ARCHITECTURE & KERALA
Anthropometry Materials (present and traditional) Cost of materials(as on may 2013) Climatic conditions Architecture (present and traditional)
AR
Anthropometry Avg. height of man=1700mm,5’8’’ Height of chair=450mm,1’6’’ ‘’ study table=750mm,2’5’’ ‘’ switchboard=1500mm,4’11’’ ‘’ kitchen counter=800mm,2’8’’ ‘’ shower =2000mm,6’5’’ Size of dining table:-4 sitting=28’’, 44’’ ‘’ 6 sitting=34’’,60’’ ‘’ 8 sitting=34’’,72’’ ‘’ (circular) 4//6//8 sitting=32’’//46’’//56’’ ‘’ (square) 4//6//8 sitting=32’’//44’’//48’’ Height of toilet seat=350mm,1’2’’ ‘’ wash basin=1000mm,3’4’’
Materials – Present Tiles Cement Brick Paint Wood Sheets Marble
Granite Steel Aluminium Plaster of Paris Random rubble Putty M Sand
Ceramic tiles_ 80 micron thickness
Rectified tiles_ mix of marble &granite powder, glossy coating, easily scratched
Vitrified tiles_strongest tile ,not porous ,same texture throughout
Hardwood tiles_have polyurethane coating, wears out easily.
TilesTypes of tiles.
Ordinary_general construction like footpaths
Modified_moderate sulphate resistance and heat of hydration, used in drainage systems, sea walls
High-early strength_higher strength soon after pouring, used in cold weather construction
Low heat_low heat of hydration, used in massive structures like dams
Sulphate resistant-foundation in high sulphate soils
Cement3CaO.SiO2.1/2H20
Types of cement
Portland cement
Constitution %
Lime-62Silica-22Alumina-5Iron Oxide-3Magnesia-2Sulphur-1
Burnt_country made & wire cut
Cement Hollow cement
BrickTypes of Brick
Constitution(%)0
20
40
60Constitution(%)
Constitution(%)
Paints
Interior emulsions
Distemper
Exterior emulsions
Texture paint
Enamel paint
Wood finish
Primer
Types of paints
Hardwood_teak ,rosewood ,mahogany ,jackfruit
Softwood_oak
WoodTypes of wood
GI sheets PVC sheets Poly carbonate Aluminium sheets
SheetsTypes of sheets
Italian marble Jaisalmer marble
MarbleTypes of marble
Black Colored
GraniteTypes of granite
Mild steel Medium carbon
steel High speed steel Stainless steel
SteelTypes of steel
Materials - Traditional Stone Lime Clay Timbre Wood Mosaic Marble Granite Cow dung Bamboo
Cost of materials (Rs.) Tiles_i. Ceramic – 20-40/sqftii. Rectified – 35-45/sqftiii. Semi Vitrified – 65-100/sqftiv. Vitrified – 90-150/sqft Paint_i. Interior emulsion –
2.9-4.2/sqftii. Exterior emulsion – 5.6/sqftiii. Texture – 4/sqftiv. Distemper – 2.6/sqftv. Wood finish – 4.5/sqftvi. Enamel – 1.4/sqft
Wood_i. Teak – 2600-3500/cftii. Hardwood – 1500-2000/cftiii. Moulded – 2500/cftiv. Syntex – 1500/cft Sheets_i. Poly carbonate - 45-50/sqftii. GI - Marble_i. Italian – 250-1500/sqftii. Indian – 45-120/sqft
Cost of materials (Rs.) Random rubble_i. 3500/unit M Sand_i. 4600/unit Sand_i. 15000/unit Soil_i. 1500/unit Metal_i. 2300/unit Vinyl_i. 200/sqft Wallpaper_i. 8-260/sqft
Brick_i. 6/pc Granite_i. Black – 200/sqftii. Colored – 130/sqft Cement_i. 350/bag(50Kg) Steel_i. 45/Kg
Climatic conditions Temperature – 20C-34C Annual Rainfall – 3107 mm Angle of Rain – 40* Monsoon – June-Aug->SW//Sept-Dec->NE Warm humid climate, thermal discomfort, high
precipitation
Traditional Architecture Traditionally Kerala has its architectural roots from
Buddhism which once prevailed in the area. Temple architecture was incorporated into domestic
and public buildings. The main features are_i. Base model is normally square ,rectangular ,circular plain
shapes with ribbed roof evolved from functional consideration.ii. Long ,steep sloping roof which make the building look low rise.iii. Gable windows were used which provided for air circulation and
thermal control.iv. Detached buildingsv. Passive method of climate control
Plinth height is usually 450mm.
Extension of roof after base is 750 to 900 acting as a rain shade
Sothern wall in thekkinipura and western wall of vadakkinipura are 24cms thicker than other walls.
Rooms_i. North-Treasuryii. NE-Prayer roomiii. East-Bathroomiv. SE-Kitchenv. South-Bedroomvi. SW-Armoryvii. NW-Cowshedviii. West-Drawing room
Plinth - stone Wall - Laterite Mortar – Lime ,Surkhy Structural material-Bamboo ,teak Walling - Clay, Lime Roof - Timbre, clay tiles
Nalukettu….
4 Blocks – vadakkini, padinjattini, kizhakkini, thekkini Padippura - Entry into compound Poomukham - Portico Chuttu Verandah – Verandah to either side of house from
Poomukham Charupady-benches on the Chuttu verandah Aambal Kulam-Pond Nadumuttam-Central open courtyard Puja-NE corner Mural Paintings Chithra Thoonu
Architecture today In the present times Kerala has opened itself for
experiments in architecture sometimes mixing traditional architecture with contemporary architecture or using only contemporary architecture.
But still a lot of its citizens prefer traditional architecture to the modern one.Nalukettus are a growing tradition among the keralites even in the cities.
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