Imperative ClausesIn Reported Speech
(Indirect Speech)
By :
Imroati Istibsyaroh A.R. (120210401031)
Emyl Rizka Fariza (120210401035)
Imperative
• Imperative sentence is a sentence which expresses command, request, advice, or suggestion.
• For examples :
Open the door.
Please help me.
Do not smoke.
Quoted vs. Reported Imperatives
1. QUOTED IMPERATIVE
A quoted imperative begins with a
main clause including the speaker and (mostly)
the introductory verb say, and it is followed by
a comma and the exact words of the quote,
enclosed in quotation marks.
Main Clause Imperative
The doctor said, “Get some rest”
The doctor said, “Don’t smoke”
The doctor said, “Call me immediately”
IntroductoryVerb
The quoted speech may also be placed
before the main clause, for example :
Main Clause Imperative
The doctor said.“Get some rest”,
The doctor said.“Don’t smoke”,
The doctor said.“Call me immediately”,
2. REPORTED IMPERATIVE
A reported imperative usually
includes introductory verb in the main
clause, and it is followed by the content of
the quote expressed as a that-clause or an
infinitival clause.
Main Clause Reported Speech
The doctor said
The doctor told me
The doctor said
IntroductoryVerb
(that) I should get some rest.to get some rest.
to stop smokingnot to smoke
to call him immediatelynot to delay
That-clause
Infinitival Clause
verb object infinitive
verb infinitive
verb (that) verb gerundverb object preposition
gerund
verb preposition
gerund
adviseencourage
inviteremindwarnforbid
agreedecideoffer
promiserefuse
threaten
admitagreedecidedeny
explaininsist
promiserecommend
suggest
denyrecommend
suggest
accuseblame
congratulate
apologizeinsist
Examples: Jack
encouraged me to look for
a new job. They invited
all their friends to attend the
presentation.
Examples: She offered to give him a lift to work. My
brother refused to
take no for an answer.
Examples: Tom admitted (that) he had tried to leave
early. She agreed (that) we needed to
reconsider our plans.
Examples: He denied
having anything to do with her. Ken
suggested studying early
in the morning.
Examples: They accused
the boys of cheating on the exam.
She blamed her husband for missing the train.
Examples: He
apologized for being late.
She insisted on doing the washing up.
3. When transforming quoted speech into reported speech, check whether you have to change:
1. Pronouns
2. Place and time expressions
3. Tenses
4. Verb
Affirmative Imperative
1. Change “Said to” into any one of these words as suitable Introductory Verb such as: Ordered, Commanded, Advised, Requested, etc.
2. If you use “TO”, the verb of the direct speech is changed into the infinitive form: to bring, to write
3. Do not use the conjunction word THAT, if you have used TO.
Examples :
1. I said to my brother, “Go away”
I told my brother to go away.
2. He said to his sister, “Tell the truth.”
He advised his sister to tell the truth.
3. He said to me, “please help me”
He requested me to help him.
4. Jimmy said, “Let us enjoy ourselves for an hour first”
Jimmy proposed that we should enjoy ourselves for an hour first.
Negative Imperative
1. Change “Said to” into any one of these words as suitable Introductory Verb such as: Ordered, Commanded, Advised, Requested, etc.
2. If you use TO, the verb of the direct speech is changed into the infinitive form: to bring, to write,etc.
3. Do not use the conjunction word THAT, if you have used TO.
4. In the negative sentences, NOT is put before the Infinitive: Not to speak, not to walk or you can use suitable Introduc-tory Verb such as: Forbade, but the Reported Speech form is positive.
Examples :
1. Doctor said to me, “Do not smoke”
Doctor said to me not to smoke.
2. She said, “Don’t tell a lie, Aslam”
She forbade Aslam to tell a lie.
She advised Aslam not to tell a lie.
THANK YOU