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Appendix Table 1: Female 18-35 Cervical Osteophytosis. Vertebrae scored from 0-4, with³u´ used for unobservable. ³Grade I: Only small scattered hyperostoses are found Grade II:
Protrusions of bone in a more or less horizontal direction from corpus vertebrae.Grade III: Theosteophytes have a characteristic bird¶s beak shape. Usually the free end of the osteophyte curves
away from discus. It may curve towards discus, resulting in a more or less intimate contact with
the osteophytes on the other side of discus. Grade IV: The osteophytes from adjacent vertebraefuse, forming a bone bridge across the intervening discus´ (Säger 1969: 58). All aspects of thevertebrae are scored: SVB: superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior vertebral body, SRF: superior
vertebral body, IRF: inferior vertebral body. Ondontids areas scored for C1¶s as well.
Burial
Number Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF SLF IRF
38
C1 Ondontid-
1 U 0 0 0
31 C1 1 U 1 0 0
76 C1 1 U 1 1 1
58 C1 1 U 0 0 0
51 C1 0 U 0 0 0
54A C1 0 U 0 0 0
90 I1 C1 1 U 0 0 u
127 C1 1 U 0 0 1
38 C2 0 0 0 0 0
31 C2 0 1 0 1 0
76 C2 0 0 1 1 1
58 C2 0 0 0 0 1
51 C2 0 0 1 u u
12 C2 1 0 0 0 u
90 I1 C2
38 C3 0 0 0 0 1
31 C3 1 0 0 1 1
76 C3 1 1 1 1 1
58 C3 0 0 0 0 1
51C3 0 0 u 0 0
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38 C4 0 0 u 0 u
31 C4 0 0 1 0 0
76 C4 1 2 1 1 1
58 C4 0 0 u 0 u
51 C4 0 0 0 0 1
38 C5 0 0 0 u 1
31 C5 0 0 0 0 0
76C5
1 2 0 1 1
58 C5 0 0 0 u 1
51 C5 0 0 1 1 1
127 C5 0 0 0 0 1
38C6
u 0 0 0 031 C6 u 0 0 1 0
76 C6 2 1 1 1 1
58 C6 u 0 0 0 0
51 C6 0 0 u 1 u
127 C6 0 1 0 0 0
38 C7 0 0 0 0 0
31 C7 1 1 u 1 1
76 C7 0 u 0 u u
58C7
u u u u u
54A C7 0 u u 0 0
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Appendix Table 2: Females 18-35 Cervical Sclerosis: Vertebrae scored from 0-4, with a ³u´used for unobservable. 0=absent, 1=sclerosis, 2=sclerosis with some eburnation visible
3=eburnation, more extensive than sclerosis and 4=extreme eburnation (Derevenski et al. 2000:341). In practice, a score of 4 was never used. All aspects of the vertebrae are scored: SVB:
superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior vertebral body, SRF: superior vertebral body, IRF: inferior
vertebral body. Ondontids are scored for C1¶s as well.
Burial
Number Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF SLF IRF
38
C1 0 0 0 0 0
31
C1 0 0 0 0 0
76
C1 0 0 0 0 0
58
C1 0 0 0 0 0
51
C1 0 0 0 0 0
54A
C1 0 0 0 0 0
90 I1
C1
u 1 0 0 u
127
C1 0 0 0 0 0
38
C2 0 0 0 0 0
31
C2 0 0 0 0 0
76
C2 0 0 0 0 0
58
C2 0 0 0 0 0
51
C2 0 0 0 0 0
12
C2 0 0 0 0 0
90 I1
C2
38
C3 0 0 0 0 0
31
C3 0 0 0 0 0
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76
C3 1 0 0 0 1
58
C3 0 0 0 0 0
51
C3 0 0 0 0 0
38
C4
31
C4 0 0 0 0 0
76
C4 0 1 0 0 0
58
C4 0 0 0 0 0
51
C4 0 0 0 0 0
38
C5 0 0 0 0 0
31
C5 0 0 0 0 0
76
C5 0 0 0 0 0
58
C5 0 0 0 0 0
51
C5 0 0 0 0 0
127
C5 0 0 0 0 0
38
C6 0 1 u u 0
31
C6 0 0 0 0 0
76
C6 0 0 0 0 0
58
C6 u u u u u
51
C6 0 0 0 0 0
127
C6 0 0 0 0 0
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38
C7 0 0 0 0 0
31
C7 0 0 0 0 0
76
C7 0 0 0 0 0
58
C7 u u u u u
54A
C7 0 0 0 0 0
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Appendix Table 3: Females 18-35 Cervical Remodeling: Vertebrae scored from 0-4, with a³u´ used for unobservable. Score ³O´ was given when the inferior margin of the superior
articular facet is sharp and distinct, and has no increased surface area extending onto the lamina,or downwards (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al. 2008). Score 1 was given when the inferior margin of the
superior articular facet is indistinct and slightly warped without a sharp margin. The facet has an
increased surface area extending downwards onto the proceeding vertebra¶s lamina (Rojas- Sepúlvedaet al. 2008). For score 2, there is a newly formed small bony shelf on the lamina of the proceeding
vertebrae, which acts to support the inferior articular process of the upper vertebra (Rojas- Sepúlveda etal. 2008). Score 3, as in stage 2, is characterized by a significantly larger bony shelf extending
downwards into the laminal groove and outwards onto the transverse process of the proceeding vertebra.The superior margin of the superior articular process is rounded anteriorally. The inferior articular facet
of the preceding vertebra has indistinct margins and fits together with the articular facet of the proceeding
vertebrae as a lock and key, or a puzzle piece. Lastly the facets of proceeding and precedingvertebrae are extremely warped and fused together (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al. 2008). In addition, I
used the score of ³unobservable´ for individual facets that were damaged, and a score of 4 for cases of extreme remodeling displaying fusion with adjacent vertebrae (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al.
2008). All aspects of the vertebrae are scored: SVB: superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior
vertebral body, SRF: superior vertebral body, IRF: inferior vertebral body. Ondontids are scoredfor C1¶s as well.
Burial
Number Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF SLF IRF
38
C1 0 0 0 0 0
31
C1 0 0 0 0 0
76
C1 0 0 0 0 0
58
C1 0 0 0 0 0
51
C1 0 0 0 0 0
54A
C1 0 0 0 0 0
90 I1
C1
u 1 0 0 u
127C1 0 0 0 0 0
38
C2 0 0 0 0 0
31
C2 0 0 0 0 0
76
C2 0 0 0 0 0
58
C2 0 0 0 0 0
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51
C2 0 0 0 0 0
12
C2 0 0 0 0 0
90 I1
C2
38
C3 0 0 0 0 0
31
C3 0 0 0 0 0
76
C3 1 0 0 0 1
58
C3 0 0 0 0 0
51
C3 0 0 0 0 0
38
C4
31
C4 0 0 0 0 0
76
C4 0 1 0 0 0
58
C4 0 0 0 0 0
51
C4 0 0 0 0 0
38
C5 0 0 0 0 0
31
C5 0 0 0 0 0
76
C5 0 0 0 0 0
58
C5 0 0 0 0 0
51
C5 0 0 0 0 0
127
C5 0 0 0 0 0
38
C6 0 1 u u 0
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31
C6 0 0 0 0 0
76
C6 0 0 0 0 0
58
C6 u u u u u
51
C6 0 0 0 0 0
127
C6 0 0 0 0 0
38
C7 0 0 0 0 0
31
C7 0 0 0 0 0
76
C7 0 0 0 0 0
58
C7 u u u u u
54A
C7 0 0 0 0 0
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Appendix Table 4: Males 18-35 Cervical Osteophytosis: Vertebrae scored from 0-4, with ³u´
used for unobservable. ³Grade I: Only small scattered hyperostoses are found Grade II:
Protrusions of bone in a more or less horizontal direction from corpus vertebrae.Grade III: The
osteophytes have a characteristic bird¶s beak shape. Usually the free end of the osteophyte curvesaway from discus. It may curve towards discus, resulting in a more or less intimate contact with
the osteophytes on the other side of discus .Grade IV: The osteophytes from adjacent vertebrae
fuse, forming a bone bridge across the intervening discus´ (Säger 1969: 58). All aspects of the
vertebrae are scored: SVB: superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior vertebral body, SRF: superior
vertebral body, IRF: inferior vertebral body. Ondontids ares scored for C1¶s as well
Burial Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF SLF IRF ILF
33 C1 Ondontid- 0 0 0 0 0
96A C1 1 1 1 1 1
59 C1 1 0 0 0 0
47 C1 0 0 0 0 0
33 C2 0 0 0 0 0 0
96A C2 1 1 1 1 0 0
59 C2 0 0 0 0 0 u
46 C2 0 0 0 0 0 0
47 C2 0 u 0 u u 0
33 C3 0 0 0 0 0 0
96A C3 0 0 1 1 1 1
59 C3 0 0 0 1 u 0
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46 C3 0 0 0 0 u u
47 C3 0 0 0 0 1 1
33 C4 0 0 0 0 0 0
96A C4 0 0 1 1 1 1
59 C4 u u u 1 u u
47 C4
33 C5 0 0 0 1 0 0
96A C5 0 1 0 0 1 1
59 C5 u u 0 u u u
47 C5 0 0 0 0 1 1
33 C6 0 0 0 0 0 0
96A C6 1 0 0 0 1 1
59 C6 u u 0 u 0 1
47 C6 u 0 1 u 1 0
33 C7 1 0 0 0 0 0
96-A C7 0 0 1 1 1 1
59 C7 u u u 0 1 1
47 C7 0 0 0 0 u u
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Appendix Table 5: Males 18-35 Cervical Sclerosis: Vertebrae scored from 0-4, with a ³u´used for unobservable. 0=absent, 1=sclerosis, 2=sclerosis with some eburnation visible
3=eburnation, more extensive than sclerosis and 4=extreme eburnation (Derevenski et al. 2000:341). In practice, a score of 4 was never used. All aspects of the vertebrae are scored: SVB:
superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior vertebral body, SRF: superior vertebral body, IRF: inferior
vertebral body. Ondontids are scored for C1¶s as well.
Burial Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF SLF IRF ILF
33 C1 Ondontid- 0 0 0 0 0
96A C1 1 1 1 1 1
59 C1 1 0 0 0 0
47 C1 0 0 0 0 0
33 C2 0 0 0 0 0 0
96A C2 1 1 1 1 0 0
59 C2 0 0 0 0 0 u
46 C2 0 0 0 0 0 0
47 C2 0 u 0 u u 0
33 C3 0 0 0 0 0 0
96A C3 0 0 1 1 1 1
59 C3 0 0 0 1 u 0
46 C3 0 0 0 0 u u
47 C3 0 0 0 0 1 1
33 C4 0 0 0 0 0 0
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96A C4 0 0 1 1 1 1
59 C4 u u u 1 u u
47 C4
33 C5 0 0 0 1 0 0
96A C5 0 1 0 0 1 1
59 C5 u u 0 u u u
47 C5 0 0 0 0 1 1
33 C6 0 0 0 0 0 0
96A C6 1 0 0 0 1 1
59 C6 u u 0 u 0 1
47 C6 u 0 1 u 1 0
33 C7 1 0 0 0 0 0
96-A C7 0 0 1 1 1 1
59 C7 u u u 0 1 1
47 C7 0 0 0 0 u u
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Appendix Table 6: Males 18-35 Cervical Remodeling: Vertebrae scored from 0-4, with a ³u´used for unobservable. Score O was given when the inferior margin of the superior articular
facet is sharp and distinct, and has no increased surface area extending onto the lamina, or downwards (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al. 2008). Score 1 was given when the inferior margin of the
superior articular facet is indistinct and slightly warped without a sharp margin. The facet has an
increased surface area extending downwards onto the proceeding vertebra¶s lamina (Rojas- Sepúlvedaet al. 2008). For score 2, there is a newly formed small bony shelf on the lamina of the proceeding
vertebrae, which acts to support the inferior articular process of the upper vertebra (Rojas- Sepúlveda etal. 2008). Score 3, as in stage 2, is characterized by a significantly larger bony shelf extending
downwards into the laminal groove and outwards onto the transverse process of the proceeding vertebra.The superior margin of the superior articular process is rounded anteriorally. The inferior articular facet
of the preceding vertebra has indistinct margins and fits together with the articular facet of the proceeding
vertebrae as a lock and key, or a puzzle piece. Lastly the facets of proceeding and precedingvertebrae are extremely warped and fused together (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al. 2008). In addition, I
used the score of ³unobservable´ for individual facets that were damaged, and a score of 4 for cases of extreme remodeling displaying fusion with adjacent vertebrae (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al.
2008). All aspects of the vertebrae are scored: SVB: superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior
vertebral body, SRF: superior vertebral body, IRF: inferior vertebral body. Ondontids are scoredfor C1¶s as well.
Burial Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF SLF IRF ILF
33 C1 0 0 1 0 0 0
96A C1 0 0 0 0 0 0
59 C1 0 0 0 0 0 0
47 C1 0 0 0 0 0 0
33 C2 0 1 0 0 0 1
96A C2 0 1 0 1 0 1
59 C2 0 0 0 u 0 0
46 C2 1 1 1 1 1 1
47 C2
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33 C3 0 1 0 0 0 1
96A C3 1 1 1 1 1 1
59 C3 1 1 0 1 1 1
46 C3 0 0 1 1 0 0
47 C3
33 C4 0 1 0 0 0 1
96A C4 1 1 1 1 1 1
59 C4 1 0 0 0 1 0
47 C4 0 0 1 1 0 0
33 C5 1 0 0 0 1 0
96A C5 1 1 1 1 1 1
59 C5 0 u 1 u 0 u
47 C5 0 1 1 1 0 1
33 C6 1 1 0 0 1 1
96A C6 1 1 1 1 1 1
59 C6 1 u 0 0 1 u
47C6 1 1 1 1 1 1
33 C7 0 0 0 0 0 0
96-A C7 1 1 0 0 1 1
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59 C7 u 1 1 1 u 1
47 C7 1 1 0 0 1 1
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Appendix Table 7: Female 35+ Cervicals Osteophytosis. Vertebrae scored from 0-4, with³u´ used for unobservable. ³Grade I: Only small scattered hyperostoses are found Grade II:
Protrusions of bone in a more or less horizontal direction from corpus vertebrae.Grade III: Theosteophytes have a characteristic bird¶s beak shape. Usually the free end of the osteophyte curves
away from discus. It may curve towards discus, resulting in a more or less intimate contact with
the osteophytes on the other side of discus .Grade IV: The osteophytes from adjacent vertebraefuse, forming a bone bridge across the intervening discus´ (Säger 1969: 58). All aspects of thevertebrae are scored: SVB: superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior vertebral body, SRF: superior
vertebral body, IRF: inferior vertebral body. Ondontids ares scored for C1¶s as well.
Burial Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF SLF IRF ILF
94 C1 Ondontid-3 u 1 1 1 1
84 C1 2 u 0 0 1 1
100A C1 0 u 0 0 1 1
64C1
3 u 0 0 0 0105A C1 u u 0 0 u u
18 C1 1 1 0 0
94 C2 1 1 1 1 u u
84 C2 0 0 1 u u u
64 C2 0 0 1 0 1 0
105A C2 0 0 0 0 1 1
18 C2 0 0 1 1 1 1
94 C3 0 0 0 1 u u
84 C3 0 0 1 1 u 1
64 C3 0 0 1 0 1 1
105A C3 0 0 0 0 1 1
18 C3
94 C4 1 1 1 1 1 1
84 C4 0 0 1 u 1 u
64 C4 0 0 1 1 1 1
105A C4 0 1 0 0 0 0
18 C4 0 0 2 2 1 1
94 C5 0 1 1 1 u 1
84 C5 0 0 u 1 u 1
64 C5 0 0 1 1 1 1
105A C5 0 0 0 u 1 u
18 C5 0 1 1 1 1 1
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94 C6 1 1 1 1 u 1
64 C6 0 0 1 1 1 1
105A C6 0 0 0 0 1 0
18 C6 1 1 1 1 1 1
94 C7 1 0 1 1 0 0
105A C7 0 0 u 1 0 1
18 C7 1 1 u 1 0 u
64 C7
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Appendix Table 8: Female 35+ Cervicals Sclerosis. Vertebrae scored from 0-4, with a ³u´
used for unobservable. 0=absent, 1=sclerosis, 2=sclerosis with some eburnation visible
3=eburnation, more extensive than sclerosis and 4=extreme eburnation (Derevenski et al. 2000:
341). In practice, a score of 4 was never used. All aspects of the vertebrae are scored: SVB:
superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior vertebral body, SRF: superior vertebral body, IRF: inferior
vertebral body. Ondontids are scored for C1¶s as well.
Burial Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF SLF IRF ILF
94 C1 Ondontid-3 u 1 1 1 1
84 C1 2 u 0 0 1 1
100A C1 0 u 0 0 1 1
64 C1 3 u 0 0 0 0
105AC1 u u 0 0 u u
18 C1 1 1 0 0
94 C2 1 1 1 1 u u
84 C2 0 0 1 u u u
64 C2 0 0 1 0 1 0
105A C2 0 0 0 0 1 1
18 C2 0 0 1 1 1 1
94 C3 0 0 0 1 u u
84C3
0 0 1 1 u 164 C3 0 0 1 0 1 1
105A C3 0 0 0 0 1 1
18 C3
94 C4 1 1 1 1 1 1
84 C4 0 0 1 u 1 u
64 C4 0 0 1 1 1 1
105A C4 0 1 0 0 0 0
18 C4 0 0 2 2 1 1
94 C5 0 1 1 1 u 1
84 C5 0 0 u 1 u 1
64 C5 0 0 1 1 1 1
105A C5 0 0 0 u 1 u
18 C5 0 1 1 1 1 1
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94 C6 1 1 1 1 u 1
64 C6 0 0 1 1 1 1
105A C6 0 0 0 0 1 0
18 C6 1 1 1 1 1 1
94 C7 1 0 1 1 0 0
105A C7 0 0 u 1 0 1
18 C7 1 1 u 1 0 u
64 C7
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Appendix Table 9: Female 35+ Cervical Remodeling: Vertebrae scored from 0-4, with a ³u´used for unobservable. Score O was given when the inferior margin of the superior articular
facet is sharp and distinct, and has no increased surface area extending onto the lamina, or downwards (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al. 2008). Score 1 was given when the inferior margin of the
superior articular facet is indistinct and slightly warped without a sharp margin. The facet has an
increased surface area extending downwards onto the proceeding vertebra¶s lamina (Rojas- Sepúlvedaet al. 2008). For score 2, there is a newly formed small bony shelf on the lamina of the proceeding
vertebrae, which acts to support the inferior articular process of the upper vertebra (Rojas- Sepúlveda etal. 2008). Score 3, as in stage 2, is characterized by a significantly larger bony shelf extending
downwards into the laminal groove and outwards onto the transverse process of the proceeding vertebra.The superior margin of the superior articular process is rounded anteriorally. The inferior articular facet
of the preceding vertebra has indistinct margins and fits together with the articular facet of the proceeding
vertebrae as a lock and key, or a puzzle piece. Lastly the facets of proceeding and precedingvertebrae are extremely warped and fused together (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al. 2008). In addition, I
used the score of ³unobservable´ for individual facets that were damaged, and a score of 4 for cases of extreme remodeling displaying fusion with adjacent vertebrae (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al.
2008). All aspects of the vertebrae are scored: SVB: superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior
vertebral body, SRF: superior vertebral body, IRF: inferior vertebral body. Ondontids are scoredfor C1¶s as well.
Burial Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF SLF IRF ILF
94
C1 0 0 0 0 0 0
84
C1 0 0 0 0 0 0
100A
C1 0 0 0 0 0 0
64
C1 0 0 1 0 0 0
105A
C1 u u 0 0 u u
18
C1 0 0 0 0 0 0
94
C2 0 0 0 0 0 0
84
C2 0 0 0 0 0 0
64C2 1 1 0 0 1 1
105A
C2 0 0 0 0 0 0
18
C2 1 1 1 1 1 1
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94
C3 0 0 0 0 0 0
84
C3 0 0 0 1 0 0
64
C3 0 0 0 1 0 0
105A
C3 1 1 0 0 1 1
18
C3 2 1 0 0 2 1
94
C4 0 0 1 1 0 0
84
C4 0 0 0 1 0 0
64
C4 0 0 0 0 0 0
105AC4 0 0 0 1 0 0
18
C4 u 0 u 1 u 0
94
C5 1 1 0 0 1 1
84
C5 0 0 0 1 0 0
64
C5 0 0 0 0 0 0
105A
C5 u u u u u u
18
C5 1 2 1 1 1 2
94
C6 1 1 1 1 1 1
64
C6 1 1 0 0 1 1
105A
C6 1 1 1 1 1 1
18
C6 0 0 1 1 0 0
94
C7 1 1 1 1 1 1
105A
C7 1 1 1 1 1 1
18
C7 0 0 u 0 0 0
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64
C7 0 0 0 0 0 0
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Appendix Table 10: Male 35+ Cervicals Osteophytosis. Vertebrae scored from 0-4, with ³u´used for unobservable. ³Grade I: Only small scattered hyperostoses are found Grade II:
Protrusions of bone in a more or less horizontal direction from corpus vertebrae.Grade III: Theosteophytes have a characteristic bird¶s beak shape. Usually the free end of the osteophyte curves
away from discus. It may curve towards discus, resulting in a more or less intimate contact with
the osteophytes on the other side of discus .Grade IV: The osteophytes from adjacent vertebraefuse, forming a bone bridge across the intervening discus´ (Säger 1969: 58). All aspects of thevertebrae are scored: SVB: superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior vertebral body, SRF: superior
vertebral body, IRF: inferior vertebral body. Ondontids ares scored for C1¶s as well.
Burial Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF SLF IRF ILF
17 C1 Ondontid- 1 0 1 0 0
49 C1 u 1 1 1 1
55 C1 1 1 1 1 1
56 C1 1 0 0 0 0
61 C1 1 1 1 1 1
67 C1 1 0 0 0 0
34 C1 0 0 0 0 0
15 C1 0 1 0 1 1
35 C1 0 1 0 1 1
65 C1 2 0 0 0 0
68 C1 1 0 0 0 0
80 C1 0 0 0 0 0
101A C1 1 0 0 1 1
107 C1 1 u 1 1 u
113 C1 1 0 0 0 0
17 C2 0 1 0 0 0 0
49 C2 1 1 1 1 1 u
55 C2 1 0 0 0 0 u
56 C2 0 0 0 0 u u
61 C2 1 0 1 1 1 0
67 C2 0 0 0 0 1 0
34 C2 0 0 0 0 1 1
15 C2 0 0 0 1 0 0
35 C2 1 0 0 1 u u
65 C2 0 0 1 0 1 1
67 C2 0 1 u 0 u u
101A C2 1 u u 1 u u
107 C2 0 1 0 0 u 1
113 C2 1 0 0 0 u 1
80 C2 0 0 0 0 0 0
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17 C3 0 1 1 1 1 0
49 C3 0 0 1 1 1 1
55 C3 1 1 1 1 1 1
56 C3 0 1 1 1 1 1
61 C3 0 1 1 1 1 1
67 C3 1 1 1 2 2 1
34 C3 1 1 1 0 0 0
15 C3 0 0 1 1 1 1
35 C3 0 0 0 1 1 1
65 C3 0 0 1 1 1 1
67 C3 1 0 1 1 u 0
107 C3 u 3 1 1 1 u
17 C4 1 0 1 1 1 1
49 C4 0 u 1 1 1 1
55 C4 1 0 1 1 1 1
56 C4 0 1 1 1 1 1
61 C4 1 0 1 1 1 1
67 C4 1 0 u 3 1 1
34 C4 0 0 0 0 1 1
15 C4 0 0 0 0 u u
35 C4 1 0 1 1 1 1
65 C4 0 1 1 1 1 1
67 C4 0 0 0 0 0 0
107 C4 3 3 2 2 2 2
17 C5 1 1 1 1 1 1
49 C5 0 1 1 1 1 1
55 C5 1 0 1 1 1 1
56 C5 0 0 1 1 1 1
61 C5 1 1 1 1 1 1
67 C5 0 0 1 1 1 0
34 C5 1 2 0 0 0 0
15 C5 u u 1 1 1 135 C5 0 1 1 1 1 1
107 C5 3 3 3 3 1 1
65 C5
17 C6 1 2 1 2 2 2
49 C6 0 1 1 1 1 1
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55 C6 0 0 1 1 1 1
56 C6 u u 1 1 1 1
61 C6 1 1 1 0 u 1
67 C6 0 1 0 u u u
34 C6 1 1 1 1 u u
15 C6 0 0 u u 1 1
35 C6 u u 1 1 0 0
65 C6 0 1 1 1 1 1
107 C6 u u 2 2 1 1
17 C7 2 0 2 2 1 1
49 C7 1 0 u 1 1 1
55 C7 1 u 1 1 u u
56 C7 u u u 1 0 0
61 C7 1 0 1 1 1 0
34 C7 0 1 u u 0 0
15 C7 1 1 0 0 1 1
35 C7 1 0 1 1 1 1
65 C7 1 0 1 1 1 1
107 C7 1 2 u 1 1 1
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Appendix Table 11: Male 35+ Cervicals Sclerosis. Vertebrae scored from 0-4, with a ³u´ used
for unobservable. 0=absent, 1=sclerosis, 2=sclerosis with some eburnation visible 3=eburnation,
more extensive than sclerosis and 4=extreme eburnation (Derevenski et al. 2000: 341). In
practice, a score of 4 was never used. All aspects of the vertebrae are scored: SVB: superior
vertebral body, IVB: inferior vertebral body, SRF: superior vertebral body, IRF: inferior
vertebral body. Ondontids are scored for C1¶s as well.
Burial Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF SLF IRF ILF
17 C1
0 0 0 0 0 0
49 C1
0 0 0 0 0 0
55 C1
0 0 0 0 0 0
56 C10 0 0 0 0 0
61 C1
0 0 0 0 0 0
67 C1
0 0 0 0 0 0
34 C1
0 0 0 0 0 0
15 C1
0 0 0 0 0 0
35 C1
0 0 0 u 0 0
65 C10 0 0 0 0 0
68 C1
0 0 0 0 0 0
80 C1
0 0 0 0 0 0
101A C1
0 0 0 0 0 0
107 C1
0 0 0 0 0 0
113 C1
0 0 0 0 0 0
17 C2
0 0 0 0 0 0
49 C2
0 0 0 0 0 0
55 C2
0 0 u 0 0 0
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56 C2
0 0 u u 0 0
61 C2
0 0 0 0 0 0
67 C2
0 0 0 1 0 0
34 C2
0 0 0 0 0 0
15 C2
0 0 0 0 0 0
35 C2
0 0 u u 0 0
65 C2
u 0 0 u u 0
67 C2
0 0 0 1 0 0
101A C2
u 0 u u u 0
107 C2
0 0 0 1 0 0
113 C2
0 0 0 0 0 0
80 C2
0 0 0 0 0 0
17 C3
1 0 0 0 1 0
49C3
0 0 0 0 0 0
55 C3
1 0 0 0 1 0
56 C3
u 0 u 0 u 0
61 C3
0 0 0 0 0 0
67 C3
1 1 0 1 1 1
34 C3
1 0 0 u 1 0
15 C3
1 0 0 0 1 0
35 C3
0 0 0 0 0 0
65 C3
0 0 0 0 0 0
67 C3
1 1 0 1 1 1
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107 C3
0 1 0 u 0 1
17 C4
1 1 0 0 1 1
49 C4
0 0 0 0 0 0
55 C4
1 1 0 0 1 1
56 C4
0 0 0 0 0 0
61 C4
0 0 0 0 0 0
67 C4
u 1 0 1 u 1
34 C4
1 0 0 0 1 0
15 C4
1 0 0 1 1 0
35 C4
0 0 0 0 0 0
65 C4
0 1 0 0 0 1
67 C4
u 1 0 1 u 1
107 C4
1 1 2 2 1 1
17 C5
0 1 0 1 0 1
49 C5
0 0 0 0 0 0
55 C5
0 1 0 0 0 1
56 C5
0 0 0 0 0 0
61 C5
0 1 0 0 0 1
67 C5
u u u u u u
34 C5
1 1 0 0 1 1
15 C5
0 0 0 0 0 0
35 C5
1 0 0 0 1 0
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107 C5
2 0 0 1 2 0
65 C5
1 1 0 0 1 1
17 C6
0 1 0 0 0 1
49 C6
0 0 0 0 0 0
55 C6
1 0 0 0 1 0
56 C6
0 0 0 0 0 0
61 C6
1 1 0 0 1 1
67 C6
0 1 1 1 0 1
34 C6
0 1 0 u 0 1
15 C6
0 0 0 0 0 0
35 C6
0 0 0 0 0 0
65 C6
1 1 0 0 1 1
107 C6
1 0 1 0 1 0
17 C7
0 0 0 0 0 0
49 C7
u 0 0 0 u 0
55 C7
0 0 u 0 0 0
56 C7
u 1 0 0 u 1
61 C7
1 1 1 0 1 1
34 C7
1 u 0 0 1 u
15 C7
u 0 0 0 u 0
35 C7
0 0 0 0 0 0
65 C7
1 u u 0 1 u
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107 C7
1 0 0 0 1 0
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Appendix Table 12: Male 35+ Cervicals Remodeling. Vertebrae scored from 0-4, with a ³u´
used for unobservable. Score O was given when the inferior margin of the superior articular
facet is sharp and distinct, and has no increased surface area extending onto the lamina, or
downwards (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al. 2008). Score 1 was given when the inferior margin of the
superior articular facet is indistinct and slightly warped without a sharp margin. The facet has an
increased surface area extending downwards onto the proceeding vertebra¶s lamina (Rojas- Sepúlveda
et al. 2008). For score 2, there is a newly formed small bony shelf on the lamina of the proceeding
vertebrae, which acts to support the inferior articular process of the upper vertebra (Rojas- Sepúlveda et
al. 2008). Score 3, as in stage 2, is characterized by a significantly larger bony shelf extending
downwards into the laminal groove and outwards onto the transverse process of the proceeding vertebra.
The superior margin of the superior articular process is rounded anteriorally. The inferior articular facet
of the preceding vertebra has indistinct margins and fits together with the articular facet of the proceeding
vertebrae as a lock and key, or a puzzle piece. Lastly the facets of proceeding and preceding
vertebrae are extremely warped and fused together (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al. 2008). In addition, I
used the score of ³unobservable´ for individual facets that were damaged, and a score of 4 for
cases of extreme remodeling displaying fusion with adjacent vertebrae (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al.
2008). All aspects of the vertebrae are scored: SVB: superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior
vertebral body, SRF: superior vertebral body, IRF: inferior vertebral body. Ondontids are scored
for C1¶s as well.
Burial Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF SLF IRF ILF
17 C1
0 0 0 0 0 0
49 C1
0 0 0 0 0 0
55 C1
0 0 0 0 0 0
56 C1
0 0 0 0 0 0
61 C1
0 0 0 0 0 0
67 C1
0 0 0 0 0 0
34 C10 0 0 0 0 0
15 C1
0 0 0 0 0 0
35 C1
0 0 0 0 0 0
65 C1
0 0 0 0 0 0
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68 C1
0 0 0 0 0 0
80 C1
0 0 0 0 0 0
101A C1
0 0 0 0 0 0
107 C1
0 0 0 0 0 0
113 C1
1 u 0 0 1 u
17 C2
0 1 0 1 0 1
49 C2
0 0 u 1 0 0
55 C2
0 0 0 0 0 0
56 C2
0 0 0 0 0 0
61 C2
1 1 0 0 1 1
67 C2
1 1 1 0 1 1
34 C2
0 0 1 0 0 0
15 C2
1 0 1 0 1 0
35C2
0 0 u u 0 0
65 C2
1 1 1 0 1 1
67 C2
0 0 2 0 0 0
101A C2
0 0 0 0 0 0
107 C2
0 0 0 2 0 0
113 C2
0 0 u 0 0 0
80 C2
0 0 1 1 0 0
17 C3
1 0 1 0 1 0
49 C3
0 1 1 0 0 1
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55 C3
0 0 0 1 0 0
56 C3
u 0 u 1 u 0
61 C3
1 1 0 0 1 1
67 C3
1 3 1 3 1 3
34 C3
1 1 1 1 1 1
15 C3
1 1 0 0 1 1
35 C3
1 1 1 1 1 1
65 C3
0 0 0 0 0 0
67 C3
1 3 0 3 1 3
107 C3
1 1 1 1 1 1
17 C4
1 1 1 1 1 1
49 C4
0 1 1 1 0 1
55 C4
0 1 0 1 0 1
56C4
1 1 0 0 1 1
61 C4
0 0 1 1 0 0
67 C4
1 3 1 1 1 3
34 C4
1 1 0 1 1 1
15 C4
1 1 1 1 1 1
35 C4
0 1 0 0 0 1
65 C4
1 1 0 0 1 1
67 C4
3 3 0 1 3 3
107 C4
3 1 1 1 3 1
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17 C5
2 1 1 3 2 1
49 C5
0 0 0 0 0 0
55 C5
0 0 0 0 0 0
56 C5
0 0 0 0 0 0
61 C5
0 0 0 0 0 0
67 C5
1 2 1 0 1 2
34 C5
0 0 0 0 0 0
15 C5
u u u u u u
35 C5
2 2 0 0 2 2
107 C5
1 1 1 1 1 1
65 C5
0 0 0 0 0 0
17 C6
1 3 2 2 1 3
49 C6
0 0 1 1 0 0
55C6
0 0 0 0 0 0
56 C6
0 0 0 0 0 0
61 C6
0 1 0 0 0 1
67 C6
2 0 u u 2 0
34 C6
1 1 1 1 1 1
15 C6
0 1 1 1 0 1
35 C6
2 0 0 0 2 0
65 C6
0 0 0 0 0 0
107 C6
1 1 2 1 1 1
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17 C7
1 1 1 1 1 1
49 C7
1 1 1 2 1 1
55 C7
0 0 0 0 0 0
56 C7
0 0 0 0 0 0
61 C7
1 1 0 0 1 1
34 C7
0 u 0 0 0 u
15 C7
1 1 1 1 1 1
35 C7
0 0 0 0 0 0
65 C7
u 1 0 0 u 1
107 C7
1 0 1 1 1 0
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Appendix Table 13: Female 18-35 Thoracic 1-6 Osteophytosis. Vertebrae scored from 0-4,
with ³u´ used for unobservable. ³Grade I: Only small scattered hyperostoses are found Grade II:
Protrusions of bone in a more or less horizontal direction from corpus vertebrae.Grade III: The
osteophytes have a characteristic bird¶s beak shape. Usually the free end of the osteophyte curves
away from discus. It may curve towards discus, resulting in a more or less intimate contact with
the osteophytes on the other side of discus .Grade IV: The osteophytes from adjacent vertebrae
fuse, forming a bone bridge across the intervening discus´ (Säger 1969: 58). All aspects of the
vertebrae are scored: SVB: superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior vertebral body, SRF: superior
vertebral body, IRF: inferior vertebral body.
Burial Vertebrae
Osteophytosis-
SVB IVB SRF SLF IRF ILF
54A T1 u u 1 0 0 0
90 T1 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 T1 0 0 0 0 1 u
38 T1 0 0 0 0 0 0
54A T2 u u u 0 0 1
901 T2 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 T2 0 0 0 0 1 u
38 T2 0 0 0 0 0 0
54A T3 u u 0 0 0 0
901 T3 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 T3
38 T3 0 0 u 0 0 0
54A T4 0 0 0 0 0 0
901 T4 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 T4 0 0 0 0 0 u
38 T4 0 0 0 0 0 0
54A T5 u u 0 0 0 0
901 T5 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 T5 u u u u u u
38 T5 0 0 0 0 0 0
54A T6 0 u 0 0 0 0
901 T6 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 T6 u u u u u u
38 T6 0 0 0 0 0 0
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Appendix Table 14: Female 18-35 Thoracic 1-6 Sclerosis. Vertebrae scored from 0-4, with a
³u´ used for unobservable. 0=absent, 1=sclerosis, 2=sclerosis with some eburnation visible
3=eburnation, more extensive than sclerosis and 4=extreme eburnation (Derevenski et al. 2000:
341). In practice, a score of 4 was never used. All aspects of the vertebrae are scored: SVB:
superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior vertebral body, SRF: superior vertebral body, IRF: inferior
vertebral body.
Burial Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF SLF IRF ILF
54A
T1 0 0 0 0 0 0
90
T1 0 0 0 0 0 0
1
T1 0 u 0 u 0 u
38
T1 0 0 0 0 0 0
54A
T2 0 0 0 0 0 0
901
T2 0 0 0 0 0 0
1
T2 1 0 0 0 1 0
38
T2 0 0 0 0 0 0
54A
T3 0 0 0 0 0 0
901
T3 0 0 0 0 0 0
1
T3 0 0 1 0 0 0
38
T3 0 0 0 0 0 0
54A
T4 0 0 0 0 0 0
901
T4 0 0 0 0 0 0
1
T4 0 u 0 0 0 u
38
T4 0 0 0 0 0 0
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54A
T5 0 0 0 0 0 0
901
T5 0 0 0 0 0 0
1
T5 u u u u u u
38
T5 0 0 0 0 0 0
54A
T6 0 0 0 0 0 0
901
T6 0 0 0 0 0 0
1
T6 u u u u u u
38
T6 0 0 0 0 0 0
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Appendix Table 15: Female 18-35 Thoracic 1-6 Remodeling. Vertebrae scored from 0-4, with
a ³u´ used for unobservable. Score O was given when the inferior margin of the superior
articular facet is sharp and distinct, and has no increased surface area extending onto the lamina,
or downwards (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al. 2008). Score 1 was given when the inferior margin of the
superior articular facet is indistinct and slightly warped without a sharp margin. The facet has an
increased surface area extending downwards onto the proceeding vertebra¶s lamina (Rojas- Sepúlveda
et al. 2008). For score 2, there is a newly formed small bony shelf on the lamina of the proceeding
vertebrae, which acts to support the inferior articular process of the upper vertebra (Rojas- Sepúlveda et
al. 2008). Score 3, as in stage 2, is characterized by a significantly larger bony shelf extending
downwards into the laminal groove and outwards onto the transverse process of the proceeding vertebra.
The superior margin of the superior articular process is rounded anteriorally. The inferior articular facet
of the preceding vertebra has indistinct margins and fits together with the articular facet of the proceeding
vertebrae as a lock and key, or a puzzle piece. Lastly the facets of proceeding and preceding
vertebrae are extremely warped and fused together (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al. 2008). In addition, I
used the score of ³unobservable´ for individual facets that were damaged, and a score of 4 for
cases of extreme remodeling displaying fusion with adjacent vertebrae (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al.
2008). All aspects of the vertebrae are scored: SVB: superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior
vertebral body, SRF: superior vertebral body, IRF: inferior vertebral body. Ondontids are scored
for C1¶s as well.
Burial Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF SLF IRF ILF
54A
T1 0 0 0 0 0 0
90
T1 0 0 0 0 0 0
1
T1 0 u 0 0 0 u
38
T1 0 1 0 0 0 1
54A
T2 0 0 0 0 0 0
901
T2 0 0 0 0 0 0
1
T2 0 1 1 1 0 1
38
T2 0 0 0 0 0 0
54A
T3 0 0 0 0 0 0
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901
T3 0 0 0 0 0 0
1
T3 0 0 0 0 0 0
38
T3 0 0 u 0 0 0
54A
T4 0 0 0 0 0 0
901
T4 0 0 0 0 0 0
1
T4 0 u 0 0 0 u
38
T4 0 1 0 0 0 1
54A
T5 0 0 0 0 0 0
901
T5 0 0 0 0 0 0
1
T5 u u u u u u
38
T5 u u u u u u
54A
T6 0 0 0 0 0 0
901
T6 0 0 0 0 0 0
1
T6 u u u u u u
38
T6 0 0 1 0 0 0
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Appendix Table 16: Male 18-35 Thoracic 1-6 Osteophytosis. Vertebrae scored from 0-4,
with ³u´ used for unobservable. ³Grade I: Only small scattered hyperostoses are found Grade II:
Protrusions of bone in a more or less horizontal direction from corpus vertebrae.Grade III: The
osteophytes have a characteristic bird¶s beak shape. Usually the free end of the osteophyte curves
away from discus. It may curve towards discus, resulting in a more or less intimate contact with
the osteophytes on the other side of discus .Grade IV: The osteophytes from adjacent vertebrae
fuse, forming a bone bridge across the intervening discus´ (Säger 1969: 58). All aspects of the
vertebrae are scored: SVB: superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior vertebral body, SRF: superior
vertebral body, IRF: inferior vertebral body.
Burial Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF SLF IRF ILF
106 T1 0 0 0 0 0 0
59 T1 0 1 u 0 0 0
96-A T1 0 0 1 1 1 1
33 T1 0 0 0 0 0 0
106 T2 0 0 0 u 1 u
59 T2 0 1 1 0 1 1
96-A T2 0 0 0 0 0 0
33 T2 u u 0 0 0 0
106 T3 u 0 0 0 0 u
59T3 1 1 0 0 u 0
96-A T3 0 0 0 0 0 0
33 T3 0 0 0 0 0 0
106 T4 0 u 0 0 0 0
59 T4 1 0 0 0 1 1
96-A T4 1 0 0 0 0 0
33 T4 0 0 0 0 0 0
106 T5 u u 0 0 0 0
59 T5 u 0 0 1 u u
96-A T5 0 0 0 0 0 0
33 T5 0 0 0 0 0 0
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106: T6 0 0 0 0 0 0
59 T6 0 0 u 1 0 1
96-A T6 1 1 0 0 0 0
33 T6 0 0 0 0 0 0
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Appendix Table 17: Male 18-35 Thoracic 1-6 Sclerosis. Vertebrae scored from 0-4, with a ³u´
used for unobservable. 0=absent, 1=sclerosis, 2=sclerosis with some eburnation visible
3=eburnation, more extensive than sclerosis and 4=extreme eburnation (Derevenski et al. 2000:
341). In practice, a score of 4 was never used. All aspects of the vertebrae are scored: SVB:
superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior vertebral body, SRF: superior vertebral body, IRF: inferior
vertebral body.
Burial Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF SLF IRF ILF
106
T1 0 0 0 0 0 0
59
T1 0 0 0 0 0 0
96-A
T1 0 1 0 0 0 1
33T1 0 0 0 0 0 0
106
T2 0 0 0 0 0 0
59
T2 0 0 0 0 0 0
96-A
T2 0 0 0 0 0 0
33T2 0 0 0 0 0 0
106
T3 0 0 0 0 0 0
59
T3 0 0 0 0 0 0
96-A
T3 0 0 0 0 0 0
33
T3 0 0 0 0 0 0
106
T4 0 0 0 0 0 0
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59
T4 0 0 0 0 0 0
96-A
T4 0 0 0 0 0 0
33
T4 0 0 0 0 0 0
106
T5 0 0 0 0 0 0
59
T5 0 0 0 0 0 0
96-A
T5 0 0 1 0 0 0
33
T5 0 0 0 0 0 0
106:
T6 0 0 0 0 0 0
59
T6 0 0 0 0 0 0
96-A
T6 0 0 0 0 0 0
33
T6 0 0 0 0 0 0
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Appendix Table 18: Male 18-35 Thoracic 1-6 Remodeling. Vertebrae scored from 0-4, with a
³u´ used for unobservable. Score O was given when the inferior margin of the superior articular
facet is sharp and distinct, and has no increased surface area extending onto the lamina, or
downwards (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al. 2008). Score 1 was given when the inferior margin of the
superior articular facet is indistinct and slightly warped without a sharp margin. The facet has an
increased surface area extending downwards onto the proceeding vertebra¶s lamina (Rojas- Sepúlveda
et al. 2008). For score 2, there is a newly formed small bony shelf on the lamina of the proceeding
vertebrae, which acts to support the inferior articular process of the upper vertebra (Rojas- Sepúlveda et
al. 2008). Score 3, as in stage 2, is characterized by a significantly larger bony shelf extending
downwards into the laminal groove and outwards onto the transverse process of the proceeding vertebra.
The superior margin of the superior articular process is rounded anteriorally. The inferior articular facet
of the preceding vertebra has indistinct margins and fits together with the articular facet of the proceeding
vertebrae as a lock and key, or a puzzle piece. Lastly the facets of proceeding and preceding
vertebrae are extremely warped and fused together (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al. 2008). In addition, I
used the score of ³unobservable´ for individual facets that were damaged, and a score of 4 for
cases of extreme remodeling displaying fusion with adjacent vertebrae (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al.
2008). All aspects of the vertebrae are scored: SVB: superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior
vertebral body, SRF: superior vertebral body, IRF: inferior vertebral body. Ondontids are scored
for C1¶s as well.
Burial Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF SLF IRF ILF
106
T1 0 0 0 1 0 0
59
T1 0 u 0 0 0 u
96-A
T1 0 1 0 0 0 1
33
T1 0 0 0 0 0 0
106
T2 0 u 1 0 0 u
59T2 0 0 0 0 0 0
96-A
T2 0 0 0 0 0 0
33
T2 1 1 0 0 1 1
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106
T3 u 0 0 0 u 0
59
T3 0 1 0 0 0 1
96-A
T3 0 0 0 0 0 0
33
T3 1 1 0 0 1 1
106
T4 1 1 0 0 1 1
59
T4 2 2 2 1 2 2
96-A
T4 0 0 1 1 0 0
33
T4 0 0 1 1 0 0
106
T5 2 0 1 1 2 0
59
T5 2 2 0 u 2 2
96-A
T5 0 0 0 0 0 0
33
T5 1 1 0 0 1 1
106:
T6 0 u u u 0 u
59
T6 u u u u u u
96-A
T6 0 0 0 0 0 0
33
T6 1 1 1 0 1 1
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Appendix Table 19: Female 35+ Thoracic 1-6 Osteophytosis. Vertebrae scored from 0-4,
with ³u´ used for unobservable. ³Grade I: Only small scattered hyperostoses are found Grade II:
Protrusions of bone in a more or less horizontal direction from corpus vertebrae.Grade III: The
osteophytes have a characteristic bird¶s beak shape. Usually the free end of the osteophyte curves
away from discus. It may curve towards discus, resulting in a more or less intimate contact with
the osteophytes on the other side of discus .Grade IV: The osteophytes from adjacent vertebrae
fuse, forming a bone bridge across the intervening discus´ (Säger 1969: 58). All aspects of the
vertebrae are scored: SVB: superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior vertebral body, SRF: superior
vertebral body, IRF: inferior vertebral body.
Burial Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF SLF IRF ILF
34
T1 0 1 0 1 0 0
80
T1 u u 0 1 0 0
64
T1 0 1 0 0 0 1
34
T2 1 1 0 0 0 0
80
T2 u 0 0 0 0 1
64
T2 0 u 0 0 1 1
34
T3 1 1 0 0 0 0
80
T3 0 0 0 0 1 0
64
T3 u u 0 0 1 1
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34
T4 1 1 0 0 0 0
80
T4 1 1 0 0 u u
64
T4 1 0 2 2 2 2
34
T5 1 1 0 0 0 0
80
T5 1 1 0 0 0 u
64
T5 u u 3 2 1 1
34
T6 0 0 0 0 0 0
80
T6 1 1 0 0 u u
64
T6 u u 0 0 u u
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Appendix Table 20: Female 35+ Thoracic 1-6 Sclerosis. Vertebrae scored from 0-4, with a ³u´
used for unobservable. 0=absent, 1=sclerosis, 2=sclerosis with some eburnation visible
3=eburnation, more extensive than sclerosis and 4=extreme eburnation (Derevenski et al. 2000:
341). In practice, a score of 4 was never used. All aspects of the vertebrae are scored: SVB:
superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior vertebral body, SRF: superior vertebral body, IRF: inferior
vertebral body.
Burial Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF SLF IRF ILF
34
T1 0 1 0 1 0 0
80
T1 u u 0 1 0 0
64
T1 0 1 0 0 0 1
34
T2 1 1 0 0 0 0
80
T2 u 0 0 0 0 1
64
T2 0 u 0 0 1 1
34
T3 1 1 0 0 0 0
80
T3 0 0 0 0 1 0
64
T3 u u 0 0 1 1
34
T4 1 1 0 0 0 0
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80
T4 1 1 0 0 u u
64
T4 1 0 2 2 2 2
34
T5 1 1 0 0 0 0
80
T5 1 1 0 0 0 u
64
T5 u u 3 2 1 1
34
T6 0 0 0 0 0 0
80
T6 1 1 0 0 u u
64
T6 u u 0 0 u u
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Appendix Table 21: Female 35+ Thoracic 1-6 Remodeling. Vertebrae scored from 0-4, with a
³u´ used for unobservable. Score O was given when the inferior margin of the superior articular
facet is sharp and distinct, and has no increased surface area extending onto the lamina, or
downwards (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al. 2008). Score 1 was given when the inferior margin of the
superior articular facet is indistinct and slightly warped without a sharp margin. The facet has an
increased surface area extending downwards onto the proceeding vertebra¶s lamina (Rojas- Sepúlveda
et al. 2008). For score 2, there is a newly formed small bony shelf on the lamina of the proceeding
vertebrae, which acts to support the inferior articular process of the upper vertebra (Rojas- Sepúlveda et
al. 2008). Score 3, as in stage 2, is characterized by a significantly larger bony shelf extending
downwards into the laminal groove and outwards onto the transverse process of the proceeding vertebra.
The superior margin of the superior articular process is rounded anteriorally. The inferior articular facet
of the preceding vertebra has indistinct margins and fits together with the articular facet of the proceeding
vertebrae as a lock and key, or a puzzle piece. Lastly the facets of proceeding and preceding
vertebrae are extremely warped and fused together (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al. 2008). In addition, I
used the score of ³unobservable´ for individual facets that were damaged, and a score of 4 for
cases of extreme remodeling displaying fusion with adjacent vertebrae (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al.
2008). All aspects of the vertebrae are scored: SVB: superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior
vertebral body, SRF: superior vertebral body, IRF: inferior vertebral body. Ondontids are scored
for C1¶s as well.
Burial Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF SLF IRF ILF
34
T1 1 1 1 0 1 1
80
T1 0 0 0 0 0 0
64
T1 0 0 0 0 0 0
34 T2 1 0 0 0 1 0
80
T2 0 0 0 0 0 0
64
T2 0 0 0 0 0 0
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34
T3 0 0 0 1 0 0
80
T3 0 1 0 0 0 1
64
T3 2 1 2 2 2 1
34
T4 0 1 1 1 0 1
80T4 0 0 0 0 0 0
64
T4 3 3 3 u 3 3
34
T5 0 1 1 1 0 1
80
T5 0 0 1 0 0 0
64
T5 3 1 1 1 3 1
34
T6 1 1 1 u 1 1
80
T6 0 0 1 0 0 0
64
T6 1 1 u u 1 1
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Appendix Table 22: Male 35+ Thoracic 1-6 Osteophytosis. Vertebrae scored from 0-4, with
³u´ used for unobservable. ³Grade I: Only small scattered hyperostoses are found Grade II:
Protrusions of bone in a more or less horizontal direction from corpus vertebrae.Grade III: The
osteophytes have a characteristic bird¶s beak shape. Usually the free end of the osteophyte curves
away from discus. It may curve towards discus, resulting in a more or less intimate contact with
the osteophytes on the other side of discus .Grade IV: The osteophytes from adjacent vertebrae
fuse, forming a bone bridge across the intervening discus´ (Säger 1969: 58). All aspects of the
vertebrae are scored: SVB: superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior vertebral body, SRF: superior
vertebral body, IRF: inferior vertebral body.
Burial Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF IRF SLF ILF
17 T1 0 0 2 2 1 1
49 T1 u u 1 1 u 1
55 T1 1 u 1 1 1 1
61 T1 0 1 1 1 1 1
87 T1 1 1 0 1 1 1
15 T1 0 1 1 0 1 1
17 T2 0 1 1 1 1 1
49 T2 0 0 0 2 2 1
55 T2 u 1 1 1 1 1
61 T2 0 1 1 1 1 1
87 T2 0 0 0 1 u 1
15 T2 1 1 0 0 0 2
17 T3 1 1 1 1 1 1
49 T3 0 0 2 1 1 1
55 T3 1 1 1 1 1 1
61 T3 1 2 2 1 1 1
87 T3 u 0 1 1 1 1
15 T3 0 1 1 2 1 1
17 T4 1 1 0 0 0 0
49 T4 0 u 1 1 1 1
55 T4 1 1 1 1 1 1
61 T4 u 0 1 1 1 1
87 T4 1 1 1 0 0 0
15 T4 1 1 1 1 u 1
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17 T5 1 1 0 0 2 2
49 T5 u u 2 1 1 1
55 T5 1 0 1 1 0 1
61 T5 0 1 1 1 1 1
87 T5 0 u 2 1 u u
15 T5 1 2 1 1 1 0
17 T6 1 1 2 0 1 1
49 T6 u u 1 1 1 1
55 T6 1 2 1 0 0 1
61 T6 0 0 0 0 0 0
87 T6 0 0 0 1 u u
15 T6 2 2 1 1 2 0
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Appendix Table 23: Male 35+ Thoracic 1-6 Sclerosis. Vertebrae scored from 0-4, with a ³u´
used for unobservable. 0=absent, 1=sclerosis, 2=sclerosis with some eburnation visible
3=eburnation, more extensive than sclerosis and 4=extreme eburnation (Derevenski et al. 2000:
341). In practice, a score of 4 was never used. All aspects of the vertebrae are scored: SVB:superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior vertebral body, SRF: superior vertebral body, IRF: inferior
vertebral body.
Burial Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF IRF SLF ILF
17
T1 1 0 0 0 1 0
49
T1 0 1 u 1 0 1
55
T1 0 0 0 0 0 0
61T1 0 0 0 0 0 0
87
T1 0 0 0 0 0 0
15
T1 0 0 0 0 0 0
17
T2 0 0 0 0 0 0
49
T2 0 0 0 0 0 0
55T2 0 0 u 0 0 0
61
T2 1 0 0 0 1 0
87
T2 0 0 0 0 0 0
15
T2 0 0 0 0 0 0
17
T3 0 0 0 0 0 0
49T3 0 0 0 0 0 0
55
T3 0 0 0 0 0 0
61
T3 u 0 0 0 u 0
87
T3 0 0 0 0 0 0
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15
T3 0 0 0 0 0 0
17
T4 0 0 0 0 0 0
49
T4 0 0 0 0 0 0
55
T4 0 0 0 0 0 0
61
T4 0 0 0 0 0 0
87
T4 0 0 0 0 0 0
15
T4 0 0 0 0 0 0
17
T5 0 0 1 0 0 0
49
T5 0 0 0 0 0 0
55
T5 0 0 0 1 0 0
61
T5 1 1 1 1 1 1
87
T5 0 0 0 u 0 0
15
T5 0 0 0 0 0 0
17
T6 0 0 0 0 0 0
49
T6 0 0 0 0 0 0
55
T6 0 0 0 0 0 0
61
T6 0 1 0 0 0 1
87
T6 0 0 0 u 0 0
15
T6 0 0 0 0 0 0
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Appendix Table 24: Female 35+ Thoracic 1-6 Remodeling. Vertebrae scored from 0-4, with a
³u´ used for unobservable. Score O was given when the inferior margin of the superior articular
facet is sharp and distinct, and has no increased surface area extending onto the lamina, or
downwards (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al. 2008). Score 1 was given when the inferior margin of the
superior articular facet is indistinct and slightly warped without a sharp margin. The facet has an
increased surface area extending downwards onto the proceeding vertebra¶s lamina (Rojas- Sepúlveda
et al. 2008). For score 2, there is a newly formed small bony shelf on the lamina of the proceeding
vertebrae, which acts to support the inferior articular process of the upper vertebra (Rojas- Sepúlveda et
al. 2008). Score 3, as in stage 2, is characterized by a significantly larger bony shelf extending
downwards into the laminal groove and outwards onto the transverse process of the proceeding vertebra.
The superior margin of the superior articular process is rounded anteriorally. The inferior articular facet
of the preceding vertebra has indistinct margins and fits together with the articular facet of the proceeding
vertebrae as a lock and key, or a puzzle piece. Lastly the facets of proceeding and preceding
vertebrae are extremely warped and fused together (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al. 2008). In addition, I
used the score of ³unobservable´ for individual facets that were damaged, and a score of 4 for
cases of extreme remodeling displaying fusion with adjacent vertebrae (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al.
2008). All aspects of the vertebrae are scored: SVB: superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior
vertebral body, SRF: superior vertebral body, IRF: inferior vertebral body. Ondontids are scored
for C1¶s as well.
Burial Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF IRF SLF ILF
17
T1 2 2 0 1 2 2
49
T1 0 0 1 0 0 0
55
T1 1 0 0 0 1 0
61
T1
87
T1 1 1 0 0 1 1
15
T1 0 0 0 0 0 0
17
T2 1 1 0 0 1 1
49
T2 0 0 1 0 0 0
55
T2 0 1 0 0 0 1
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T2
87
T2 0 1 0 0 0 1
15
T2 0 0 0 2 0 0
17
T3 1 1 0 1 1 1
49
T3 2 1 0 0 2 1
55
T3 1 0 0 0 1 0
61
T3
87
T3 0 1 0 0 0 1
15
T3 0 3 0 0 0 3
17
T4 1 1 0 0 1 1
49
T4 2 1 0 0 2 1
55
T4 1 1 0 0 1 1
61
T4
87
T4 0 1 0 0 0 1
15
T4 0 0 0 0 0 0
17
T5 0 0 1 0 0 0
49
T5 1 1 0 0 1 1
55
T5 1 1 0 0 1 1
61
T5
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87
T5 0 0 0 u 0 0
15
T5 0 0 0 0 0 0
17
T6 2 0 0 1 2 0
49
T6 0 1 0 0 0 1
55
T6 1 1 0 0 1 1
61
T6
87
T6 0 1 0 0 0 1
15
T6 0 1 1 0 0 1
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Appendix Table 25: Female 18-35 Thoracics 7-12 Osteophytosis. Vertebrae scored from 0-4,
with ³u´ used for unobservable. ³Grade I: Only small scattered hyperostoses are found Grade II:
Protrusions of bone in a more or less horizontal direction from corpus vertebrae.Grade III: The
osteophytes have a characteristic bird¶s beak shape. Usually the free end of the osteophyte curves
away from discus. It may curve towards discus, resulting in a more or less intimate contact with
the osteophytes on the other side of discus .Grade IV: The osteophytes from adjacent vertebrae
fuse, forming a bone bridge across the intervening discus´ (Säger 1969: 58). All aspects of the
vertebrae are scored: SVB: superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior vertebral body, SRF: superior
vertebral body, IRF: inferior vertebral body.
Burial Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF SLF IRF ILF
54A T7 u u 1 0 u 0
76 T7 1 1 0 0 0 1
54A T8 u u 0 0 0 0
76 T8 u u 1 1 0 1
54A T9 u u 0 0 1 0
76 T9 u u 1 1 1 2
1 T9 0 1 u 0 0 1
38 T9 0 0 0 0 0 0
54A T10 u u 0 0 1 0
76 T10 u 1 1 2 1 1
1 T10 0 0 0 0 0 0
38 T10 0 0 0 0 0 0
54A T11 u u 0 0 0 1
76 T11 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 T11 0 0 0 0 1 1
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38 T11 0 0 0 0 0 0
54A T12 u u 0 2 1 1
76 T12 u u 1 2 0 2
1 T12 0 u 1 0 1 0
38 T12 0 0 0 0 0 0
57 T12 0 0 0 1 2 2
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Appendix Table 26: Female 18-35 Thoracic 1-6 Sclerosis. Vertebrae scored from 0-4, with a
³u´ used for unobservable. 0=absent, 1=sclerosis, 2=sclerosis with some eburnation visible
3=eburnation, more extensive than sclerosis and 4=extreme eburnation (Derevenski et al. 2000:
341). In practice, a score of 4 was never used. All aspects of the vertebrae are scored: SVB:
superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior vertebral body, SRF: superior vertebral body, IRF: inferior
vertebral body.
Burial Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF SLF IRF ILF
54A
T7 0 0 0 0 0 0
76
T7 2 2 0 0 2 2
54A
T8 0 0 0 0 0 0
76
T8 0 0 u 0 0 0
54A
T9 0 0 0 0 0 0
76
T9 1 0 1 2 1 0
1
T9 0 0 0 0 0 0
38
T9 0 0 0 0 0 0
54A
T10 0 0 0 0 0 0
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76
T10 1 2 0 0 1 2
1
T10 0 0 0 0 0 0
38
T10 0 0 0 0 0 0
54A
T11 0 0 0 0 0 0
76
T11 0 0 1 1 0 0
1
T11 0 0 0 0 0 0
38
T11 0 0 0 0 0 0
54A
T12 0 0 0 0 0 0
76
T12 1 1 u 1 1 1
1
T12 0 0 0 0 0 0
38
T12 0 0 0 0 0 0
57
T12 0 0 0 0 0 0
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Appendix Table 27: Female 18-35 Thoracic 1-6 Remodeling. Vertebrae scored from 0-4, with
a ³u´ used for unobservable. Score O was given when the inferior margin of the superior
articular facet is sharp and distinct, and has no increased surface area extending onto the lamina,
or downwards (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al. 2008). Score 1 was given when the inferior margin of the
superior articular facet is indistinct and slightly warped without a sharp margin. The facet has an
increased surface area extending downwards onto the proceeding vertebra¶s lamina (Rojas- Sepúlveda
et al. 2008). For score 2, there is a newly formed small bony shelf on the lamina of the proceeding
vertebrae, which acts to support the inferior articular process of the upper vertebra (Rojas- Sepúlveda et
al. 2008). Score 3, as in stage 2, is characterized by a significantly larger bony shelf extending
downwards into the laminal groove and outwards onto the transverse process of the proceeding vertebra.
The superior margin of the superior articular process is rounded anteriorally. The inferior articular facet
of the preceding vertebra has indistinct margins and fits together with the articular facet of the proceeding
vertebrae as a lock and key, or a puzzle piece. Lastly the facets of proceeding and preceding
vertebrae are extremely warped and fused together (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al. 2008). In addition, I
used the score of ³unobservable´ for individual facets that were damaged, and a score of 4 for
cases of extreme remodeling displaying fusion with adjacent vertebrae (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al.
2008). All aspects of the vertebrae are scored: SVB: superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior
vertebral body, SRF: superior vertebral body, IRF: inferior vertebral body. Ondontids are scored
for C1¶s as well.
Burial Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF SLF IRF ILF
54A
T7 0 0 0 0 0 0
76
T7 0 0 0 0 0 0
54A
T8 1 1 0 0 1 1
76
T8 0 0 0 0 0 0
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54A
T9 0 0 0 0 0 0
76
T9 1 0 1 2 1 0
1
T9 0 0 0 1 0 0
38
T9 0 0 0 0 0 0
54A
T10 0 0 1 0 0 0
76
T10 1 2 0 0 1 2
1
T10 0 0 0 0 0 0
38
T10 0 0 0 0 0 0
54A
T11 1 0 0 2 1 0
76
T11 0 0 1 1 0 0
1
T11 0 0 0 0 0 0
38
T11 0 0 1 0 0 0
54A
T12 0 1 0 0 0 1
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76
T12 1 1 u 1 1 1
1
T12 0 0 0 0 0 0
38
T12 0 0 0 0 0 0
57
T12 0 0 0 0 0 0
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Appendix Table 28: Male 18-35 Thoracic 1-6 Osteophytosis. Vertebrae scored from 0-4, with
³u´ used for unobservable. ³Grade I: Only small scattered hyperostoses are found Grade II:
Protrusions of bone in a more or less horizontal direction from corpus vertebrae.Grade III: The
osteophytes have a characteristic bird¶s beak shape. Usually the free end of the osteophyte curves
away from discus. It may curve towards discus, resulting in a more or less intimate contact with
the osteophytes on the other side of discus .Grade IV: The osteophytes from adjacent vertebrae
fuse, forming a bone bridge across the intervening discus´ (Säger 1969: 58). All aspects of the
vertebrae are scored: SVB: superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior vertebral body, SRF: superior
vertebral body, IRF: inferior vertebral body.
Burial Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF IRF SLF
T7 T7
33 T7 u u 0 0 0
106 T7 u 1 0 0 0
59 T7 0 0 u 1 1
97 T7 1 0 0 0 0
T8 T8
33 T8 u 0 0 0 0
106 T8 1 u 0 0 0
59 T8 0 0 0 1 u
97 T8 1 0 0 0 0
T9 T9
33 T9 0 0 0 1 0
106 T9 u u 0 0 0
59 T9 0 1 0 0 0
97 T9 1 1 1 1 0
T10 T10
33 T10 0 0 0 0 0
106 T10 u u 0 0 0
59 T10 1 2 1 2 2
97 T10 0 1 0 0 1
T11 T11
33 T11 0 0 0 0 0
106 T11 u u 0 u 1
59 T11 1 1 2 2 2
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97 T11 0 0 0 0 1
T12 T12
33 T12 u 0 0 0 0
106 T12 0 1 0 u u
59 T12 0 1 0 u u
97 T12 0 0 1 1 1
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Appendix Table 29: Male 18-35 Thoracic 1-6 Sclerosis. Vertebrae scored from 0-4, with a ³u´
used for unobservable. 0=absent, 1=sclerosis, 2=sclerosis with some eburnation visible
3=eburnation, more extensive than sclerosis and 4=extreme eburnation (Derevenski et al. 2000:
341). In practice, a score of 4 was never used. All aspects of the vertebrae are scored: SVB:
superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior vertebral body, SRF: superior vertebral body, IRF: inferior
vertebral body.
Burial Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF IRF SLF
T7
T7 0 0 0 0 0
33
T7 0 0 0 0 0
106
T7 0 1 0 0 0
59
T7 0 0 0 0 0
97T7
T8
T8 0 0 0 0 0
33
T8 0 0 1 0 0
106
T8 0 0 u u 0
59
T8 0 0 0 0 0
97T8
T9
T9 0 0 0 0 0
33
T9 0 0 1 1 0
106
T9 u u u u u
59
T9 0 0 0 0 0
97
T9
T10
T10 0 0 1 1 0
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33
T10 0 1 0 0 0
106
T10 1 2 1 1 1
59
T10 0 0 0 0 0
97
T10
T11
T11 0 0 0 0 0
33
T11 u 0 0 0 u
106
T11 1 1 1 1 1
59
T11 0 0 0 0 0
97
T11
T12
T12 0 0 0 0 0
33
T12 0 0 0 0 0
106
T12 0 u u 0 0
59
T12 0 0 0 0 0
97
T12 0 0 0 0 0
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Appendix Table 30: Male 18-35 Thoracic 1-6 Remodeling. Vertebrae scored from 0-4, with a
³u´ used for unobservable. Score O was given when the inferior margin of the superior articular
facet is sharp and distinct, and has no increased surface area extending onto the lamina, or
downwards (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al. 2008). Score 1 was given when the inferior margin of the
superior articular facet is indistinct and slightly warped without a sharp margin. The facet has an
increased surface area extending downwards onto the proceeding vertebra¶s lamina (Rojas- Sepúlveda
et al. 2008). For score 2, there is a newly formed small bony shelf on the lamina of the proceeding
vertebrae, which acts to support the inferior articular process of the upper vertebra (Rojas- Sepúlveda et
al. 2008). Score 3, as in stage 2, is characterized by a significantly larger bony shelf extending
downwards into the laminal groove and outwards onto the transverse process of the proceeding vertebra.
The superior margin of the superior articular process is rounded anteriorally. The inferior articular facet
of the preceding vertebra has indistinct margins and fits together with the articular facet of the proceeding
vertebrae as a lock and key, or a puzzle piece. Lastly the facets of proceeding and preceding
vertebrae are extremely warped and fused together (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al. 2008). In addition, I
used the score of ³unobservable´ for individual facets that were damaged, and a score of 4 for
cases of extreme remodeling displaying fusion with adjacent vertebrae (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al.
2008). All aspects of the vertebrae are scored: SVB: superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior
vertebral body, SRF: superior vertebral body, IRF: inferior vertebral body. Ondontids are scored
for C1¶s as well.
Burial Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF IRF SLF
T7
T7 0 0 0 0 0
33
T7 1 1 0 0 1
106
T7 u u u u u
59
T7 0 0 1 u 0
T8
T8 0 0 0 0 0
33T8 0 0 0 0 0
106
T8 u u u u u
59
T8 0 u 1 u 0
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T9
T9 0 1 0 1 0
33
T9 1 1 1 0 1
106
T9 u u u u u
59
T9 1 u 0 u 1
T10
T10 0 0 0 1 0
33
T10 0 0 0 0 0
106
T10 2 3 1 1 2
59
T10 0 u 0 u 0
T11
T11 0 0 0 0 0
33
T11 0 0 1 0 0
106
T11 1 1 1 1 1
59
T11 0 u 0 u 0
T12
T12 0 1 1 0 0
33
T12 0 1 0 0 0
106
T12 0 0 u 0 0
59
T12 1 u u u 1
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97
T12 0 0 0 0 0
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Appendix Table 31: Female 35+ Thoracic 1-6 Osteophytosis. Vertebrae scored from 0-4, with
³u´ used for unobservable. ³Grade I: Only small scattered hyperostoses are found Grade II:
Protrusions of bone in a more or less horizontal direction from corpus vertebrae.Grade III: The
osteophytes have a characteristic bird¶s beak shape. Usually the free end of the osteophyte curves
away from discus. It may curve towards discus, resulting in a more or less intimate contact with
the osteophytes on the other side of discus .Grade IV: The osteophytes from adjacent vertebrae
fuse, forming a bone bridge across the intervening discus´ (Säger 1969: 58). All aspects of the
vertebrae are scored: SVB: superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior vertebral body, SRF: superior
vertebral body, IRF: inferior vertebral body.
Burial Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF SLF IRF ILF
34:T1 T1 0 1 0 1 0 0
80:T1 T1 u u 0 1 0 0
64:T1 T1 0 1 0 0 0 1
38:T1 T1
1:T1 T1
34:T2 T2 1 1 0 0 0 0
80:T2 T2 u 0 0 0 0 1
64:T2 T2 0 u 0 0 1 1
38:T2 T2
1:T2 T2
34:T3 T3 1 1 0 0 0 0
80:T3 T3 0 0 0 0 1 0
64:T3 T3 u u 0 0 1 1
38:T3 T3
1:T3 T3
1 1 0 0 0 0
34:T4 T4 1 1 0 0 u u
80:T4 T4 1 0 2 2 2 2
64:T4 T4
38:T4 T4
1:T4 T4
34:T5 T5 1 1 0 0 0 0
80:T5 T5 1 1 0 0 0 u
64:T5 T5 u u 3 2 1 1
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0 0 0 0 0 0
34:T6 T6 1 1 0 0 u u
80:T6 T6 u u 0 0 u u
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Appendix Table 32: Female 35+ Thoracic 1-6 Sclerosis. Vertebrae scored from 0-4, with a ³u´
used for unobservable. 0=absent, 1=sclerosis, 2=sclerosis with some eburnation visible
3=eburnation, more extensive than sclerosis and 4=extreme eburnation (Derevenski et al. 2000:
341). In practice, a score of 4 was never used. All aspects of the vertebrae are scored: SVB:
superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior vertebral body, SRF: superior vertebral body, IRF: inferior
vertebral body.
Burial Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF SLF IRF ILF
34:T1
T1 1 0 0 0 1 0
80:T1
T1 0 0 0 0 0 0
64:T1
T1 0 0 0 0 0 0
38:T1
T1
1:T1T1
34:T2
T2 1 0 0 0 1 0
80:T2
T2 0 0 0 0 0 0
64:T2
T2 0 0 0 0 0 0
38:T2 T2
1:T2
T2
34:T3
T3 0 0 0 0 0 0
80:T3
T3 0 0 0 0 0 0
64:T3
T3 1 1 2 2 1 1
38:T3
T3
1:T3
T3
0 0 u u 0 0
34:T4
T4 0 0 0 0 0 0
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80:T4
T4 2 2 2 u 2 2
64:T4
T4
38:T4
T4
1:T4
T4
0 0 0 0 0 0
34:T5
T5 0 0 0 0 0 0
80:T5
T5 1 1 1 1 1 1
64:T5
T5
0 0 u u 0 0
34:T6
T6 0 0 0 0 0 0
80:T6
T6 0 u u 1 0 u
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Appendix Table 33: Male 18-35 Thoracic 1-6 Remodeling. Vertebrae scored from 0-4, with a
³u´ used for unobservable. Score O was given when the inferior margin of the superior articular
facet is sharp and distinct, and has no increased surface area extending onto the lamina, or
downwards (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al. 2008). Score 1 was given when the inferior margin of the
superior articular facet is indistinct and slightly warped without a sharp margin. The facet has an
increased surface area extending downwards onto the proceeding vertebra¶s lamina (Rojas- Sepúlveda
et al. 2008). For score 2, there is a newly formed small bony shelf on the lamina of the proceeding
vertebrae, which acts to support the inferior articular process of the upper vertebra (Rojas- Sepúlveda et
al. 2008). Score 3, as in stage 2, is characterized by a significantly larger bony shelf extending
downwards into the laminal groove and outwards onto the transverse process of the proceeding vertebra.
The superior margin of the superior articular process is rounded anteriorally. The inferior articular facet
of the preceding vertebra has indistinct margins and fits together with the articular facet of the proceeding
vertebrae as a lock and key, or a puzzle piece. Lastly the facets of proceeding and preceding
vertebrae are extremely warped and fused together (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al. 2008). In addition, I
used the score of ³unobservable´ for individual facets that were damaged, and a score of 4 for
cases of extreme remodeling displaying fusion with adjacent vertebrae (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al.
2008). All aspects of the vertebrae are scored: SVB: superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior
vertebral body, SRF: superior vertebral body, IRF: inferior vertebral body. Ondontids are scored
for C1¶s as well.
Burial Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF SLF IRF ILF
34:T1
T1 1 1 1 0 1 1
80:T1
T1 0 0 0 0 0 0
64:T1
T1 0 0 0 0 0 0
38:T1
T1
1:T1
T1
34:T2 T2 1 0 0 0 1 0
80:T2
T2 0 0 0 0 0 0
64:T2
T2 0 0 0 0 0 0
38:T2
T2
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1:T2
T2
34:T3
T3 0 0 0 1 0 0
80:T3
T3 0 1 0 0 0 1
64:T3
T3 2 1 2 2 2 1
38:T3
T3
1:T3
T3
0 1 1 1 0 1
34:T4
T4 0 0 0 0 0 0
80:T4
T4 3 3 3 u 3 3
64:T4
T4
38:T4
T4
1:T4
T4
0 1 1 1 0 1
34:T5
T5 0 0 1 0 0 0
80:T5
T5 3 1 1 1 3 1
64:T5
T5
1 1 1 u 1 1
34:T6
T6 0 0 1 0 0 0
80:T6
T6 1 1 u u 1 1
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Appendix Table 34: Male 35+ Thoracic 1-6 Osteophytosis. Vertebrae scored from 0-4, with
³u´ used for unobservable. ³Grade I: Only small scattered hyperostoses are found Grade II:
Protrusions of bone in a more or less horizontal direction from corpus vertebrae.Grade III: The
osteophytes have a characteristic bird¶s beak shape. Usually the free end of the osteophyte curves
away from discus. It may curve towards discus, resulting in a more or less intimate contact with
the osteophytes on the other side of discus .Grade IV: The osteophytes from adjacent vertebrae
fuse, forming a bone bridge across the intervening discus´ (Säger 1969: 58). All aspects of the
vertebrae are scored: SVB: superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior vertebral body, SRF: superior
vertebral body, IRF: inferior vertebral body.
Burial Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF IRF SLF ILF
17 T1 0 0 2 2 1 1
49 T1 u u 1 1 u 1
55 T1 1 u 1 1 1 1
61 T1 0 1 1 1 1 1
87 T1 1 1 0 1 1 1
15 T1 0 1 1 0 1 1
17 T2 0 1 1 1 1 1
49 T2 0 0 0 2 2 1
55 T2 u 1 1 1 1 1
61 T2 0 1 1 1 1 1
87 T2 0 0 0 1 u 1
15 T2 1 1 0 0 0 2
17 T3 1 1 1 1 1 1
49 T3 0 0 2 1 1 1
55 T3 1 1 1 1 1 1
61 T3 1 2 2 1 1 1
87 T3 u 0 1 1 1 1
15 T3 0 1 1 2 1 1
17 T4 1 1 0 0 0 0
49 T4 0 u 1 1 1 1
55 T4 1 1 1 1 1 1
61 T4 u 0 1 1 1 1
87 T4 1 1 1 0 0 0
15 T4 1 1 1 1 u 1
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17 T5 1 1 0 0 2 2
49 T5 u u 2 1 1 1
55 T5 1 0 1 1 0 1
61 T5 0 1 1 1 1 1
87 T5 0 u 2 1 u u
15 T5 1 2 1 1 1 0
17 T6 1 1 2 0 1 1
49 T6 u u 1 1 1 1
55 T6 1 2 1 0 0 1
61 T6 0 0 0 0 0 0
87 T6 0 0 0 1 u
15 T6 2 2 1 1 2 0
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Appendix Table 35: Female 35+ Thoracic 1-6 Sclerosis. Vertebrae scored from 0-4, with a ³u´
used for unobservable. 0=absent, 1=sclerosis, 2=sclerosis with some eburnation visible
3=eburnation, more extensive than sclerosis and 4=extreme eburnation (Derevenski et al. 2000:
341). In practice, a score of 4 was never used. All aspects of the vertebrae are scored: SVB:
superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior vertebral body, SRF: superior vertebral body, IRF: inferior
vertebral body.
Burial Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF IRF SLF ILF
17
T1 1 0 0 0 1 0
49
T1 0 1 u 1 0 1
55
T1 0 0 0 0 0 0
61T1 0 0 0 0 0 0
87
T1 0 0 0 0 0 0
15
T1 0 0 0 0 0 0
17
T2 0 0 0 0 0 0
49
T2 0 0 0 0 0 0
55 T2 0 0 u 0 0 0
61
T2 1 0 0 0 1 0
87
T2 0 0 0 0 0 0
15
T2 0 0 0 0 0 0
17
T3 0 0 0 0 0 0
49
T3 0 0 0 0 0 0
55
T3 0 0 0 0 0 0
61
T3 u 0 0 0 u 0
87
T3 0 0 0 0 0 0
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15
T3 0 0 0 0 0 0
17
T4 0 0 0 0 0 0
49
T4 0 0 0 0 0 0
55
T4 0 0 0 0 0 0
61
T4 0 0 0 0 0 0
87
T4 0 0 0 0 0 0
15
T4 0 0 0 0 0 0
17
T5 0 0 1 0 0 0
49
T5 0 0 0 0 0 0
55
T5 0 0 0 1 0 0
61
T5 1 1 1 1 1 1
87
T5 0 0 0 u 0 0
15
T5 0 0 0 0 0 0
17
T6 0 0 0 0 0 0
49
T6 0 0 0 0 0 0
55
T6 0 0 0 0 0 0
61
T6 0 1 0 0 0 1
87
T6 0 0 0 u 0 0
15
T6 0 0 0 0 0 0
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Appendix Table 36: Male 35+ Thoracic 1-6 Remodeling. Vertebrae scored from 0-4, with a
³u´ used for unobservable. Score O was given when the inferior margin of the superior articular
facet is sharp and distinct, and has no increased surface area extending onto the lamina, or
downwards (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al. 2008). Score 1 was given when the inferior margin of the
superior articular facet is indistinct and slightly warped without a sharp margin. The facet has an
increased surface area extending downwards onto the proceeding vertebra¶s lamina (Rojas- Sepúlveda
et al. 2008). For score 2, there is a newly formed small bony shelf on the lamina of the proceeding
vertebrae, which acts to support the inferior articular process of the upper vertebra (Rojas- Sepúlveda et
al. 2008). Score 3, as in stage 2, is characterized by a significantly larger bony shelf extending
downwards into the laminal groove and outwards onto the transverse process of the proceeding vertebra.
The superior margin of the superior articular process is rounded anteriorally. The inferior articular facet
of the preceding vertebra has indistinct margins and fits together with the articular facet of the proceeding
vertebrae as a lock and key, or a puzzle piece. Lastly the facets of proceeding and preceding
vertebrae are extremely warped and fused together (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al. 2008). In addition, I
used the score of ³unobservable´ for individual facets that were damaged, and a score of 4 for
cases of extreme remodeling displaying fusion with adjacent vertebrae (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al.
2008). All aspects of the vertebrae are scored: SVB: superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior
vertebral body, SRF: superior vertebral body, IRF: inferior vertebral body. Ondontids are scored
for C1¶s as well.
Burial Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF IRF SLF ILF
17
T1 2 2 0 1 2 2
49
T1 0 0 1 0 0 0
55
T1 1 0 0 0 1 0
87
T1 1 1 0 0 1 1
15
T1 0 0 0 0 0 0
17 T2 1 1 0 0 1 1
49
T2 0 0 1 0 0 0
55
T2 0 1 0 0 0 1
61
T2
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87
T2 0 1 0 0 0 1
15
T2 0 0 0 2 0 0
17
T3 1 1 0 1 1 1
49
T3 2 1 0 0 2 1
55
T3 1 0 0 0 1 0
87
T3 0 1 0 0 0 1
15
T3 0 3 0 0 0 3
17
T4 1 1 0 0 1 1
49
T4 2 1 0 0 2 1
55
T4 1 1 0 0 1 1
87
T4 0 1 0 0 0 1
15
T4 0 0 0 0 0 0
17
T5 0 0 1 0 0 0
49
T5 1 1 0 0 1 1
55
T5 1 1 0 0 1 1
87
T5 0 0 0 u 0 0
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15
T5 0 0 0 0 0 0
17
T6 2 0 0 1 2 0
49
T6 0 1 0 0 0 1
55
T6 1 1 0 0 1 1
87
T6 0 1 0 0 0 1
15
T6 0 1 1 0 0 1
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Appendix Table 37: Female 18-35 T7-T12 Osteophytosis. Vertebrae scored from 0-4, with ³u´
used for unobservable. ³Grade I: Only small scattered hyperostoses are found Grade II:
Protrusions of bone in a more or less horizontal direction from corpus vertebrae.Grade III: The
osteophytes have a characteristic bird¶s beak shape. Usually the free end of the osteophyte curves
away from discus. It may curve towards discus, resulting in a more or less intimate contact with
the osteophytes on the other side of discus .Grade IV: The osteophytes from adjacent vertebrae
fuse, forming a bone bridge across the intervening discus´ (Säger 1969: 58). All aspects of the
vertebrae are scored: SVB: superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior vertebral body, SRF: superior
vertebral body, IRF: inferior vertebral body.
Burial Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF SLF IRF ILF
54A T6 u u 1 0 u 0
76 T6 1 1 0 0 0 1
54A T7 u u 0 0 0 0
76 T7 u u 1 1 0 1
54A T8 u u 0 0 1 0
76 T8 u u 1 1 1 2
1 T8 0 1 u 0 0 1
38 T8 0 0 0 0 0 0
54A T9 u u 0 0 1 0
76 T9 u 1 1 2 1 1
1 T9 0 0 0 0 0 0
38 T9 0 0 0 0 0 0
54A T10 u u 0 0 0 1
76 T10 1 1 1 1 1 1
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1 T11 0 0 0 0 1 1
38 T11 0 0 0 0 0 0
54A T12 u u 0 2 1 1
76 T12 u u 1 2 0 2
1 T12 0 u 1 0 1 0
38 T12 0 0 0 0 0 0
57 T12 0 0 0 1 2 2
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Appendix Table 38: Female 18-35 Thoracic 7-12 Sclerosis. Vertebrae scored from 0-4, with a
³u´ used for unobservable. 0=absent, 1=sclerosis, 2=sclerosis with some eburnation visible
3=eburnation, more extensive than sclerosis and 4=extreme eburnation (Derevenski et al. 2000:
341). In practice, a score of 4 was never used. All aspects of the vertebrae are scored: SVB:
superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior vertebral body, SRF: superior vertebral body, IRF: inferior
vertebral body.
Burial Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF SLF IRF ILF
54A
T6 0 0 0 0 0 0
76
T6 2 2 0 0 2 2
54A
T7 0 0 0 0 0 0
76
T7 0 0 u 0 0 0
54A
T8 0 0 0 0 0 0
76
T8 1 0 1 2 1 0
1
T8 0 0 0 0 0 0
38
T8 0 0 0 0 0 0
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54A
T9 0 0 0 0 0 0
76
T9 1 2 0 0 1 2
1
T9 0 0 0 0 0 0
38
T9 0 0 0 0 0 0
54A
T10 0 0 0 0 0 0
76
T10 0 0 1 1 0 0
1
T11 0 0 0 0 0 0
38
T11 0 0 0 0 0 0
54A
T12 0 0 0 0 0 0
76
T12 1 1 u 1 1 1
1
T12 0 0 0 0 0 0
38
T12 0 0 0 0 0 0
57
T12 0 0 0 0 0 0
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Appendix Table 39: Female 18-35 Thoracic 7-12 Remodeling. Vertebrae scored from 0-4,
with a ³u´ used for unobservable. Score O was given when the inferior margin of the superior
articular facet is sharp and distinct, and has no increased surface area extending onto the lamina,
or downwards (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al. 2008). Score 1 was given when the inferior margin of the
superior articular facet is indistinct and slightly warped without a sharp margin. The facet has an
increased surface area extending downwards onto the proceeding vertebra¶s lamina (Rojas- Sepúlveda
et al. 2008). For score 2, there is a newly formed small bony shelf on the lamina of the proceeding
vertebrae, which acts to support the inferior articular process of the upper vertebra (Rojas- Sepúlveda et
al. 2008). Score 3, as in stage 2, is characterized by a significantly larger bony shelf extending
downwards into the laminal groove and outwards onto the transverse process of the proceeding vertebra.
The superior margin of the superior articular process is rounded anteriorally. The inferior articular facet
of the preceding vertebra has indistinct margins and fits together with the articular facet of the proceeding
vertebrae as a lock and key, or a puzzle piece. Lastly the facets of proceeding and preceding
vertebrae are extremely warped and fused together (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al. 2008). In addition, I
used the score of ³unobservable´ for individual facets that were damaged, and a score of 4 for
cases of extreme remodeling displaying fusion with adjacent vertebrae (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al.
2008). All aspects of the vertebrae are scored: SVB: superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior
vertebral body, SRF: superior vertebral body, IRF: inferior vertebral body. Ondontids are scored
for C1¶s as well.
Burial Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF SLF IRF ILF
54A
T6 0 0 0 0 0 0
76
T6 0 0 0 0 0 0
54A
T7 1 1 0 0 1 1
76
T7 0 0 0 0 0 0
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54A
T8 0 0 0 0 0 0
76
T8 1 0 1 2 1 0
1
T8 0 0 0 1 0 0
38
T8 0 0 0 0 0 0
54A
T9 0 0 1 0 0 0
76
T9 1 2 0 0 1 2
1
T9 0 0 0 0 0 0
38
T9 0 0 0 0 0 0
54A
T10 1 0 0 2 1 0
76
T10 0 0 1 1 0 0
1
T11 0 0 0 0 0 0
38
T11 0 0 1 0 0 0
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54A
T12 0 1 0 0 0 1
76
T12 1 1 u 1 1 1
1
T12 0 0 0 0 0 0
38
T12 0 0 0 0 0 0
57
T12 0 0 0 0 0 0
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Appendix Table 40: Male 18-35 T7-T12 Osteophytosis. Vertebrae scored from 0-4, with ³u´
used for unobservable. ³Grade I: Only small scattered hyperostoses are found Grade II:
Protrusions of bone in a more or less horizontal direction from corpus vertebrae.Grade III: The
osteophytes have a characteristic bird¶s beak shape. Usually the free end of the osteophyte curves
away from discus. It may curve towards discus, resulting in a more or less intimate contact with
the osteophytes on the other side of discus .Grade IV: The osteophytes from adjacent vertebrae
fuse, forming a bone bridge across the intervening discus´ (Säger 1969: 58). All aspects of the
vertebrae are scored: SVB: superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior vertebral body, SRF: superior
vertebral body, IRF: inferior vertebral body.
Burial Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF IRF SLF ILF
T7
33 T7 u u 0 0 0 0
106 T7 u 1 0 0 0 0
59 T7 0 0 u 1 1 0
97 T7 1 0 0 0 0 0
T8
33 T8 u 0 0 0 0 0
106 T8 1 u 0 0 0 0
59 T8 0 0 0 1 u u
97 T8 1 0 0 0 0 0
T9
33 T9 0 0 0 1 0 0
106 T9 u u 0 0 0 0
59 T9 0 1 0 0 0 0
97 T9 1 1 1 1 0 0
33 T10 0 0 0 0 0 0
106 T10 u u 0 0 0 0
59 T10 1 2 1 2 2 2
97T10 0 1 0 0 1 0
33 T11 0 0 0 0 0 1
106 T11 u u 0 u 1 0
59 T11 1 1 2 2 2 2
97 T11 0 0 0 0 1 1
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33 T12 u 0 0 0 0 0
106 T12 0 1 0 u u 0
59 T12 0 1 0 u u 0
97 T12 0 0 1 1 1 1
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Appendix Table 41: Female 18-35 Thoracic 7-12 Sclerosis. Vertebrae scored from 0-4, with a
³u´ used for unobservable. 0=absent, 1=sclerosis, 2=sclerosis with some eburnation visible
3=eburnation, more extensive than sclerosis and 4=extreme eburnation (Derevenski et al. 2000:
341). In practice, a score of 4 was never used. All aspects of the vertebrae are scored: SVB:
superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior vertebral body, SRF: superior vertebral body, IRF: inferior
vertebral body.
Burial Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF IRF SLF ILF
33
T7 0 0 0 0 0 0
106
T7 0 0 0 0 0 0
59
T7 0 1 0 0 0 1
97
T7 0 0 0 0 0 0
T8
33
T8 0 0 0 0 0 0
106
T8 0 0 1 0 0 0
59
T8 0 0 u u 0 0
97
T8 0 0 0 0 0 0
T9
33
T9 0 0 0 0 0 0
106
T9 0 0 1 1 0 0
59
T9 u u u u u u
97
T9 0 0 0 0 0 0
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33
T10 0 0 1 1 0 0
106
T10 0 1 0 0 0 1
59
T10 1 2 1 1 1 2
97
T10 0 0 0 0 0 0
33
T11 0 0 0 0 0 0
106
T11 u 0 0 0 u 0
59
T11 1 1 1 1 1 1
97
T11 0 0 0 0 0 0
33
T12 0 0 0 0 0 0
106
T12 0 0 0 0 0 0
59
T12 0 u u 0 0 u
97
T12 0 0 0 0 0 0
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Appendix Table 42: Male 18-35 Thoracic 7-12 Remodeling. Vertebrae scored from 0-4, with
a ³u´ used for unobservable. Score O was given when the inferior margin of the superior
articular facet is sharp and distinct, and has no increased surface area extending onto the lamina,
or downwards (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al. 2008). Score 1 was given when the inferior margin of the
superior articular facet is indistinct and slightly warped without a sharp margin. The facet has an
increased surface area extending downwards onto the proceeding vertebra¶s lamina (Rojas- Sepúlveda
et al. 2008). For score 2, there is a newly formed small bony shelf on the lamina of the proceeding
vertebrae, which acts to support the inferior articular process of the upper vertebra (Rojas- Sepúlveda et
al. 2008). Score 3, as in stage 2, is characterized by a significantly larger bony shelf extending
downwards into the laminal groove and outwards onto the transverse process of the proceeding vertebra.
The superior margin of the superior articular process is rounded anteriorally. The inferior articular facet
of the preceding vertebra has indistinct margins and fits together with the articular facet of the proceeding
vertebrae as a lock and key, or a puzzle piece. Lastly the facets of proceeding and preceding
vertebrae are extremely warped and fused together (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al. 2008). In addition, I
used the score of ³unobservable´ for individual facets that were damaged, and a score of 4 for
cases of extreme remodeling displaying fusion with adjacent vertebrae (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al.
2008). All aspects of the vertebrae are scored: SVB: superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior
vertebral body, SRF: superior vertebral body, IRF: inferior vertebral body. Ondontids are scored
for C1¶s as well.
Burial Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF IRF SLF ILF
33
T7 0 0 0 0 0 0
106
T7 1 1 0 0 1 1
59
T7 u u u u u u
97
T7 0 0 1 u 0 0
T8
33
T8 0 0 0 0 0 0
106
T8 0 0 0 0 0 0
59
T8 u u u u u u
97
T8 0 u 1 u 0 u
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33
T9 0 1 0 1 0 1
106
T9 1 1 1 0 1 1
59
T9 u u u u u u
97
T9 1 u 0 u 1 u
33
T10 0 0 0 1 0 0
106
T10 0 0 0 0 0 0
59
T10 2 3 1 1 2 3
97
T10 0 u 0 u 0 u
33
T11 0 0 0 0 0 0
106
T11 0 0 1 0 0 0
59
T11 1 1 1 1 1 1
97
T11 0 u 0 u 0 u
33
T12 0 1 1 0 0 1
106
T12 0 1 0 0 0 1
59
T12 0 0 u 0 0 0
97
T12 1 u u u 1 u
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Appendix Table 43: Female 35+ T7-T12 Osteophytosis. Vertebrae scored from 0-4, with ³u´
used for unobservable. ³Grade I: Only small scattered hyperostoses are found Grade II:Protrusions of bone in a more or less horizontal direction from corpus vertebrae.Grade III: The
osteophytes have a characteristic bird¶s beak shape. Usually the free end of the osteophyte curves
away from discus. It may curve towards discus, resulting in a more or less intimate contact with
the osteophytes on the other side of discus .Grade IV: The osteophytes from adjacent vertebrae
fuse, forming a bone bridge across the intervening discus´ (Säger 1969: 58). All aspects of the
vertebrae are scored: SVB: superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior vertebral body, SRF: superior
vertebral body, IRF: inferior vertebral body.
Burial Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF IRF SLF ILF
80 T7 1 1 u u u u
18 T7 1 1 1 1 1 1
105A T7 0 0 0 0 0 0
94 T7 1 1 u 2 0 0
80 T8 1 0 0 u u u
18 T8 1 1 1 1 u 1
105A T8 0 0 0 0 0 0
94 T8 1 1 1 1 0 0
80 T9 0 0 0 0 0 1
18 T9 1 1 0 1 1 1
105A T9 0 0 u u u u
94 T9 0 1 1 1 0 0
80 T10 0 1 0 2 1 u
18 T10 0 0 1 1 2 2
105A T10 0 0 0 0 1 u
94 T10 0 1 0 0 u u
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80 T11 0 0 1 1 2 2
18 T11 0 0 2 2 1 2
105A T11 0 0 u 0 0 u
94 T11 0 0 1 1 1 1
80 T12 0 0 2 2 1 2
18 T12 1 1 2 2 2 2
105A T12 0 0 1 0 u 0
94 T12 u u 1 1 1 1
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102
Appendix Table 44: Female 35+ Thoracic 7-12 Sclerosis. Vertebrae scored from 0-4, with a
³u´ used for unobservable. 0=absent, 1=sclerosis, 2=sclerosis with some eburnation visible
3=eburnation, more extensive than sclerosis and 4=extreme eburnation (Derevenski et al. 2000:
341). In practice, a score of 4 was never used. All aspects of the vertebrae are scored: SVB:
superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior vertebral body, SRF: superior vertebral body, IRF: inferior
vertebral body.
Burial Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF IRF SLF ILF
80
T7 u u 0 0 u u
18 T7 0 0 0 0 0 0
105A
T7 0 0 0 0 0 0
94
T7 u 0 0 0 u 0
80
T8 u 0 0 0 u 0
18
T8 0 0 u 0 0 0
105A
T8 0 0 0 1 0 0
94
T8 0 0 u u 0 0
80
T9 0 0 0 0 0 0
18
T9 0 0 0 1 0 0
105A
T9 0 0 0 0 0 0
94
T9 0 0 u u 0 0
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80
T10 0 0 0 0 0 0
18
T10 0 0 1 1 0 0
105A
T10 u 0 0 u u 0
94
T10 0 0 1 1 0 0
80
T11 0 0 1 1 0 0
18
T11 1 1 1 1 1 1
105A
T11 u u u u u u
94
T11 0 0 0 0 0 0
80
T12 1 1 0 1 1 1
18
T12 1 1 1 1 1 1
105A
T12 0 0 u u 0 0
94
T12 0 0 0 0 0 0
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Appendix Table 45: Female 35+ Thoracic 7-12 Remodeling. Vertebrae scored from 0-4, with
a ³u´ used for unobservable. Score O was given when the inferior margin of the superior
articular facet is sharp and distinct, and has no increased surface area extending onto the lamina,
or downwards (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al. 2008). Score 1 was given when the inferior margin of the
superior articular facet is indistinct and slightly warped without a sharp margin. The facet has an
increased surface area extending downwards onto the proceeding vertebra¶s lamina (Rojas- Sepúlveda
et al. 2008). For score 2, there is a newly formed small bony shelf on the lamina of the proceeding
vertebrae, which acts to support the inferior articular process of the upper vertebra (Rojas- Sepúlveda et
al. 2008). Score 3, as in stage 2, is characterized by a significantly larger bony shelf extendingdownwards into the laminal groove and outwards onto the transverse process of the proceeding vertebra.
The superior margin of the superior articular process is rounded anteriorally. The inferior articular facet
of the preceding vertebra has indistinct margins and fits together with the articular facet of the proceeding
vertebrae as a lock and key, or a puzzle piece. Lastly the facets of proceeding and preceding
vertebrae are extremely warped and fused together (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al. 2008). In addition, I
used the score of ³unobservable´ for individual facets that were damaged, and a score of 4 for
cases of extreme remodeling displaying fusion with adjacent vertebrae (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al.
2008). All aspects of the vertebrae are scored: SVB: superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior
vertebral body, SRF: superior vertebral body, IRF: inferior vertebral body. Ondontids are scored
for C1¶s as well.
Burial Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF IRF SLF ILF
80
T7 u 0 1 0 u 0
18
T7 u u u u u u
105A
T7 0 0 0 0 0 0
94 T7 u 1 0 0 u 1
80
T8 0 0 0 0 0 0
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105
18
T8 1 1 0 0 1 1
105A
T8 u u u u u u
94
T8 1 1 u u 1 1
80
T9 0 0 0 1 0 0
18
T9 1 1 1 1 1 1
105A
T9 0 0 1 u 0 0
94
T9 1 1 u u 1 1
80
T10 0 2 0 1 0 2
18
T10 1 1 1 3 1 1
105A
T10 1 1 0 0 1 1
94
T10 1 1 0 0 1 1
80
T11 1 1 2 2 1 1
18
T11 1 3 1 2 1 3
105A
T11 u 1 0 u u 1
94
T11 1 1 1 1 1 1
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80
T12 2 1 1 0 2 1
18
T12 1 1 3 3 1 1
105A
T12 u u u u u u
94
T12 1 1 0 0 1 1
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107
Appendix Table 46: Male 35+ T7-T12 Osteophytosis. Vertebrae scored from 0-4, with ³u´
used for unobservable. ³Grade I: Only small scattered hyperostoses are found Grade II:
Protrusions of bone in a more or less horizontal direction from corpus vertebrae.Grade III: The
osteophytes have a characteristic bird¶s beak shape. Usually the free end of the osteophyte curves
away from discus. It may curve towards discus, resulting in a more or less intimate contact with
the osteophytes on the other side of discus .Grade IV: The osteophytes from adjacent vertebrae
fuse, forming a bone bridge across the intervening discus´ (Säger 1969: 58). All aspects of the
vertebrae are scored: SVB: superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior vertebral body, SRF: superior
vertebral body, IRF: inferior vertebral body.
Burial Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF IRF SLF ILF
15 T7 1 2 2 1 0 1
35 T7 0 0 1 1 u 0
87 T7 1 0 1 2 1 u
113 T7 1 1 0 0 2 u
17 T7 1 1 0 0 2 u
49 T7 0 u 0 0 0 0
15 T8 1 2 1 1 u 1
35 T8 0 1 1 1 2 u
87 T8 u 0 1 1 u u
113 T8 2 0 2 2 1 1
17 T8 1 1 2 2 1 1
49 T8 1 1 u u 3 2
15 T9 2 1 1 1 1 1
35 T9 2 1 1 1 1 1
87 T9 1 1 1 2 1 u
113 T9 1 u 1 1 u u
17 T9 1 1 2 1 1 2
49 T9 0 1 1 1 1 1
15 T10 1 1 1 1 1 1
35 T10 1 1 1 1 1 1
87 T10 0 1 1 2 1 1
113 T10 u 0 2 2 0 0
17 T10 0 1 1 2 2 2
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49 T10 1 1 2 2 1 u
T11 T11
15 T11 1 1 1 1 0 1
35 T11 1 1 1 1 0 1
87 T11 0 0 1 u 1 2
113 T11 0 0 2 2 0 u
17 T11 0 0 2 2 0 u
49 T11 0 0 1 1 1 1
T12 T12
15 T12 1 1 2 1 2 2
35 T12 1 1 2 1 2 2
87 T12 0 0 1 1 1 1
113 T12 1 u 2 2 2 2
17 T12 1 1 1 1 1 1
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109
Appendix Table 47: Male 35+ Thoracic 7-12 Sclerosis. Vertebrae scored from 0-4, with a ³u´
used for unobservable. 0=absent, 1=sclerosis, 2=sclerosis with some eburnation visible
3=eburnation, more extensive than sclerosis and 4=extreme eburnation (Derevenski et al. 2000:
341). In practice, a score of 4 was never used. All aspects of the vertebrae are scored: SVB:
superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior vertebral body, SRF: superior vertebral body, IRF: inferior
vertebral body.
Burial Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF IRF SLF ILF
15
T7 1 0 0 0 1 0
35
T7 0 0 u 0 0 0
87
T7 0 0 u u 0 0
113
T7 0 0 0 0 0 0
17
T7 0 1 1 0 0 1
49
T7 0 0 0 0 0 0
15
T8 0 0 u 0 0 0
35
T8 0 0 0 0 0 0
87
T8 u u u u u u
113
T8 0 0 0 0 0 0
17
T8 2 0 0 0 2 0
49
T8 u u 1 1 u u
15
T9 0 0 0 1 0 0
35
T9 0 0 u 0 0 0
87
T9 0 0 0 u 0 0
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113
T9 0 1 u 1 0 1
17
T9 1 0 0 1 1 0
49
T9 1 1 0 u 1 1
15
T10 0 0 0 u 0 0
35
T10 u u u 0 u u
87
T10 0 0 0 0 0 0
113
T10 1 0 1 1 1 0
17
T10 1 1 1 1 1 1
49
T10 0 u 0 0 0 u
T11
T11
15
T11 0 0 0 0 0 0
35
T11 0 0 0 0 0 0
87
T11 0 0 0 0 0 0
113
T11 1 1 u 1 1 1
17
T11 2 1 0 0 2 1
49
T11 0 0 0 0 0 0
T12
T12
15
T12 0 0 1 1 0 0
35
T12 0 0 0 0 0 0
87
T12 0 0 0 0 0 0
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113
T12 0 0 1 0 0 0
17
T12 0 0 0 1 0 0
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112
Appendix Table 48: Male 35+ Thoracic 7-12 Remodeling. Vertebrae scored from 0-4, with a
³u´ used for unobservable. Score O was given when the inferior margin of the superior articular
facet is sharp and distinct, and has no increased surface area extending onto the lamina, or
downwards (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al. 2008). Score 1 was given when the inferior margin of the
superior articular facet is indistinct and slightly warped without a sharp margin. The facet has an
increased surface area extending downwards onto the proceeding vertebra¶s lamina (Rojas- Sepúlveda
et al. 2008). For score 2, there is a newly formed small bony shelf on the lamina of the proceeding
vertebrae, which acts to support the inferior articular process of the upper vertebra (Rojas- Sepúlveda et
al. 2008). Score 3, as in stage 2, is characterized by a significantly larger bony shelf extending
downwards into the laminal groove and outwards onto the transverse process of the proceeding vertebra.
The superior margin of the superior articular process is rounded anteriorally. The inferior articular facet
of the preceding vertebra has indistinct margins and fits together with the articular facet of the proceeding
vertebrae as a lock and key, or a puzzle piece. Lastly the facets of proceeding and preceding
vertebrae are extremely warped and fused together (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al. 2008). In addition, I
used the score of ³unobservable´ for individual facets that were damaged, and a score of 4 for
cases of extreme remodeling displaying fusion with adjacent vertebrae (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al.
2008). All aspects of the vertebrae are scored: SVB: superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior
vertebral body, SRF: superior vertebral body, IRF: inferior vertebral body. Ondontids are scored
for C1¶s as well.
Burial Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF IRF SLF ILF
15
T7 2 0 0 0 2 0
35
T7 u u 1 1 u u
87
T7 1 1 0 u 1 1
113
T7 0 0 1 1 0 0
17
T7 1 2 2 1 1 2
49
T7 1 1 0 0 1 1
15
T8 0 0 0 0 0 0
35
T8 0 0 1 0 0 0
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113
87
T8 u u u u u u
113
T8 1 1 0 0 1 1
17
T8 3 1 1 0 3 1
49
T8 u u 1 1 u u
15
T9 0 0 0 1 0 0
35
T9 1 u 1 1 1 u
87
T9 0 1 0 0 0 1
113
T9 0 0 0 0 0 0
17
T9 2 1 1 3 2 1
49
T9 1 2 0 u 1 2
15
T10 1 1 1 1 1 1
35
T10 1 1 0 0 1 1
87
T10 1 1 1 1 1 1
113
T10 0 0 0 1 0 0
17
T10 1 2 2 2 1 2
49
T10 1 1 0 0 1 1
15
T11 0 0 0 0 0 0
35
T11 0 0 0 0 0 0
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87
T11 1 0 2 2 1 0
113
T11 0 1 0 0 0 1
17
T11 1 1 0 0 1 1
49
T11 0 0 0 0 0 0
T12
T12
15
T12 1 1 2 1 1 1
35
T12 1 0 0 1 1 0
87
T12 1 1 2 1 1 1
113
T12 2 1 1 3 2 1
17
T12 1 1 u u 1 1
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Appendix Table 49: Female 18-35 L1-5 Osteophytosis. Vertebrae scored from 0-4, with ³u´
used for unobservable. ³Grade I: Only small scattered hyperostoses are found Grade II:
Protrusions of bone in a more or less horizontal direction from corpus vertebrae.Grade III: The
osteophytes have a characteristic bird¶s beak shape. Usually the free end of the osteophyte curves
away from discus. It may curve towards discus, resulting in a more or less intimate contact with
the osteophytes on the other side of discus .Grade IV: The osteophytes from adjacent vertebrae
fuse, forming a bone bridge across the intervening discus´ (Säger 1969: 58). All aspects of the
vertebrae are scored: SVB: superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior vertebral body, SRF: superior
vertebral body, IRF: inferior vertebral body.
Burial Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF IRF SLF ILF
1 L1 0 0 0 0 0 0
31 L1 0 0 0 0 0 0
38 L1 0 0 0 0 0 0
63 L1 0 0 u 0 1 0
54A L1 0 0 0 0 u u
57 L1 u 0 2 3 u 1
124 L1 0 0 0 0 u 0
1 L2 0 0 0 0 0 0
31 L2 0 0 0 0 0 1
38L2 0 1 0 0 0 0
63 L2 0 1 u 0 1 1
54A L2 u 0 0 0 u 0
57 L2 1 1 1 1 1 1
124 L2 0 0 0 0 1 0
1 L3 0 0 0 0 1 1
31 L3 0 0 0 0 0 0
38 L3 0 0 0 0 0 0
63L3
1 1 0 0 u 154A L3 u 0 1 1 0 0
57 L3 1 1 1 1 1 u
124 L3 u 1 0 0 1 1
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1 L4 1 0 u 0 1 0
31 L4 0 0 0 0 0 0
38 L4 0 0 0 0 0 0
63 L4 u 0 1 0 u u
54A L4 u u 0 0 0 0
57 L4 1 1 1 u 2 1
124 L4 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 L5 0 1 u u 0 1
31 L5 0 0 0 0 0 u
38 L5 0 0 0 0 0 u
63 L5 1 0 1 1 1 0
54A L5 u u 0 0 0 0
57 L5 2 2 2 1 u u
124 L5 u u u u u u
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Appendix Table 50: Female 18-35 Thoracic 7-12 Sclerosis. Vertebrae scored from 0-4, with a
³u´ used for unobservable. 0=absent, 1=sclerosis, 2=sclerosis with some eburnation visible
3=eburnation, more extensive than sclerosis and 4=extreme eburnation (Derevenski et al. 2000:
341). In practice, a score of 4 was never used. All aspects of the vertebrae are scored: SVB:
superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior vertebral body, SRF: superior vertebral body, IRF: inferior
vertebral body.
Burial Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF IRF SLF ILF
1
L1 1 0 0 0 1 0
31
L1 0 0 0 0 0 0
38
L1 0 0 0 0 0 0
63
L1 u 0 0 0 u 0
54A
L1 0 0 0 0 0 0
57
L1 1 1 0 0 1 1
124
L1 0 0 u 0 0 0
1
L2 0 0 0 0 0 0
31
L2 0 0 0 0 0 0
38
L2 0 0 0 0 0 0
63
L2 u 0 0 0 u 0
54A
L2 0 0 0 0 0 0
57
L2 1 0 1 1 1 0
124
L2 0 0 0 0 0 0
1
L3 0 0 0 0 0 0
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31
L3 0 0 0 0 0 0
38
L3 0 0 0 0 0 0
63
L3 0 0 u 0 0 0
54A
L3 0 0 0 0 0 0
57
L3 1 1 0 1 1 1
124
L3 0 0 0 0 0 0
1
L4 0 u 0 0 0 u
31
L4 0 0 0 0 0 0
38
L4 0 0 0 0 0 0
63
L4 0 0 1 0 0 0
54A
L4 0 0 0 0 0 0
57
L4 0 0 0 0 0 0
124
L4 0 0 0 0 0 0
1
L5 u 0 0 0 u 0
31
L5 0 0 0 u 0 0
38
L5 0 0 0 0 0 0
63
L5 1 0 0 0 1 0
54A
L5 0 0 u u 0 0
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57
L5 0 0 0 0 0 0
124
L5 0 0 0 0 0 0
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Appendix Table 51: Female 18-35 Thoracic 7-12 Remodeling. Vertebrae scored from 0-4,
with a ³u´ used for unobservable. Score O was given when the inferior margin of the superior
articular facet is sharp and distinct, and has no increased surface area extending onto the lamina,
or downwards (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al. 2008). Score 1 was given when the inferior margin of thesuperior articular facet is indistinct and slightly warped without a sharp margin. The facet has an
increased surface area extending downwards onto the proceeding vertebra¶s lamina (Rojas- Sepúlveda
et al. 2008). For score 2, there is a newly formed small bony shelf on the lamina of the proceeding
vertebrae, which acts to support the inferior articular process of the upper vertebra (Rojas- Sepúlveda et
al. 2008). Score 3, as in stage 2, is characterized by a significantly larger bony shelf extending
downwards into the laminal groove and outwards onto the transverse process of the proceeding vertebra.
The superior margin of the superior articular process is rounded anteriorally. The inferior articular facet
of the preceding vertebra has indistinct margins and fits together with the articular facet of the proceeding
vertebrae as a lock and key, or a puzzle piece. Lastly the facets of proceeding and preceding
vertebrae are extremely warped and fused together (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al. 2008). In addition, Iused the score of ³unobservable´ for individual facets that were damaged, and a score of 4 for
cases of extreme remodeling displaying fusion with adjacent vertebrae (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al.
2008). All aspects of the vertebrae are scored: SVB: superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior
vertebral body, SRF: superior vertebral body, IRF: inferior vertebral body. Ondontids are scored
for C1¶s as well.
Burial Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF IRF SLF ILF
1
L1 0 0 0 0 0 0
31
L1 1 0 0 0 1 0
38
L1 0 u 0 0 0 u
63
L1 u 1 0 0 u 1
54A
L1 u u 0 0 u u
57
L1 1 2 1 0 1 2
124
L1 0 0 0 0 0 0
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1
L2 0 0 0 0 0 0
31
L2 0 0 1 1 0 0
38
L2 1 1 1 0 1 1
63
L2 u 0 0 0 u 0
54A
L2 0 0 0 1 0 0
57
L2 1 1 0 2 1 1
124
L2 0 0 0 0 0 0
1
L3 0 0 0 0 0 0
31
L3 1 0 1 0 1 0
38
L3 0 0 1 1 0 0
63
L3 0 0 u 0 0 0
54A
L3 0 0 1 0 0 0
57
L3 1 1 0 0 1 1
124
L3 0 0 0 0 0 0
1
L4 0 un 1 0 0 un
31
L4 0 0 0 0 0 0
38
L4 0 0 0 0 0 0
63
L4 0 0 0 1 0 0
54A
L4 1 0 0 2 1 0
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57
L4 1 1 1 1 1 1
124
L4 0 0 0 0 0 0
1
L5 0 0 1 0 0 0
31
L5 0 0 0 u 0 0
38
L5 1 0 1 1 1 0
63
L5 1 0 1 0 1 0
54A
L5 0 0 0 0 0 0
57
L5 1 1 1 1 1 1
124
L5 0 0 0 0 0 0
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Appendix Table 52: Male 18-35 L1-5 Osteophytosis. Vertebrae scored from 0-4, with ³u´ used
for unobservable. ³Grade I: Only small scattered hyperostoses are found Grade II: Protrusions of
bone in a more or less horizontal direction from corpus vertebrae.Grade III: The osteophytes
have a characteristic bird¶s beak shape. Usually the free end of the osteophyte curves away from
discus. It may curve towards discus, resulting in a more or less intimate contact with the
osteophytes on the other side of discus .Grade IV: The osteophytes from adjacent vertebrae fuse,
forming a bone bridge across the intervening discus´ (Säger 1969: 58). All aspects of the
vertebrae are scored: SVB: superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior vertebral body, SRF: superior
vertebral body, IRF: inferior vertebral body.
Burial Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF IRF SLF ILF
33 L1 0 u 0 0 0 0
59 L1 0 1 0 1 1 1
96A L1 u 0 0 0 1 1
47 L1 0 0 0 0 0 0
33 L2 u 0 0 0 0 0
59 L2 1 1 0 0 1 1
96A L2 0 0 0 0 1 1
47 L2 u u 0 0 0 0
33 L3 u 0 0 0 0 0
59 L3 1 1 1 1 1 1
96A L3 0 0 1 1 1 u
47 L3 0 u 0 0 2 u
33 L4 0 0 1 1 0 1
59 L4 1 1 0 0 1 1
96A L4 0 0 1 1 1 1
47 L4 u u 0 0 u u
33 L5 0 0 1 0 1 1
59 L5 1 1 0 0 1 1
96A L5 0 1 0 0 1 1
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47 L5 0 0 0 0 2 2
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Appendix Table 53: Male 18-35 Lumbar 1-5 Sclerosis. Vertebrae scored from 0-4, with a ³u´
used for unobservable. 0=absent, 1=sclerosis, 2=sclerosis with some eburnation visible
3=eburnation, more extensive than sclerosis and 4=extreme eburnation (Derevenski et al. 2000:
341). In practice, a score of 4 was never used. All aspects of the vertebrae are scored: SVB:
superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior vertebral body, SRF: superior vertebral body, IRF: inferior
vertebral body.
Burial Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF IRF SLF ILF
33
L1 0 0 0 0 0 0
59
L1 0 0 0 0 0 0
96A
L1 0 0 0 0 0 0
47
L1 0 0 0 0 0 0
33
L2 0 0 0 0 0 0
59
L2 0 0 0 0 0 0
96A
L2 0 0 0 0 0 0
47
L2 1 1 1 0 1 1
33
L3 0 0 0 0 0 0
59
L3 0 0 0 0 0 0
96A
L3 0 0 0 0 0 0
47L3 0 0 0 u 0 0
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33
L4 0 0 0 0 0 0
59
L4 0 0 0 0 0 0
96A
L4 0 0 0 0 0 0
47L4 1 1 u u 1 1
33
L5 0 0 0 0 0 0
59
L5 0 0 0 0 0 0
96A
L5 0 0 0 0 0 0
47
L5 1 1 2 1 1 1
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Appendix Table 54: Male 18-35 Lumbar 1-5 Remodeling. Vertebrae scored from 0-4, with a
³u´ used for unobservable. Score O was given when the inferior margin of the superior articular
facet is sharp and distinct, and has no increased surface area extending onto the lamina, or
downwards (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al. 2008). Score 1 was given when the inferior margin of the
superior articular facet is indistinct and slightly warped without a sharp margin. The facet has an
increased surface area extending downwards onto the proceeding vertebra¶s lamina (Rojas- Sepúlveda
et al. 2008). For score 2, there is a newly formed small bony shelf on the lamina of the proceeding
vertebrae, which acts to support the inferior articular process of the upper vertebra (Rojas- Sepúlveda et
al. 2008). Score 3, as in stage 2, is characterized by a significantly larger bony shelf extending
downwards into the laminal groove and outwards onto the transverse process of the proceeding vertebra.
The superior margin of the superior articular process is rounded anteriorally. The inferior articular facet
of the preceding vertebra has indistinct margins and fits together with the articular facet of the proceeding
vertebrae as a lock and key, or a puzzle piece. Lastly the facets of proceeding and preceding
vertebrae are extremely warped and fused together (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al. 2008). In addition, I
used the score of ³unobservable´ for individual facets that were damaged, and a score of 4 for
cases of extreme remodeling displaying fusion with adjacent vertebrae (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al.
2008). All aspects of the vertebrae are scored: SVB: superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior
vertebral body, SRF: superior vertebral body, IRF: inferior vertebral body. Ondontids are scored
for C1¶s as well.
Burial Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF IRF SLF ILF
33
L1 u u u u u u
59
L1 0 0 0 0 0 0
96A
L1 0 0 0 0 0 0
47
L1 0 1 0 0 0 1
33
L2 0 0 0 0 0 0
59
L2 0 0 0 0 0 0
96A
L2 0 0 0 0 0 0
47
L2 0 0 0 0 0 0
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33
L3 0 0 0 0 0 0
59
L3 0 0 1 1 0 0
96AL3 0 0 0 0 0 0
47
L3 1 0 0 0 1 0
33
L4 0 0 0 0 0 0
59
L4 1 1 0 0 1 1
96A
L4 0 0 0 0 0 0
47
L4 0 0 u u 0 0
33
L5 0 0 1 1 0 0
59
L5 1 0 0 0 1 0
96A
L5 0 0 0 0 0 0
47
L5 0 0 1 1 0 0
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Appendix Table 55: Female 35+ L1-5 Osteophytosis. Vertebrae scored from 0-4, with ³u´
used for unobservable. ³Grade I: Only small scattered hyperostoses are found Grade II:
Protrusions of bone in a more or less horizontal direction from corpus vertebrae.Grade III: The
osteophytes have a characteristic bird¶s beak shape. Usually the free end of the osteophyte curves
away from discus. It may curve towards discus, resulting in a more or less intimate contact with
the osteophytes on the other side of discus .Grade IV: The osteophytes from adjacent vertebrae
fuse, forming a bone bridge across the intervening discus´ (Säger 1969: 58). All aspects of the
vertebrae are scored: SVB: superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior vertebral body, SRF: superior
vertebral body, IRF: inferior vertebral body.
Burial Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF IRF SLF ILF
64 L1 0 0 0 0 0 1
80 L1 0 0 2 1 1 1
18 L1 1 1 2 2 1 1
94 L1 u u 1 1 1 1
105A L1 0 0 1 1 u u
64 L2 1 1 1 0 0 1
80 L2 0 0 1 2 u 0
18 L2 1 1 1 1 1 1
94 L2 u u 2 2 1 1
105A L2 0 0 u u u u
64 L3 1 1 1 1 1 1
80 L3 u 1 1 1 u u
18 L3 3 3 2 1 1 u
94 L3 1 0 2 2 2 2
105A L3 1 1 0 u 1 1
64L4 1 0 u u 1 1
80 L4 1 1 1 1 1 1
18 L4 3 1 2 2 2 2
94 L4 1 0 2 2 2 2
105A L4 1 0 0 0 1 1
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64 L5 2 1 1 1 1 0
80 L5 1 0 1 1 u u
18 L5 3 2 2 2 2 2
94 L5 u u 1 1 1 1
105A L5 0 0 u 0 1 0
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Appendix Table 56: Female 35+ Lumbar 1-5 Sclerosis. Vertebrae scored from 0-4, with a ³u´
used for unobservable. 0=absent, 1=sclerosis, 2=sclerosis with some eburnation visible
3=eburnation, more extensive than sclerosis and 4=extreme eburnation (Derevenski et al. 2000:
341). In practice, a score of 4 was never used. All aspects of the vertebrae are scored: SVB:
superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior vertebral body, SRF: superior vertebral body, IRF: inferior
vertebral body.
Burial Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF IRF SLF ILF
64
L1 u 1 0 0 u 1
80
L1 1 0 0 0 1 0
18
L1 0 0 0 0 0 0
94
L1 0 0 0 0 0 0
105A
L1 0 0 u u 0 0
64
L2 0 0 u 0 0 0
80
L2 u u u u u u
18
L2 0 0 0 0 0 0
94
L2 1 0 0 1 1 0
105A
L2 u u u u u u
64
L3 0 0 u u 0 0
80
L3 0 u 1 0 0 u
18
L3 0 0 0 0 0 0
94
L3 1 1 1 u 1 1
105A
L3 0 u 1 0 0 u
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64
L4 0 0 0 0 0 0
80
L4 0 0 0 0 0 0
18
L4 1 1 1 1 1 1
94
L4 1 1 1 1 1 1
105A
L4 0 0 0 0 0 0
64
L5 u 0 0 0 u 0
80
L5 0 0 u u 0 0
18
L5 1 1 1 1 1 1
94
L5 1 u u 0 1 u
105A
L5 u 0 0 0 u 0
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Appendix Table 57: Male 18-35 Lumbar 1-5 Remodeling. Vertebrae scored from 0-4, with a
³u´ used for unobservable. Score O was given when the inferior margin of the superior articular
facet is sharp and distinct, and has no increased surface area extending onto the lamina, or
downwards (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al. 2008). Score 1 was given when the inferior margin of thesuperior articular facet is indistinct and slightly warped without a sharp margin. The facet has an
increased surface area extending downwards onto the proceeding vertebra¶s lamina (Rojas- Sepúlveda
et al. 2008). For score 2, there is a newly formed small bony shelf on the lamina of the proceeding
vertebrae, which acts to support the inferior articular process of the upper vertebra (Rojas- Sepúlveda et
al. 2008). Score 3, as in stage 2, is characterized by a significantly larger bony shelf extending
downwards into the laminal groove and outwards onto the transverse process of the proceeding vertebra.
The superior margin of the superior articular process is rounded anteriorally. The inferior articular facet
of the preceding vertebra has indistinct margins and fits together with the articular facet of the proceeding
vertebrae as a lock and key, or a puzzle piece. Lastly the facets of proceeding and preceding
vertebrae are extremely warped and fused together (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al. 2008). In addition, Iused the score of ³unobservable´ for individual facets that were damaged, and a score of 4 for
cases of extreme remodeling displaying fusion with adjacent vertebrae (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al.
2008). All aspects of the vertebrae are scored: SVB: superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior
vertebral body, SRF: superior vertebral body, IRF: inferior vertebral body. Ondontids are scored
for C1¶s as well.
Burial Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF IRF SLF ILF
64
L1 0 0 0 0 0 0
80
L1 2 0 0 0 2 0
18
L1 1 1 1 1 1 1
94
L1 1 0 0 0 1 0
105A
L1 u u u u u u
64
L2 0 0 0 0 0 0
80
L2 1 1 u 1 1 1
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18
L2 1 1 1 2 1 1
94
L2 1 1 0 0 1 1
105A
L2 u u u u u u
64
L3 0 0 0 0 0 0
80
L3 0 0 u u 0 0
18
L3 1 0 1 2 1 0
94
L3 0 u 1 1 0 u
105A
L3 1 1 0 0 1 1
64
L4 0 0 0 0 0 0
80
L4 0 1 0 0 0 1
18
L4 1 1 3 2 1 1
94
L4 0 0 1 1 0 0
105A
L4 0 u 0 0 0 u
64
L5 0 0 0 0 0 0
80L5 1 1 u u 1 1
18
L5 1 1 3 2 1 1
94
L5 0 3 0 0 0 3
105A
L5 1 0 0 0 1 0
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Appendix Table 58: Male 35+ L1-5 Osteophytosis. Vertebrae scored from 0-4, with ³u´ used
for unobservable. ³Grade I: Only small scattered hyperostoses are found Grade II: Protrusions of
bone in a more or less horizontal direction from corpus vertebrae.Grade III: The osteophytes
have a characteristic bird¶s beak shape. Usually the free end of the osteophyte curves away from
discus. It may curve towards discus, resulting in a more or less intimate contact with the
osteophytes on the other side of discus .Grade IV: The osteophytes from adjacent vertebrae fuse,
forming a bone bridge across the intervening discus´ (Säger 1969: 58). All aspects of the
vertebrae are scored: SVB: superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior vertebral body, SRF: superior
vertebral body, IRF: inferior vertebral body.
Burial Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF IRF SLF ILF
113 L1 1 0 u u 1 u
114 L1 0 0 2 2 0 0
17 L1 1 2 0 1 1 1
55 L1 u u 0 1 1 1
15 L1 0 0 2 2 0 1
87 L1 0 0 0 1 1 1
113 L2 u 2 u u 1 u
114 L2 0 0 0 0 0 1
17 L2 1 3 2 2 1 1
55 L2 u u u 1 1 1
15 L2 1 1 1 1 1 0
87 L2 1 0 1 1 1 1
113 L3 2 1 1 0 0 1
114 L3 0 1 1 1 1 1
17 L3 2 1 3 2 2 1
55 L3 2 1 3 2 2 1
15 L3 1 0 1 1 0 1
87 L3 1 0 u u u u
113 L4 u u 0 0 2 1
114 L4 1 1 1 1 1 1
17 L4 3 1 1 1 2 1
55 L4 1 u 2 2 1 1
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15 L4 1 1 2 0 1 1
87 L4 0 1 1 1 u u
L5 L5
113 L5 1 0 0 0 u 1
114 L5 1 0 0 0 1 1
17 L5 1 1 2 1 1 1
55 L5 u 1 1 1 2 2
15 L5 1 1 1 1 1 1
87 L5 1 0 1 0 1 1
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Appendix Table 59: Male 35+ Lumbar 1-5 Sclerosis. Vertebrae scored from 0-4, with a ³u´
used for unobservable. 0=absent, 1=sclerosis, 2=sclerosis with some eburnation visible
3=eburnation, more extensive than sclerosis and 4=extreme eburnation (Derevenski et al. 2000:
341). In practice, a score of 4 was never used. All aspects of the vertebrae are scored: SVB:
superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior vertebral body, SRF: superior vertebral body, IRF: inferior
vertebral body.
Burial Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF IRF SLF ILF
113
L1 0 0 0 u 0 0
114
L1 0 0 0 0 0 0
17L1 0 0 0 0 0 0
55
L1 0 0 1 1 0 0
15
L1 1 1 0 0 1 1
87
L1 0 0 0 0 0 0
113
L2 u u u u u u
114
L2 0 0 0 0 0 0
17
L2 0 0 0 0 0 0
55
L2 0 0 0 0 0 0
15
L2 0 0 0 0 0 0
87
L2 0 0 0 0 0 0
113
L3 1 u 0 u 1 u
114
L3 0 0 0 0 0 0
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17
L3 1 0 0 0 1 0
55
L3 0 0 1 u 0 0
15
L3 0 0 0 0 0 0
87
L3 0 0 0 0 0 0
113
L4 1 0 1 0 1 0
114
L4 0 0 0 0 0 0
17
L4 0 0 1 1 0 0
55
L4 0 0 0 1 0 0
15
L4 1 0 0 1 1 0
87
L4 1 0 u u 1 0
L5
L5
113
L5 1 0 0 0 1 0
114
L5 0 0 0 0 0 0
17
L5 1 0 0 0 1 0
55
L5 0 0 0 0 0 0
15
L5 0 1 0 1 0 1
87
L5 1 1 1 1 1 1
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Appendix Table 60: Male 18-35 Lumbar 1-5 Remodeling. Vertebrae scored from 0-4, with a
³u´ used for unobservable. Score O was given when the inferior margin of the superior articular
facet is sharp and distinct, and has no increased surface area extending onto the lamina, or
downwards (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al. 2008). Score 1 was given when the inferior margin of the
superior articular facet is indistinct and slightly warped without a sharp margin. The facet has an
increased surface area extending downwards onto the proceeding vertebra¶s lamina (Rojas- Sepúlveda
et al. 2008). For score 2, there is a newly formed small bony shelf on the lamina of the proceeding
vertebrae, which acts to support the inferior articular process of the upper vertebra (Rojas- Sepúlveda et
al. 2008). Score 3, as in stage 2, is characterized by a significantly larger bony shelf extending
downwards into the laminal groove and outwards onto the transverse process of the proceeding vertebra.
The superior margin of the superior articular process is rounded anteriorally. The inferior articular facet
of the preceding vertebra has indistinct margins and fits together with the articular facet of the proceeding
vertebrae as a lock and key, or a puzzle piece. Lastly the facets of proceeding and preceding
vertebrae are extremely warped and fused together (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al. 2008). In addition, I
used the score of ³unobservable´ for individual facets that were damaged, and a score of 4 for
cases of extreme remodeling displaying fusion with adjacent vertebrae (Rojas- Sepúlveda et al.
2008). All aspects of the vertebrae are scored: SVB: superior vertebral body, IVB: inferior
vertebral body, SRF: superior vertebral body, IRF: inferior vertebral body. Ondontids are scored
for C1¶s as well.
Burial Vertebrae SVB IVB SRF IRF SLF ILF
113L1 0 0 0 u 0 0
114
L1 0 0 0 0 0 0
17
L1 0 0 0 0 0 0
55
L1 0 0 1 1 0 0
15
L1 1 1 0 0 1 1
87
L1 0 0 0 0 0 0
113
L2 u u u u u u
114
L2 0 0 0 0 0 0
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17
L2 0 0 0 0 0 0
55
L2 0 0 0 0 0 0
15
L2 0 0 0 0 0 0
87
L2 0 0 0 0 0 0
113
L3 1 u 0 u 1 u
114
L3 0 0 0 0 0 0
17
L3 1 0 0 0 1 0
55
L3 0 0 1 u 0 0
15
L3 0 0 0 0 0 0
87
L3 0 0 0 0 0 0
113
L4 1 0 1 0 1 0
114
L4 0 0 0 0 0 0
17
L4 0 0 1 1 0 0
55
L4 0 0 0 1 0 0
15
L4 1 0 0 1 1 0
87
L4 1 0 u u 1 0
L5
L5
113
L5 1 0 0 0 1 0
114
L5 0 0 0 0 0 0