All you need to know aboutresolutions, PAR, FAR, etc..
Gilad Barkan
SD ? HD ? What is all about?
SD– QCIF– CIF– 4CIF
HD– 720p– 1080p– 480p– 352p– ….
Don’t be confused! HD does not imply bigger than SD!– 352p (HD: 624x352) < 4CIF (SD: 704x576)
4 : 3
16 : 9
FAR = Frame Aspect Ratio
SD ? HD ? What is all about?
SD
– CIF4 : 3
352
288
3
4
288
352
SD ? HD ? What is all about?
SD
– CIF
3
4
9
11
288
352
4 : 3
352
288
SD ? HD ? What is all about?
SD
– CIF
9
11
288
352
PAR = Pixel Aspect Ratio
3
4
11
12
9
11
4 : 3
352
288
Pixel Aspect Ratio = Pixel’s Geometry
SD: PAR = 12:11
1112
100
100
A 100x100 pixels square = A physical 120x110 square
Pixel Aspect Ratio = Pixel’s Geometry
HD : PAR = 1:1
1
1
100
100
A 100x100 pixels square = A physical 100x100 square
The magic formula
FARPAR H
W
9
16
1
1
720
1280
3
4
11
12
288
352CIF 720p
Without PAR handling
Exercise No. 1
Help ?
?
SD HD
A. B. C. D.
Without PAR handling
Exercise No. 1 - Solution
4 .3
6
4 .3
6
SD HD
With PAR handling
Exercise No. 2
A. B. C.
SD HD
?
With PAR handling
Exercise No. 2
SD HD
So how do we convert between them?
352
288
1280
720
SD (4:3) HD (16:9)
5.2288
720 ; 63.3
352
1280
scaling
1. width height
2. 12:11 1:1
Solution 1: Stretch
No loss of data
but No PAR preservation (‘fat’ objects)
352
288
1280
720upscale
SD (4:3) HD (16:9)
Solution 2: Crop
1280
720
352
288
Loss of data
but Preserve PAR
upscale
SD (4:3) HD (16:9)
Solution 3: Black-Bars
No loss of data
and Preserve PAR
but Black in the eyes
1280
720
352
288upscale
SD (4:3) HD (16:9)
Down Scale – Are you still with me?
1280
720
352
288
SD (4:3)HD (16:9)
Solution 1: Stretch
352
288
1280
720
SD (4:3)HD (16:9)
Solution 2: Crop
352
288
1280
720
SD (4:3)HD (16:9)
Solution 3: Black-Bars
352
288
1280
720
SD (4:3)HD (16:9)
Before you leave
FAR– 4:3 (SD)– 16:9 (HD)
PAR– 12:11 (SD)– 1:1 (HD)
Scaling– Down– Up– Modes: stretch / crop / black-bars
FARPAR H
W
Thank You
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