An Introduction to Chemistry
• Important biological elements– Carbon– Oxygen– Nitrogen– Hydrogen– Sulfur– Na– K
II. Atomic Structure
• A. Definition• B. Analogy of
structure• C. Subatomic
particles– 1. Protons– 2. Neutrons– 3. Electrons
III. Electron orbitals
• A. Location• B. Maximum
number of electrons in an orbital
• C. Orbital filling• D. Examples
– 1. H– 2. C– 3. Na– 4. Si
III. Electron orbitals
• E. Valence electrons– 1. Definition– 2. Involved in chemical bond formation– 3. Determines chemical properties of the
atom– 4. Elements with the same number of
valence electrons have similar chemical properties
An atom with an atomic number of 13 and a mass of 22 possesses ____ electrons.
79%
0% 0%0%
21%
1. 13
2. 22
3. 9
4. 3
5. The answer cannot be determined
An atom with an atomic number of 13 and a mass of 22 possesses ____ valence electrons.
5%11%
16%
68%
1. 2
2. 3
3. 8
4. 13
What is the equation of the compound formed when 20Ca and 17Cl combine by ionic bonding?
19%
0%
63%
19%
1. Ca2Cl
2. CaCl
3. CaCl24. The answer
cannot be determined
V. Chemical Bonding
• C. Covalent bonding– 1. Definition– 2. Example of nonpolar covalent– 3. Example of polar covalent bonding