Bringing It Bringing It HomeHome
An Indigenous An Indigenous Research ModelResearch Model
An Overview Of The Key Concepts
An Overview Of The An Overview Of The Key ConceptsKey Concepts
DEFINING ABORIGINAL DEFINING ABORIGINAL TERMS OF REFERENCETERMS OF REFERENCE
ATR values an Aboriginal worldview. ATR values an Aboriginal worldview. As a research tool it assists As a research tool it assists
Indigenous researchers investigate, Indigenous researchers investigate, examine, explore and articulate examine, explore and articulate
findings, results, recommendations, findings, results, recommendations, and outcomes from within an and outcomes from within an Indigenous cultural contextIndigenous cultural context..
Kickett (1992 cited in NHMRC, 1997) proposed ATR as a, Kickett (1992 cited in NHMRC, 1997) proposed ATR as a, ““necessary paradigm necessary paradigm fofo……
“…“…. One of the key factors which needs . One of the key factors which needs to be properly considered when to be properly considered when
operating in a crossoperating in a cross--cultural setting is cultural setting is valuesvalues…….will not deal effectively with .will not deal effectively with
Aboriginal realities if they do not Aboriginal realities if they do not incorporate processes which enable incorporate processes which enable Aboriginal participantsAboriginal participants……to come to to come to
terms with their own value systemterms with their own value system…….an .an opportunity to systematically explore opportunity to systematically explore
optionsoptions……..”” (NRMC (NRMC 19971997, p.19), p.19)
““ATR encompassesATR encompassesCultural knowledge, understanding and experiencesCultural knowledge, understanding and experiencesWays of thinking, working, reflecting Ways of thinking, working, reflecting Incorporates specific and explicit cultural values, Incorporates specific and explicit cultural values, beliefs and prioritiesbeliefs and prioritiesAboriginal standards derived, validated and Aboriginal standards derived, validated and practicedpracticedStandards vary Standards vary –– diverse range of cultural values, diverse range of cultural values, beliefs, priorities within local settingsbeliefs, priorities within local settingsSpecific context Specific context –– to place terms and conditions on to place terms and conditions on that which is important to their own livesthat which is important to their own lives
(NRMC 1997, p. 20)(NRMC 1997, p. 20)
THE THEORY OF A CULTURAL PHILOSOPHICAL ETHOS
THE THEORY OF A CULTURAL PHILOSOPHICAL ETHOS
The notion of a Cultural Philosophical Ethos YavuThe notion of a Cultural Philosophical Ethos Yavu--KamaKama--Harathunian (1998) suggests that,Harathunian (1998) suggests that,
““CPE is that essential spiritual sense of knowing, that CPE is that essential spiritual sense of knowing, that underpins all that evolves from an individualunderpins all that evolves from an individual’’s layers s layers
of understanding, histories, life experiences, of understanding, histories, life experiences, knowledge, learning processes, beliefs, values, knowledge, learning processes, beliefs, values,
attitudes, motivations, awareness and sense of self attitudes, motivations, awareness and sense of self as a human being who belongs to a particular as a human being who belongs to a particular
cultural group. It is the storehouse that houses an cultural group. It is the storehouse that houses an individualindividual’’s human experiences, everything that s human experiences, everything that
gives him/her recognition for their sense of belonging gives him/her recognition for their sense of belonging and being part of a cultural group. It connects the and being part of a cultural group. It connects the
individualindividual’’s internal and external human experiences s internal and external human experiences to their spiritual and cultural identity.to their spiritual and cultural identity.””
CPE is that unique intimate, personal and CPE is that unique intimate, personal and individual sense of being that expresses an individual sense of being that expresses an
internal acceptance of certain ways of being and internal acceptance of certain ways of being and doing that includes language expression, doing that includes language expression,
behavioral and cognitive expression, emotional behavioral and cognitive expression, emotional and spiritual expression. From this the and spiritual expression. From this the
individual constructs their worldview, reference individual constructs their worldview, reference terms, and opinions, about themselves as terms, and opinions, about themselves as different and or similar to others, and also different and or similar to others, and also
humanly part of a unique particular group. It is humanly part of a unique particular group. It is an internal core element of an individualan internal core element of an individual’’s sense s sense
of personal and spiritual identity of personal and spiritual identity (Yavu(Yavu--KamaKama--Harathunian, 1998).Harathunian, 1998).
CONCEPTUALISING CPE WITHIN ATRCONCEPTUALISING CPE WITHIN ATR
BEST SUITED TO SPIRITUAL, EMOTIONAL, BEST SUITED TO SPIRITUAL, EMOTIONAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL NEEDS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL NEEDS OF
ABORIGINAL PEOPLE.ABORIGINAL PEOPLE.
Gibson and YavuGibson and Yavu--KamaKama--Harathunian (2003) Harathunian (2003) working together were able to develop and working together were able to develop and
conceptualise a model that clearly articulated the conceptualise a model that clearly articulated the notion that Yavunotion that Yavu--KamaKama--Harathunian (1998) had Harathunian (1998) had
hypothesised and from this they created a hypothesised and from this they created a diagram that demonstrated the notion of Cultural diagram that demonstrated the notion of Cultural
Philosophical Ethos as a Philosophical Ethos as a ‘‘theorytheory
““In order to understand Aboriginal Cultural In order to understand Aboriginal Cultural Philosophical Ethos, one must unravel how Philosophical Ethos, one must unravel how Aboriginality was constructed.Aboriginality was constructed.””
““AboriginalAboriginal”” constructed by colonial Australia to constructed by colonial Australia to define the First Nations Peoples for their define the First Nations Peoples for their understandingunderstanding
Original peoples were tribal, clan oriented, Original peoples were tribal, clan oriented, group/family relatinggroup/family relating
““Aboriginal Aboriginal ““conveyed to colonists an image of conveyed to colonists an image of the peoples whom they had conquered the term the peoples whom they had conquered the term continues to continues to colonisecolonise through research through research
An Overview Of An Overview Of The Key ConceptsThe Key Concepts
NONNON--ABORIGINAL METHODOLOGICAL ABORIGINAL METHODOLOGICAL DOMAINS THAT RESONATE WITH DOMAINS THAT RESONATE WITH
ABORIGINAL TERMS OF REFERENCE ABORIGINAL TERMS OF REFERENCE AND CULTURAL PHILOSOPHICAL ETHOSAND CULTURAL PHILOSOPHICAL ETHOS
NON INDIGENOUS DOMAINS (NID)NON INDIGENOUS DOMAINS (NID)
Action ResearchAction Research
PhenomenographyPhenomenography
Ethnography Ethnography
THE CENTRALITY OF
CPE THEORY
THE THE CENTRALITY OF CENTRALITY OF
CPE THEORYCPE THEORY
Public art J. Chapman
CPE THEORY CPE THEORY
ATRATRATR
Aboriginal SpiritualityAboriginal Spirituality
SPACE
SPACE
TIME
TIME
Aboriginal Lore, Aboriginal Law
1. Cultural ElementsAboriginal heritage, Aboriginal history 1. Action Research
Phenomenography
Aboriginal CPEProtocols, practices, rituals, ceremonies
2. Cultural ElementsValues and beliefs, aspirations 1. Action Research
Phenomenography
Aboriginal Terms of Reference
3. Understandings knowledges and practices
Thinking, working and reflecting
3. Action ResearchPhenomenography
Ethnography
Language of Healing Paradigm Body and verbal language, yarning,
other wisdoms, communication protocols
4. AspirationsFamily structure, goals, priorities
and future directions
4. Action ResearchPhenomenography
Self Awareness andCollective Awareness
Identity, cultural integrity, dreaming past present and future
5. Cultural ElementsKinship, obligation, behavioural
expectations, heritage
5. Action ResearchPhenomenography
Sense of Being Spiritual identity, land connection, life experiences, belongingness,
knowingness
6. Cultural ElementsKinship, obligation, behavioural
expectations, heritage
6. PhenomenographyEthnography
Holistic Wellness Centeredness, respect and
confirmation of culture
7. ExperiencesInteraction, socialisation, historical
factors, current situation and feelings
7. Ethnography
NIDNID
CPE
Aboriginal SpiritualityAboriginal Spirituality
CULTURAL PHILOSOPHICAL ETHOS
THEORY
CULTURAL CULTURAL PHILOSOPHICAL ETHOS PHILOSOPHICAL ETHOS
THEORYTHEORYABORIGINAL ABORIGINAL
TERMS OF TERMS OF REFERENCEREFERENCE
NONNON--ABORIGINAL ABORIGINAL METHODOLOGICAL METHODOLOGICAL
DOMAIN DOMAIN
1.Cultural ElementsAboriginal heritageAboriginal history
3.Understandings knowledges and practices
Thinking, working and reflecting
2.Cultural ElementsValues and beliefs, aspirations
4.AspirationsFamily structure, goals,
priorities and future directions
5.Cultural ElementsKinship, obligation,
behavioural expectations, heritage
6.Cultural ElementsKinship, obligation,
behavioural expectations, heritage
7.ExperiencesInteraction, socialisation, historical factors, current
situation and feelings
1.Action ResearchPhenomenography
2.Action ResearchPhenomenography
3.Action ResearchPhenomenography
Ethnography
5.Action ResearchPhenomenography
5.Action ResearchPhenomenography
6.Phenomenography Ethnography
7.Ethnography
Aboriginal Lore, Aboriginal Law
Aboriginal CPE Protocols, practices, rituals, ceremonies
Aboriginal Terms of Reference
Language of Healing Paradigm Body and verbal language, yarning, other wisdoms, communication protocols
Self Awareness and Collective Awareness Identity, cultural
integrity, dreaming past present and future
Sense of Being
Spiritual identity, land connection, life experiences, belongingness,
knowingness
Holistic WellnessCenteredness, respect
and confirmation of culture
CPE THEORYCPE THEORY
ATRATRATR
ABORIGNAL SPIRITUALITY ABORIGNAL SPIRITUALITY
SPACE
SPACE
TIME
TIME
ABORIGINAL SPIRITUALITY ABORIGINAL SPIRITUALITY
NIDNID
CPE
Bringing It Home
An Indigenous Research Model
Bringing It HomeBringing It Home
An Indigenous An Indigenous Research ModelResearch Model
WE THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTIONWE THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
WE WELCOME COMMENT AND WE WELCOME COMMENT AND DISCUSSIONDISCUSSION
GO WELL, STAY WELL, BE WELLGO WELL, STAY WELL, BE WELL
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
The Authors acknowledge The Authors acknowledge Background Art:Background Art:
•• Landscape Photography accessed at Landscape Photography accessed at www.AllPosters.comwww.AllPosters.com (Slides (Slides 3,4,5,6,8,9,10,11,12)3,4,5,6,8,9,10,11,12)
•• Space Images .com, Hubble 2007 Photos Space Images .com, Hubble 2007 Photos accessed on July 2007 (Slides 1,7,19,21) accessed on July 2007 (Slides 1,7,19,21)
•• Local Aboriginal Artist, James Chapman Local Aboriginal Artist, James Chapman 2007, Bundaberg Qld (Slides 11,15)2007, Bundaberg Qld (Slides 11,15)
•• The Sky Photos.com archive of sky and The Sky Photos.com archive of sky and cloud photography (Slides 2,13,14)cloud photography (Slides 2,13,14)