An-Najah National UniversityFaculty of Engineering
Auto-Tracking Solar Radiation System
Prepared by :
Mohammed Attayyeb Abbas Atabeh Hamza Zayed Aseel Salem
Supervisor: Dr. Bashir Nouri
Content:- Introduction.- Overview and description.- Solar energy and the scenario in Palestine.
- Literature Review.- Electrical Design.
- Model Fabrication and Design .- Results and Dissection.- Conclusion.
Introduction
• Overview and description.
• The choice reasons.
• The high demand and the suffering energy sector.
• The aim of the project.
• keeping the solar photovoltaic panel perpendicular to the sun.
• Solar power in Palestine.
• Solar radiation in Palestine.
• The annual incident solar irradiance is about 2000 kWh per m².
• Technologies of solar energy.
• Domestic solar water heaters.
• Solar drying.
• Solar desalination and cooling.
• Photovoltaic.
Literature Review.
• Solar panels.
• Design of solar tracking system.
• Passive vs. Active trackers.
• The passive tracking system depend on the center of mass.
• The active tracking systems can be grouped into classes by the number and orientation of the tracker’s axes.
• Continuous vs. step-wise realignment.
• Drive types.
• Electric, hydraulic and passive drivers.
• Control strategy.
• Forward, feedback and hybrid strategy.
Electrical Design
• Arduino microcontroller.
• Arduino Uno.
• Digital input/output pins.
• Analog inputs.
• Easy programing.
• DC motors.
• Two Windshield wiper motors.
• 12 volt.
• Give a suitable torque.
• Have internal warm gears.
• Sensors.
• Photoresistor or light-dependent resistor (LDR).
• Light-controlled variable resistor.
• Has nearly the same rang of wavelength that solar PV cell can absorbs.
Flow chart of the control system.
The control circuit.
Model Fabrication and Design.
• Model Fabrication.
• The base frame.
The vertical frame. Steel rod.
• Assemble the Upper Part.
• Screw, fork and nut.
• The panel holding frame.
• Model Design
• Screw design.
• Ϭ max = 5 MPa < Ϭ allowable = 81 MPa (Safe).
• Ʈ max =3 MPa < 40.5 MPa (Safe).
• P critical = 103.5 KN > Applied load no buckling occur.
• Nut design.
• Bearing stress σo= 0.6 MPa < σ allowable = 81 MPa (Safe).
• Fork pin.
• Maximum principal stress Ϭ max = 344 < Ϭ allowable = 403 (Safe).
• Maximum shear stress Ʈ max = 174 < Ʈ allowable = 201 MPa (Safe).
• Ϭ bearing = 55.6 MPa < Ϭ allowable = 403 (Safe).
• The fork.
• Ϭ bearing max = 55.6 MPa < Ϭ allowable = 140 MPa (Safe).
• The average readings of the power output for the dual-axis tracker and fixed panel was taken for two days which are the 9th and the 10th of February 2015 from morning 8:00 am to evening 4:00 pm for every half hour.
• The fixed panel face was directed to the south with inclination angle equal of 32º .
Results and Dissection.
• Efficiency of Dual-Axis Tracker over Fixed Panel
February Dual Axis Tracking System Fixed Panel The Ratio
Monday, 9th 45.7 W 37.8 W 1.2
February Dual Axis Tracking System Fixed Panel The Ratio
Tuesday, 10th 43.4 W 35.7 W 1.2
Conclusion
• The designed dual axis solar tracker is capable to track the sun throughout the year.
• The presented dual axis tracking system keeps the solar photovoltaic panel perpendicular to the sun.
Future scope
• One controlling system for more than one structure.
• Flexible mechanical structure to hold different sizes.
• The system can be made to charge its power source.
Thank YouThank You