ARSENIC ELEMENT IN GEOTHERMAL FIELD IN INDONESIA
By ZAINAL ABIDIN
CENTER FOR THE APPLICATION OF ISOTOP AND RADIATION TECHNOLOGINATIONAL NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY
ARSENC IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND TOXICITY
• HAVE ACCUTE AND CHRONIC EFFECT AS CARCINOGENIC
• WHO GUIDE LINE ARSENIC IN DRINKING WATER ARE ABOUT 0.005 TO 0.001 PPM
• CAN GIVE EFFECT TO THE AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM• CAN ACCUMULATED IN SEDIMENTS AND PLANTS
ARSENIC ORIGIN IN GEOTHERMAL FLUID
• ARSENIC (As) IS A UBIQUITOUS COMPONENT OF ACTIVE AND FOSSIL GEOTHERMAL
• ARSENIC EMERGES VOLATELY FROM MAGMA AND OFTEN ACCOMPANIES SULFUR OTHERS METAL EEMENT
• GENERALLY ANDESITIC HAVE ARSENIC CONCENTRATION HIGHER THAN BASALT MAGMA
PRODUCTION FIELD DEVELOPMENT AREA EXPLORATION AREA
EXISTING GEOTHERMAL PRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT PLAN AREA IN INDONESIA
GEOTHERMAL SYSTEM
TRACE HIGH ELEMENTAL (As) AND RADIOAKTIVE ALSOMERGE FROM MAGMA
ARSENIC CONTENT IN ROCK AND GOTHERMAL FLUIDS
LOCATIONS AS (mg/kg)
ROCK TYPE As (mg/kg)
STUDI ARSENIC IN HOT SPRINGS IN INDONESIA BY HERDIANITA (ITB . J.Sci Vol 40 no.1 ,2008)
GEOTHERMAL FLUIDS PRODUCTION
STEAM SEPARATION :20 -30 %
NON VOLATILE COMPONEN ENRICH IN BRINE
ARSENIC WILL BE DANGEROUS IN GEOTHERMAL PRODUCTION WHEN ALL THE WASTE BRINE WATER NOT REINJECTED INTO REINJECTION WELL
ARSENIC CONTENT FROM WELL PRODUCTION
FIELD LOCATION
ELECTICITY PRODUCTION
As (ppm) in water separtion
As (ppm) in Steam condensate
As (ppm) in well total discharge
LAHENDONG (NORTH SULAWESI
40 Mw 0.182 – 3.724 0.01 - 0. 04 0.165 – 2.70
SIBAYAK (NORT SUMATERA
10 Mw 0.40 – 0.70 0.12 – 0.22 0.40– 0.60
ULUBELU-LAMPUNG
60 Mw (palnning)
0.32 – 5.4 0.01 – 0.66 0.08 – 3.0
STUDY AREA MAP
REIJECTION WELL
PRODUCTION OF CLUSTER 4
PRODUCTION OF CLUSTER 5
PRODUCTION OF CLUSTER 13
RED DOT IS SAMPLES POINT
ARSENIC CONTAMINATION STUDY IN LAHENDONG FIELD
• PURPOSE OF STUDY - TO KNOW HOW FAR THE ARSENIC ION HAVE OCCURRED CONTAMINATION IN GROUNDWATERA AND SURFACE WATER
PROBLEM ENCOUNTERED IN LAHENDONG GEOTHERMAL FIELD
-LAHENDONG HIGH TEMPERATURE GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR (300- 320 O
-HAVE HIGH SILICA CONSENTRATION IS ARROUND 600 PPM, NEED COOLING PONDS TO DECREASED SILICA CONCENTRATION
-REINJECTION WELLS NOT ENOUGH TO REINJECTED ALL WASTE WATER TO REINJECTION
SEPARATOR SCRUBBERTURBIN
PLTP
SUMUR INJEKSI
COOLING P0ND
SUMUR PRODUKSI
FLUIDA 2 FASE
JALUR AIR
JALUR UAP
INJEKSI AIR
INSTALASI
JALUR UAP
JALUR AIR
PLNPERTAMINA
ROCK MUFFLER
CAP ROCK
FAULT
MANIFOLD0 m
1000
2000
3000
GENERATOR
HEAT SOURCES
RESERVOIR
CAP ROCK
STEAM FIELD
ALIRAN AIR REINJEKSI
COOLING TOWER
JARINGAN
FLOW DIAGRAM OF FLUIDS PRODUCTION IN LAHENDONG FIELD
10,8-11 Kscg 9,5 Kscg8,1 Kscg
13,8-14 Kscg
REINJECTION IS COOLED SYSTEM
COOLING PONDS SYSTEM
SAMPLING METHODS
• SEPARATION WATER (SPW)• STEAM CONDENSATE• HOT SPRINGS• COOLING PONDS• GROUNDWATER (DUG WELLS) AND LAKES• RIVERS (UPSTREAM AND DOWN STREAM)• SEDIMENT
SAMPLING ACTIVITIES
WELL SAMPLING USING SEPARATOR HOT SPRING SAMPLING
WATER SAMPLING IN COOLING POOL
WATER SAMPLING IN LAKE
WATER SAMPLING IN RIVERS
GROUNDWATER SAMPLING
WELL PRODUCTIONSAMPLE CODE LOCATION TYPE WATER CONCENTRSTION
As (ppm)
LHD-11 CLUSTER 4 SPW (BRINE ) 2.180
LHD-12 CLUSTER 4 SPW 2.260
LHD-10 CLUSTER 4 SPW 0.594
LHD-15 CLUSTER 4 SPW 3.724
LHD-8 CLUSTER 4 SPW 0.650
LHD-5 CLUSTER 5 SPW 0.967
LHD-23 CLUSTER 5 SPW 0.872
LHD-19 CLUSTER 5 SPW 0.182
LHD-18 CLUSTER 13 SPW 0.286
LHD-13 CLUSTER 13 SPW 1.307
DATA OF ANALYSIS RESULTS
Cluster 4
Cluster 5
Cluster 13
POOL COOLING WATER OR DISPOSAL
SAMPLE CODE LOCATION WATER TYPE CONCENTRATION As (ppm)
RL-5 CLUSTER 5 DISPOSAL 4.271
RL-14 CLUSTER 13 CONDENSATE COOLING TOWER
0.134
RL-17 CLUSTER 13 WEIR BOX 0.341
RL-21 CLUSTER 4 CONDENSATE COOLING TOWER
0.018
RL-23 CLUSTER 4 POOL 1.830
RL-24 CLUSTER 5 WEIR BOX 2.575
SURFACE WATER
SAMPLE CODE LOCATION TYPE OF WATER CONCENTRATION As (ppm)
RL-6 KELONG RIVER DOWN STREAM 3.0027
RL-7 KELONG RIVER (US)
UPSTREAM 0.017
RL-8 LINAU LAKE OUTLET 0.364
RL-13 LEILEM RIVER (DS
DOWN STREAM 0.65
RL-18 LEILEM RIVER (US)
UP STREAM 0.049
SEDMENT KELONG RIVER UPSTREAM 0.0023
SEDIMENT KELONG RIVER DOWNSTREAM 0.065
DATA OF ANALISIS RESULTS
GROUNDWATER AND SPRINGSSAMPLE CODE
LOCATION SAMPLE TYPE CONCENTRATION As (ppm)
RL-1 LHD-7 DUG WELL 0.04
RL-3 PANGOLOMBIAN DUG WELL 0.009
RL-9 LEILEM DUG WELL 0.023
RL-12 LEILEM DUG WELL NOT DETECTED
RL-20 TONDANGOW COLD SPRING NOT DETECTED
RL-22 KASURATAN DUG WELL NOT DETECTED
RL-25 TUMATANGTANG HOT SPRING 0.414
RL-2 DANAU LINAU BOILING SPRING
0.017
As CONTOUR IN GROUNDWATER
CONCLUSION
• FLUIDS PRODUCTION AND DISPOSAL OF LAHENDONG GEOTHERMAL FIELD HAVE As CONCENTRATION IS HIGH
• KELONG RIVER AND LEILEM RIVER IN DOWNSTREAM SIDE HAVE EXPERIENCED CONTAMINATION AND ALSO SEDIMENT RIVER
• GROUDWATER AS PEOPLE WELLS HAVE As CONCENTRATION LESS THAN WHO REGUALTED VALUE, BUT SHOULD BE MONITORED REGULARLY
UBL-8UBL-5
UBL-6UBL-720% open
Full open
close
close
Alur Uji Produksi
20”-16”16”-14”
14”-10”
16”-14”
16”-14”20”-16”
silencer
silencer
Rock muffler
10”sch 80
14”-300
Tp
4”-300
14”-300
14”-300
14”-300
14”-300
14”-300
10”-300
14”sch 80
10”-300
14”-sch 80
14”sch 80
10”sch 80
12”-14”
12”-14”
12”-14”
12”-10”
pp
14”-10”
14”-300
14”-300
14”sch 80
14”-300
Tp
14”-300
10”-300
bartonreducer
p pressure gate
T thermometer
valveketerangan
Tp