Classical Greece and Rome
1. Americans love Greek and Roman ideas.
Rome
Philadelphia
Rome
Washington, D. C.
The Parthenon
Athens, Greece
Philadelphia
The Philadelphia Art Museum
The Acropolis (2,000 years ago)
Athens, Greecehttp://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/videos#the-acropolis-deconstructed
Fairmount
Philadelphia
The Pantheon, Rome.
Jefferson Memorial, Washington, D.C.
http://www.zippycreativeservices.com.au/images/blank-world-map2.jpg
Europe
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Europe
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Europe
Greece
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Europe
Rome
2. Ancient Greece
2. Geography of Greece
• Today, a small country in Europe.• near the Mediterranean Sea.• main part of Greece: on a peninsula.
• small country in Europe.• near the Mediterranean Sea.• main part of Greece: on a peninsula.
(peninsula: land surrounded by water on three sides.)
2. Geography of Greece
• small country in Europe.• near the Mediterranean Sea.• main part of Greece: on a peninsula.
(peninsula: land surrounded by water on three sides.)
• the rest of Greece: many islands.
2. Geography of Greece
• small country in Europe.• near the Mediterranean Sea.• main part of Greece: on a peninsula.
(peninsula: land surrounded by water on three sides.)
• the rest of Greece: many islands and many mountains
2. Geography of Greece
• small country in Europe.• near the Mediterranean Sea.• main part of Greece: on a peninsula.
(peninsula: land surrounded by water on three sides.)
• the rest of Greece: many islands and many mountains
2. Geography of Greece
Greek City-States
Greek City-States
• Greek City-States were isolated.
Greek City-States
• Greek City-States were isolated because of mountains and islands.(isolated: alone.)
3.Greek City-States
• Greek City-States were isolated because of mountains and islands.(isolated: alone.)
• City-states were like countries with their own laws, leaders & money.
3. Two Important Greek City-States:Sparta & Athens
Sparta
Athens
4. Sparta’s focus: Military Strength
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4. Sparta’s focus: Military Strength
• Government: Kings• Not important: reading, writing, art.• Very important: training to become good soldiers.• Boys: 7 years old boys left their parents to study warfare
and athletics. • Girls: trained to be good athletes and to be
mothers of soldiers.
5. Athens’ Focus: Art, Culture, Democracy
5. Athens’ Focus: Art, Culture, Democracy
• Government: People of Athens voted for leaders (democracy).• Important: art, architecture, beauty and military power.• Boys from rich families: went to school and trained to be
soldiers. Adult men could become citizens and vote.• Girls: learned how to take care of their homes. Adult women
had no rights.
6. Athens v. SpartaThe City-States of Athens and Sparta fought to control all of Greece in the Peloponnesian War.
After 27 years of fighting, Sparta defeated Athens.
Famous Greek Philosophers
Philosophy *
ΦΙΛΟ = loveΣΟΦΊΑ = wisdom
*
7. Philosophy
• Philosophers = “seekers of wisdom.”• Philosophers are teachers.• They use reasons and questions to study the
world and explain life.
*
philo = lovesophia = wisdom
*
Socrates
Socrates was a famous teacher who taught his students…
• …it is important to do the right thing.• …think for yourself• Socrates’ way of teaching: ask questions
to discover true ideas. (Socratic method.)
The children now love luxury;they have bad manners, contempt for authority; they show disrespect for elders and love chatter in place of exercise.
Children are now tyrants, not the servants of their households. They no longer rise when elders enter the room. They contradict their parents, chatter before company, gobble up dainties at the table, cross their legs, and tyrannize their teachers.
Plato
• student of Socrates.• started the world’s first university.• wrote about fair governments and fair
leaders in a book called The Republic.
Socrates and his student, Plato
Detail of The School of Athens by Raffaello
Socrates
His stu
dent,
young Plato
Aristotle
Plato was Aristotle’s teacher.
He wrote books about • science• art• law• poetry• government.
Plato and his student, young Aristotle
Detail of The School of Athens by Raffaello
8. Famous Greek Writers
Aesop• a slave of Greece.• wrote fables (stories) that
teach lessons.• many were animal stories.• Aesop’s Fables: still
popular today.
Aesop’s Fables
Herodotus
• wrote the first history books
9. Famous Greek Leaders
Pericles
• Democratic leader of Athens.• Constructed the Parthenon and the Acropolis
Alexander the Great
• son of King Phillip II. • young, strong military leader
Aristotle teaching young Alexander
• Aristotle was his teacher.• young, strong military leader
Alexander the Great
• made Greece a large empire.• conquered Persia, Egypt, the
Middle East, Northern India. • spread Greek ideas all over the
world• Alexander the Great did all of
this by the time he was 33.
The Empire of King Philip (Father of Alexander the Great)
Alexander the Great spread Greek culture far across Europe, Asia & Africa.
The Roman Empire
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Europe
Rome
Zeus Hera Poseidon Ares Athena Aprhrodite
Jupiter Juno Neptune Mars Minerva Venus
10. The Romans conquered Greece.They controlled Greece, but they loved Greek ideas and copied them.For example, they loved Greek gods.They changed the gods’ names to Roman names.
. Greek names
Roman names p
king of the gods queen of the gods god of the sea god of war goddess of wisdom goddess of love
11. How Rome began:The legend of the twin brothers, Romulus & Remus
Rome is named for Romulus.
Rhea was the twins’ mother.Her uncle, the king, was afraid that the twins would try to take his power.
How Rome began:The legend of the twin brothers, Romulus & Remus
The king’s order: Drown the babies in the Tiber River.
How Rome began:The legend of the twin brothers, Romulus & Remus
Tiberinus, the river god, put the twins on land.
How Rome began:The legend of the twin brothers, Romulus & Remus
Lupa the wolf found the twins and raised them.
How Rome began:The legend of the twin brothers, Romulus & Remus
The image of the mother wolf raising the twins Romulus and Remus is a popular image in ancient art.
How Rome began:The legend of the twin brothers, Romulus & Remus
How Rome began:The legend of the twin brothers, Romulus & Remus
How Rome began:The legend of the twin brothers, Romulus & Remus
How Rome began:The legend of the twin brothers, Romulus & Remus
A shepherd found the twins...
How Rome began:The legend of the twin brothers, Romulus & Remus
…and brought them home.
How Rome began:The legend of the twin brothers, Romulus & Remus
How Rome began:The legend of the twin brothers, Romulus & Remus
Romulus and Remus grew up.They often argued…
How Rome began:The legend of the twin brothers, Romulus & Remus
…and had bitter fights.
How Rome began:The legend of the twin brothers, Romulus & Remus
They decided to work together and establish a city on the hill where Lupa found them.
How Rome began:The legend of the twin brothers, Romulus & Remus
They argued and fought about building a wall around the city. Remus died. Romulus named the new city after himself, Rome.
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The Roman Empire: Before Caesar
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The Roman Empire: Before Caesar
12. Julius CaesarExcellent military leader.
He never lost a battle.
He conquered a lot of land for Rome and made the empire very large.
Vini, vidi, vici.
Julius Caesar
I came, I saw, I conquered.
Excellent military leader.
He never lost a battle.
He conquered a lot of land for Rome and made the empire very large.
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The Roman Empire: Before Caesar
The Roman Empire: After Caesar
Julius Caesar
Soldiers loved him.
The Roman people loved him.
Became leader of Rome in 55 B.C.E.
Did you know these facts about Julius Caesar?
Pirates kidnapped him when he was 16. He escaped.
He improved the Roman calendar (“July” is named for Caesar.)
Set up the first newspapers (news signs).
Caesar and Cleopatra of Egypt loved each other.
Did you know these facts about Julius Caesar?
Other leaders in Rome were afraid of Caesar’s popularity and power.
They assassinated him.
13. Roman Military Strength
Roman soldiers were very tough.People said the Roman army was like a fighting machine.They conquered a lot of land for Rome.
14. Roman Roads
Each time Roman soldiers conquered a city, they built a new road connecting the city to Rome.
Roman Roads
Romans built over 53,000 miles of roads. Most of the time, soldiers were the road builders.
Roman Roads
Roman Roads
Today, we copy many ideas from Ancient Greece and Rome.
15. Architecture
archos
= Gree
k
word f
or ‘ma
ster’
tekton = Greek
word for ‘builder’
Doric Ionian Corinthian15.
Doric
The Lincoln Memorial
Ionian
The White House
Philadelphia City Hall
Corinthian
16. Sports Stadium
Today, we copy many ideas from Ancient Greece and Rome.
16. Sports Stadium
Today, we copy many ideas from Ancient Greece and Rome.
Today, we copy many ideas from Ancient Greece and Rome.
16. Sports Stadium
17. Theater
Today, we copy many ideas from Ancient Greece and Rome.
17. Theater
Today, we copy many ideas from Ancient Greece and Rome.
17. Theater
Today, we copy many ideas from Ancient Greece and Rome.
18. Alphabet
Today, we copy many ideas from Ancient Greece and Rome.
Greek Alphabet
Borrowed from the
Phoenicians
Copied by English and
other languages
S
Q
19. The Olympics
Today, we copy many ideas from Ancient Greece and Rome.
Olympic games in ancient Greece began about 776 B.C.E.
Olympics in 2008, in China
The modern World Olympic games began in 1896 C. E.
20. Democracy
Today, we copy many ideas from Ancient Greece and Rome.
δημοκρατίαDemocracy
http://greece.mrdonn.org/athens1.gif
Citizens in ancient Greece wrote laws and voted for leaders.
Democracy
Demos = peoplecracy = power
Democracy
Demos = peoplecracy = power
http://www1.curriculum.edu.au/ddunits/units/ls1fq3acts.htmVoting in ancient Greece.
Only for rich
citizens
Voting in Philadelphia.
Most people in USA
have voting rights.
Finis