Architecture of Telematics Systems
Course 3
continental-automotive.com VNI
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Andreea Gradinaru © Continental AGConfidential / Internal
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1. Introduction
• Telematics Systems
• Continental products
2. Architecture
• Hardware view
• Architecture role
• Best practices
3. Case Study
Agenda
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1. Introduction
• Telematics Systems
• Continental products
2. Architecture
• Hardware view
• Architecture role
• Best practices
3. Case Study
Agenda
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What is a Telematics System?
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✓ Telecommunication Informatics
✓ “Telematics is an interdisciplinary field that encompasses telecommunications, vehicular
technologies, for instance, road transportation, road safety, electrical engineering
(sensors, instrumentation, wireless communications, etc.), and computer science
(multimedia, internet, etc).” (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telematics)
✓ “Vehicle Telemetry – Tapping remotely into a car’s data systems provides lots of useful
services” (www.economist.com)
Telematics - #1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telematics
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✓ Can be regarded as an evolution of telemetry (transmit measurements from the origin to
the location of computing and consumption without affecting control on the remote
objects).
Telematics - #2
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✓ Security
✓ Safety
✓ Navigation
✓ Entertainment
✓ Diagnosis
Features
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• Examples:
✓ Stolen vehicle tracking;
✓ Anti-theft alarm notification;
✓ Remote door (un)lock;
✓ Software updates Over-the-Air;
✓ Secure connection with OEM Backend;
Security
Figure 1: Secure connection with OEM Backend
- Use case: automatic crash notification
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• Examples:
✓Automatic crash notification;
✓ Emergency assistance;
✓Vehicular communication system (V2V)
✓ Emergency Electronic Brake Lights;
✓ Cooperative Passing Assist;
✓ Forward Collision Warning;
✓ See-Through Sensor Sharing;
Safety
Figure 2: GPS vehicle tracking system
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• Examples:
✓ Traffic information – eg: traffic
congestion, weather forecast;
✓Geofencing;
✓Point of interest download;
✓Turn by Turn Navigation Assistant;
Navigation
Figure 3: Representation of Geofence
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• Examples:
✓Music / video downloading;
✓ Internet radio;
✓ Streaming content;
✓ Synchronization with home entertainment library;
✓ Establish high bandwidth connection → share with Head Unit and vehicle passengers;
✓ Video Conferencing;
Entertainment
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• Examples:
✓ Detailed diagnosis scan – trigger:
remote / exceed certain thresholds;
✓ Performance data collection;
✓ Scan Diagnosis Trouble Codes;
Diagnostics
Figure 3: Representation of Diagnostics
(© image: vector.com)
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Telematics System - @ Continental
https://www.continental-automotive.com/en-gl/Passenger-Cars/Vehicle-Networking/Connectivity-Telematics/Telematics
https://www.continental-automotive.com/en-gl/Passenger-Cars/Vehicle-Networking/Connectivity-Telematics/Telematics
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1. Introduction
• Telematics Systems
• Continental products
2. Architecture
• Hardware view
• Architecture role
• Best practices
3. Case Study
Agenda
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Hardware → Legacy & Entry Designs - #1
TCU
VuC
Features
Vehicle Bus
NAD
Features
Baseband
CAN, LIN, …
GNSS
2G
Figure 4: (Simplified) Representation of Legacy & Entry Design
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• Components
✓ NAD (Network Access Device) → connection to cellular network (voice calls, SMS);
✓ VuC (Vehicle MicroController) → interface with vehicle bus, process point for
commands and calls;
• GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) → provider for location information
• Advantages: easy implementation of basic functionality, low cost solution
• Disadvantages: reduced set of features, low profitability, 2G nearing EOL
Hardware → Legacy & Entry Designs - #2
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Hardware → Mid & High End Designs - #1
TCU
VuC
CAN, LIN, FlexRay,
MOST, A2B, …SoC
APP
GNSS MDM
Figure 5: (Simplified) Representation of Mid & High End Design
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• SoC → allows implementation of complex features – Internet connectivity, Over the air software update, remote diagnostics, navigation helpers
• 3G/4G/5G/etc. modems enable faster data speeds
• Extend connectivity options to WiFi, Bluetooth (Low Energy)
• Advantages: high quality, features
• Disadvantages: expensive
Hardware → Mid & High End Designs - #2
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Architecture - #1
Figure 6: Semantic areas of UML 2.5.1
© https://www.omg.org/spec/UML/2.5.1
https://www.omg.org/spec/UML/2.5.1
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Architecture - #2
Figure 7: Responsibilities of the
Software Architecture Role
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Use a predefined template for Documentation
of Architecture across the company.
• For
• Overall
• Black Box
• White Box
• Interfaces
• Advantages:
• Uniformity (standardized structure);
• Readability (across different teams / projects);
• Disadvantage:
• Customization needed to the specifics of the project (addition / deletion);
• Example: https://arc42.org/download
Best practices - #1
https://arc42.org/download
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Loose coupling between building blocks
• Example: Inheritance, resource sharing, temporal, control;
• Reduce coupling – Eg: dependency inversion through interfaces, factories,
dependency injection;
• Advantages: Reusability, portability;
• Disadvantage: Complexity;
. Strong cohesion
• Separation of concerns – Eg: MVC (core vs. visualization & persistence;
Best practices - #2
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Keep It Stupid Simple (as brief as possible while as detailed as necessary) while it still is
• Appropriate (understandable) to the target group;
• Maintainable.
Best practices - #3
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Respect Single Responsibility principle.
• Eg: Open-Closed principle, encapsulation, abstraction (interfaces, layers, patterns, models & views);
• Advantages: robustness against change, extensibility, separation, avoid implicit assumptions regarding implementation;
• Disadvantages: higher number of classes + interfaces;
Best practices - #4
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WE ARE HMIUse an iterative approach for decomposition.
Best practices - #5
Use Case
Decomposition into
components
Responsibilities
& InterdependenciesDynamic
Behaviour
Interfaces
Black Box
View
White Box
View
Requirements
Figure 8: (Simplified) Representation of an iterative approach
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Use architectural patterns. • Examples:
✓ Layers
✓ Microkernel
✓ Pipes & Filters
✓ Client – Server
✓ Master – Slave
✓ Event - bus
Best practices - #6
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Use the 4+1 architectural view.
Best practices - #7
Figure 9: 4+1 architectural view
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1. Introduction
• Telematics Systems
• Continental products
2. Architecture
• Hardware view
• Architecture role
• Best practices
3. Case Study
Agenda
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Daimler S-class
✓ https://www.mercedes-
benz.com/en/vehicles/passenger-cars/s-class/s-
class/?shortener=true&csref=sm_ytb_w223_pc
✓ Press Release
✓ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-
4zsY28t76k&ab_channel=carwow
Case study
Image: © daimler.com
https://media.daimler.com/marsMediaSite/en/instance/ko.xhtml?oid=47448319&ls=L2VuL2luc3RhbmNlL2tvLnhodG1sP29pZD05MjY2OTI0JnJlbElkPTYwODI5JmZyb21PaWQ9OTI2NjkyNCZib3JkZXJzPXRydWUmcmVzdWx0SW5mb1R5cGVJZD00MDYyNiZ2aWV3VHlwZT1saXN0JnNvcnREZWZpbml0aW9uPVBVQkxJU0hFRF9BVC0yJnRodW1iU2NhbGVJbmRleD0wJnJvd0NvdW50c0luZGV4PTUmZnJvbUluZm9UeXBlSWQ9NDA2Mjg!&rs=0https://media.daimler.com/marsMediaSite/en/instance/ko.xhtml?oid=47448319&ls=L2VuL2luc3RhbmNlL2tvLnhodG1sP29pZD05MjY2OTI0JnJlbElkPTYwODI5JmZyb21PaWQ9OTI2NjkyNCZib3JkZXJzPXRydWUmcmVzdWx0SW5mb1R5cGVJZD00MDYyNiZ2aWV3VHlwZT1saXN0JnNvcnREZWZpbml0aW9uPVBVQkxJU0hFRF9BVC0yJnRodW1iU2NhbGVJbmRleD0wJnJvd0NvdW50c0luZGV4PTUmZnJvbUluZm9UeXBlSWQ9NDA2Mjg!&rs=0https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-4zsY28t76k&ab_channel=carwow
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Q & A
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End of theory. Start of practice.
Hear you next time!