost of quality.
Achievement of benchmark targets.
8. Liaison and understanding:-
Liaison is the co-ordination or communication
between two entities for mutual benefit.
In the highly competitive environment of cost
through global area today, it is imperative for an
organization to walk hand in hand with its stakeholders
for its existence and growth. The new mantra today is
that of "partnership" with all stakeholders relationships
with the suppliers, customers, employers, community
65
can turn around, weak organization into a strong one
and at the same time provides, and much needed
competitive edge. Equipping these teams with all around
multi-skills would go along with in making the
organization more flexible and adaptable to the
constantly changing customer needs.
Approach-liaison:-
The approach would involve communication,
exchange visits, collaborative projects, knowledge
sharing etc; social interaction also plays a definite role in
improving the relation of the company with its
stakeholders.
Teamwork / team building:-
Teams are mini enterprise inside the organization
responsible for getting the work done and for delighting
it's customers interface as well as external due to team
work :-
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A great variety of complex problems can be tackled
beyond the capability of one individual and one function.
Problems are exposed to greater degree of
diversified knowledge, skill and experience.
Quality of decisions in a team and better than
individual divisions. Cross-functional problems are
easily solved through teams.
A healthy, conductive and productive work culture
is formed.
Skill development:-
The (improving) importance and urgency of training
for skill development arises due to,
Multi-skills required in increasing global
competition. Rapidly changing technological milieu of
industry.
67
Increased employees involvement required for
solving major issues. Employees are assessed for their
skills and their individuals
Skill and competency mapping is done systematic
training programs both on the job and in classroom
training are arranged to build the skills and to faster
multiple skills.
Training evaluation is done to see the effectiveness
of training.
Benefits:-
Builds mutual trust and promotes transparency.
Liaisons with the stakeholders help organization
through various improvements leading to mutual
benefits.
Facilitates exchange of knowledge.
Team orientation speeds up progress and synergy
harness the knowledge and potential to a great extent.
68
Employee satisfaction and enhanced due to
multiple skills.
Positive societal perception about the organization
leads to a stronger organization in the emerging socio-
economic scenario.
8. Information systems. technology and cash
flow:-
Information system: - Flow of information plays a
key role for taking various decisions in the best interest
of the organization. The entire organizational systems,
infrastructure are woven around information, be it day-
to-day management or long-term planning. Information
is like oxygen for breathing. An organization depends on
its stakeholders each one of who have their information
needs.
Organization requires systems to manage the
various processes. The systems have to be effective,
69
flexible, quick and easy to understand and perform and
devoid of longest procedures systems perspective in an
organization is essential for achieving performance
excellence. The systems provide overall alignment of the
entire organization with it is the whole business as well
as its functions effectively to achieve overall
performance. Information without systems to analyze
and improve is not supported with the right information
at the right time organizations have collapsed due to
inadequate information. The IT has made gathering,
processing and providing information easier and online,
organizations have therefore leveraged IT for enhancing
their MIS process controls and strengthening their
systems.
Technology:-
The world has witnessed rapid change in the
technology in the recent years. While one has been
talking about technological obsolescence for long the
70
real meaning is drawing now. While certain fields such
as computers, telecommunication, entertainment,
electronics, and medical fields have shown for more
changes, all other industries and businesses have been
influenced considerably.
The recent emergence of internet has suddenly
made the entire business revolve against new strategies.
Remote processing has become a reality virtual
organization, team's office, committees have become
reality. Technology has spared no field. Automation is
seen everywhere, be it machinery or simple banking
operation.
In protected economies, organizations enjoyed
certain amount of shield from technological
obsolescence. In the global economy, such protections
are no more available; one has to compete with world
class organizations that have leading edge technologies
71
in all parts of the business mighty organizations have
collapsed simply Because they did not keep pace with
technology even in organizations. Where new technology
has been introduced poor or slow absorption has caused
collapsed. Implementing new technology always met
with resistance from management because of high
investment, from employees because of retrenchment or
simply a resistance to change.
72
CHAPTER – 6
IMPLEMENTATION OF WCM IN HARIHAR
POLYFIBRES
CORPORATE GUIDELINES
GOALS OF THE TRAINING PROGRAM
IMMEDIATE OBJECTIVE OF WCM PROGRAM
WCM at HPF
FUTURE FRONTIER
73
IMPLEMENTATION OF WCM IN HARIHAR
POLYFIBRES
DIVISION OF GRASIM INDUSTRIES LTD.
KUMARPATNAM
" The world class manufacturers always go after the
next class of customer by making the product attractive
in one more way".
CORPORATE GUIDELINES:
The corporate head office of the Aditya Birla group
in Bombay has formulated a set of guidelines,
procedures, tools and techniques under the world class
manufacturing training program initiated by it. These
have been formulated in such a way that they are best
suited for implementation among the group companies.
The WCM training program encompasses the intent
and elements of the initiatives that are currently being
74
implemented by successful global players worldwide,
under the label, total product maintenance, total quality
maintenance, or total quality control, business /
organization, management, process re-engineering,
good manufacturing practices, quality circles, learning
organization, ISO 9000/14000 etc.
GOALS OF THE TRAINING PROGRAM:
WCM training program by the Aditya Birla Group is
designed to improve and motivate healthy competitive
environment with the group units and prepare them for
tomorrows competitive challenges from global buyers.
Ensure the elimination of non-value adding activities
And wastage. It also puts in place a program for
continuous improvement through combination of best of
Japanese, American and European practices.
Stimulate and assist organizations to participate in
Improvement activities towards achieving total
75
quality by compliance to best practices in quality
management systems.
Ensure an approach that covers all areas, all
employees at all
Levels for quality in products, process and result
leading to stockholder’s satisfaction.
Achieve zero breakdowns, zero losses, zero defects,
and zero Accidents and zero pollution.
Develop a culture, which is market driven, always
exceeding customer satisfaction.
Immediate objective of WCM program:
The above
Mentioned goals can be achieved only by changing
the mindset of the employees. They are the people who
need to motivate by installing in them an urge to give
their best plants to the organization.
Hence, every employee should;
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Understand the best standards in different areas of
work place.
Be committed to implementing such standards to
be at the work place. Instantly notice deviation from
standards.
Reject deviations from standards; also know as
abnormalities.
Likes to establish the "root cause" of non-
conformance to standards. Be keen to eliminate the
source of deviation at the root.
Take pride in resorting and maintaining the original
standards. Innovative improvements on original
standards.
Care for the customer "external and internal".
Refuse to accept non-value-adding activities.
People work on process and the people wish the
above mindset created a positive impact on quality, cost
and delivery (QCD) triangle. Improves quality reduce
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cost and on time delivery.
WCM at HPF:
WCM cell was constituted at Harihar Polyfibers in
July 1997 with three full time members in secretariat.
The members are all qualifies engineers. It is a
stipulated norm that all the members of the WCM
secretariat have to be engineers.
Together the trios have initiated a WCM program,
which is well suited to a process industry like Harihar
Polyfibres, Ku marpatnam.
Harihar polyfibres consists of around 1600
employees. Achieving world class manufacturing
standards takes time and it is a gradual phenomenon. At
HPF, the install phase consists of creating awareness
among the employees about the need for such a
program conducting the WCM conference cum
78
workshops creates this awareness.
WCM conference cum workshops are held for
establishing common WCM language and identifying
abnormalities in the plant involving all employees
present in the conference.
Future Frontier:-
Thereafter in a meeting with his executives,
managers and officers, Sri S.S.Maru said "The Gold
Award was the result of total, collective and dedicated
effort on part of each and every employee"- and that
was saying it all - and at the same time he reminded
"now it is time for us to prepare ourselves to challenge
the Platinum Award during 2004" and that is - working
together for a better, bright and prosperous further, at
Harihar Polyfibres and Grasiline, at Harihar, as always.
79
CHAPTER – 7
SURVEY ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS
AND CONCLUSION
80
SURVEY ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
Review of WCM program at Harihar Polyfibres
division:-
The review of WCM Elimate seeks to elicit the
perceptions of the people and have reflects their feeling
and attitudes towards the WCM program. This may be
used to set right the weakness and capitalize on the
strengths.
In order to know the reactions of the management,
staff and the workers towards the WCM program
questionnaire survey with selected individuals was done
during the study.
The result obtained on the questionnaire survey is
given below-
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SURVEY ANALYSIS
7.7 Table showing effective implementation and
practices of WCM :
Here the researcher tries to find out weather the
WCM implementation and practices are effective
Strongly Agree Disagree Strongly TotalAgree disagree
8 6 4 0 1844% 33% 23% 0% 100%
INTERPRETATION:
From the above table it can analyzed that 44% of
the respondents strongly agree, 33% employees agree,
22% disagree and 0% strongly disagree that the
effective implementation and practices of WCM in
HARIHAR POLYFIBRES.
82
Graph showing effective implementation and
practices of WCM
83
7.7 WCM policy, goals and objectives
Here the researcher tries to find out weather the
WCM policy, goals and objectives are well know to all
employees.
Strongly Agree Disagree Strongly TotalAgree disagree
11 7 0 0 1861% 39% 0% 0% 100%
INTERPRETATION:
From the above observation, we can analyze that
61 % strongly agree and 39% agree that WCM policy,
goals and objectives that are displayed are know to
employees.
84
Graph showing WCM policy, goals and objectives
85
7.7 Roles and responsibilities as team members
Here the researcher tries to find out weather roles
and responsibilities as a team members.
Strongly Agree Disagree Strongly TotalAgree disagree
7 10 1 0 1839% 55% 6% 0% 100%
INTERPRETATION:
From the above table .it can be analyzed that 39%
strongly agree, 55% agree and 60% disagree that roles
and responsibilities as team members are inspired to
work in teams.
86
Graph showing Roles and responsibilities as team
members
87
7.7 WCM approach applies to every industrial
activity
Here the researcher tries to find out weather WCM
approach applies to every industrial activity.
Strongly Ag ree Disagree Strongly TotalAgree disaaree
9 9 0 0 1850% 50% 0% 0% 100%
INTERPRETATION:
On the analysis of above obtained data, 50% agree
to the point and 50% strongly agree that WCM approach
applies to every industrial activity.
88
Graph showing WCM approach applies to every
industrial activity
89
7.7 Kaizen is being implemented in day-to-day
working
Here the researcher tries to find out weather Kaizen
is being implemented in day-to-day working.
Strongly Agree Disagree Strongly TotalAgree disagree
7 10 0 1 1839% 56% 0 5% 100%
INTERPRETATION:
From the analysis of the above data it can be
interpreted that 39% strongly agree, 56% agree and
50/0 strongly disagree that kaizen is being implemented
in day-to-day working.
90
Graph showing Kaizen is being implemented in
day-to-day working
91
7.6 Communication system prevailed in the
organization
Here the researcher tries to find out the
communication system prevalent in the organization.
Communic
ation
Communic
ation
Communic
ation
Communic
ation
100% 80% 60% 40% Total1 12 5 0 18
50% 67% 28% 0 100%
INTERPRETATION:
On the observation of above table and data it is
clear that majority of respondents i.e. 67% supported to
80%, 28% of employees supported to 100% that
communication system prevalent in the organization.
92
Graph showing Communication system prevailed
in the organization
93
7.7 Adequate opportunities to enhance my skills
through training
Here the researcher tries to find out that adequate
opportunity to enhance my skills through training.
Strongly Agree Disagree Strongly TotalAgree disagree
4 14 0 0 1822% 78% 0 0 100%
INTERPRETATION:
From the above data 22% of employees strongly
agree and 780/0 of employees agree that unit gives
them adequate opportunities to enhance my skills
through training.
94
Graph showing Adequate opportunities to
enhance my skills through training
95
7.8 WCM helps to achieve six-sigma level in all
activities
Here the researcher tries to find out that WCM
helps to achieve six sigma level in all activities.
Strongly Agree Disagree Strongly TotalAgree disagree
6 11 0 1 18330/0 61% 0% 6% 100%
INTERPRETATION:
From the observation of above data, it can be
analyzed that, 33% of employees strongly agree, 61 %
of employees agree and rest 60/0 of employees strongly
disagree.
96
Graph showing WCM helps to achieve six-sigma
level in all activities
97
7.9 WCM has helped in achieving:
Here the researcher tries to find out that WCM has
helped in achieving.
System and standardization 13 72%
Cleanliness 9 50%
Reduction in accidents 7 39%
Reduction in down time of equipment 633%
Reduction in customer complaints 844%
Reduction in pollution levels 5 28%
INTERPRETATION:
On the observation of above table and data 72% of
employees agree that WCM helped in achieving system
and standardization, 50% of employees cleanliness, 39%
of employees reduction in accidents, 33% of employees
agree that reduction in down time of equipment, 44% of
employees agree that reduction in customer complaints
and 28% reduction in pollution levels.
98
CHAPTER – 8
FINDINGS AND SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSION
SURVEY FINDINGS
SUGGESTIONS
CONCLUSION
99
FINDINGS AND SUGGESTIONS
SURVEY FINDINGS:
The study consists of analysis about WCM AT HARI
HAR POL YFIBRES. For this purpose of the study of 18
employees were selected and their views are solicited on
different parameters.
1. Out of 18 employees, 8 employees strongly agree, 6
agree and 4 disagree that Effective Implementation
And practices Of WCM.
(Table - 1)
2. Out of 18 employees, 11 employees strongly agree, 7
agree that WCM Policy, Goals and Objectives that are
displayed are known to me.
(Table - 2)
3. 7 employees strongly agree, 10 agree, 1 disagree that
Roles And Responsibility AS team Members.
100
(Table - 3)
4. 9 employees strongly agree, 9 agree that WCM
approach applies. To Every Industrial Activity.
(Table - 4)
5. 7 employees strongly agree, 10 agree, 1 strongly
disagree that the Kaizen Is Being Implemented In Day-
To-Day working.
(Table - 5)
6. 1 employee supported to 100%, 12 employee
supported to 80%, 5 employees supported to 60%
that Communication System Prevalent in the
Organization.
(Table - 6)
7. 4 employee strongly agreed and 14 employee agree
to the point that Adequate Opportunities To
Enhance My Skill through
Training.
(Table - 7)
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8. 6 employees strongly agree, 11 of employees agree
and 1 employee strongly disagree that WCM Helps in
Achieving SixSigma Level in All Activities.
(Table - 8)
9. I have analyzed the WCM, which has helped in
achieving System and Standardization, Cleanliness,
Reduction in down Time Equipment, Reduction in
Customer Complaints and Reduction in Pollution
Levels.
SUGGESTIONS
1. Employee exchange program between sister concern
should be increased so that the experiences, views
and ideas of people involved can be shared.
2. WCM auditing should be done by an independent and
recognized agency and at regular intervals to improve
its authenticity and effectiveness.
102
3. WCM training programs should be geared to support
the corporate objectives.
4. It is not necessary that the techniques that worked in
one plant have to work in another. Therefore, it is
different method of training program be formulated
such that it~ suits the industry.
5. Workers participation should be welcomed by the
management concerning WCM training program.
6. The existing forms of WCM teams should take various
alternatives of elimination abnormality and select the
best-suited one.
CONCLUSION
The information collected regarding WCM is
effectively implemented by organizing teams and
different committees are formed for effective practices
and control over the teams, which is organized. Thus,
through the effective implementation they already
103
achieved "Gold Award for WCM in 2002" and
compared to past they are able to better and striving for
the best. They are still striving for excellence in
standardization by implementing six-sigma approach
and they are preparing plans for introducing six-sigma
approach in production.
104
ANNEXURE
Questionnaire
Bibliography
105
QUESTIONNAIRE
Dear Sir,
I am a final B.B.M. student from SAHYADRY ARTS &
COMMERCE COLLEGE SHIMOGA. As a partial
requirement of B.B.M. course. I am doing a project on
"THE EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION AND PRACTISES OF
WCM" with special reference to Harihar Polyfibres.
Hence, I request you to fill the following questionnaire.
The information given by you will be used only for my
academic purpose and will be kept confidential.
Thanking you,
Yours sincerely,
(SUDHANVA B.S GOWDA)
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Profile of respondents
Name :
Age :
Department :
Designation :
Experience :
1. Is WCM is effective implementation and practiced at
HPF?
Strongly Agree [ ]
Agree [ ]
Disagree [ ]
Strongly disagree [ ]
2. WCM policy, goals and objectives which are displayed
are know to me
Strongly Agree [ ]
Agree [ ]
107
Disagree [ ]
Strongly disagree [ ]
3. Roles and responsibilities as team members will be
inspired him to work in teams:
Strongly Agree [ ]
Agree [ ]
Disagree [ ]
Strongly disagree [ ]
4. WCM approach applies to every industrial activity:
Strongly Agree [ ]
Agree [ ]
Disagree [ ]
Strongly disagree [ ]
5. Kaizen is being implemented in day to day working:
Strongly Agree [ ]
Agree [ ]
Disagree [ ]
Strongly disagree [ ]
108
6. Communication system prevalent in the Organization
and is effective to the extent of _
Strongly Agree [ ]
Agree [ ]
Disagree [ ]
Strongly disagree [ ]
7. Unit gives me adequate opportunities to enhance my
skills through training:
Strongly Agree [ ]
Agree [ ]
Disagree [ ]
Strongly disagree [ ]
8. Approach of WCM helps to achieve six-sigma level in
all activity:
Strongly Agree [ ]
Agree [ ]
Disagree [ ]
Strongly disagree [ ]
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9. WCM has helped in achieving
System and standardization [ ]
Cleanliness [ ]
Reduction of accidents [ ]
Reduction in downtime of equipments [ ]
Reduction in customer complaints [ ]
Reduction in pollution levels [ ]
110
Bibliography
Word class manufacturing: The Next Decade
- Richard J Schonberger.
Word class manufacturing: The lession of simplicity
applied
- Richard J Schonberger.
Publisher
Harpercollins
Tyndale house
Website : www.adityabirla.com
111