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AS/NZS 2947.1:1999
Australian/New Zealand Standard
InsulatorsPorcelain and glass foroverhead power linesVoltagesgreater than 1000 V a.c.
Part 1: Test methodsInsulator units
[Based on and including the full text of IEC 60383-1:1993]
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AS/NZS 2947.1:1999
This Joint Australian/New Zealand Standard was prepared by Joint TechnicalCommittee EL/10, Overhead Lines. It was approved on behalf of the Council ofStandards Australia on 7 December 1998 and on behalf of the Council of StandardsNew Zealand on 26 November 1998. It was published on 5 March 1999.
The following interests are represented on Committee EL/10:
Australasian Railway AssociationAustralian Chamber of Commerce and IndustryAustralian Electrical and Electronic Manufacturers AssociationElectricity Engineers Association of New ZealandElectricity Supply Association of Australia
Review of Standards. To keep abreast of progress in industry, Joint Australian/New Zealand Standards are subject to periodic review and are kept up to date by the issueof amendments or new editions as necessary. It is important therefore that Standards usersensure that they are in possession of the latest edition, and any amendments thereto.
Full details of all Joint Standards and related publications will be found in the StandardsAustralia and Standards New Zealand Catalogue of Publications; this information issupplemented each month by the magazines The Australian Standard and StandardsNew Zealand, which subscribing members receive, and which give details of newpublications, new editions and amendments, and of withdrawn Standards.
Suggestions for improvements to Joint Standards, addressed to the head office of either
Standards Australia or Standards New Zealand, are welcomed. Notification of anyinaccuracy or ambiguity found in a Joint Australian/New Zealand Standard should be madewithout delay in order that the matter may be investigated and appropriate action taken.
This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 98050.
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AS/NZS 2947.1:1999
Australian/New Zealand Standard
InsulatorsPorcelain and glass foroverhead power linesVoltagesgreater than 1000 V a.c.
Part 1: Test methodsInsulator units
Originated as part of AS C671939 and AS C67 Supplement 11947.Previous edition, in part, AS 2947.1 1989.AS 2947.1 1989 jointly revised and designated, in part, as AS/NZS 2947.1:1999.
Published jointly by:
Standards Australia1 The Crescent,Homebush NSW 2140 Australia
Standards New ZealandLevel 10, Radio New Zealand House,155 The Terrace,Wellington 6001 New Zealand
ISBN 0 7337 2523 6
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PREFACE
This Standard was prepared by the Joint Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand Committee
EL/10, Overhead Lines, to supersede, in part, AS 2947.11989, Insulators Porcelain and glassfor overhead power lines Voltages greater than 1000 V a.c., Part 1: Test methods.
This Standard is based on but not equivalent to, and has been reproduced from, IEC 60383-1:1993,
Insulators for overhead lines with a nomi nal voltage above 1000 V, Part 1: Ceramic or glass
insulator units for a.c. systemsDefinitions, test methods and acceptance criteria.
In January 1997, IEC commenced numbering its Standards from 60000 by adding 60000 to the
number of each existing Standard. This coordinates IEC numbering with ISO numbering. During the
transition period an IEC Standard might be identified by its new number (e.g. IEC 60050 orIEC 50).
This Standard is Part 1 of a series covering porcelain and glass insulators for overhead power lineswith voltages greater than 1000 V a.c. which, when complete, will be as follows:
Part 1: Test methods Insulator units (this Standard)
Part 2: Characteristics
Part 3: Couplings
Part 4: Test methods Insulator strings and insulator sets
The objective of this Standard is to provide users and manufacturers of porcelain and glass
insulators for overhead lines with definitions of terms, requirements and acceptance criteria tofacilitate the specifications of insulator units.
The terms normative and informative have been used in this Standard to define the application ofthe annex to which they apply. A normative annex is an integral part of a Standard, whereas an
informative annex is only for information and guidance.
For the purposes of this Standard the source text is modified as follows:
(a) The source text is amended, supplemented or replaced as set out in Annex ZZ.
(b) In the source text, this part of IEC 383 should read this Australian/New Zealand Standard.
(c) A full point should substitute for a comma when referring to a decimal marker.
Sections 1 to 5 of this Standard contain general requirements and relevant test procedures. Sections6 to 9 cover five different types of insulators, as follows:
Section 6: Pin insulators and shackle insulators.
Section 7: Line post insulators.
Section 8: String insulator units.Section 9: Insulators for overhead electric traction lines.
Sections 6, 7 and 8 each contains a cross-reference table giving the tests applicable to the insulatorsand the quantity of insulators to be tested. Section 9, dealing with traction insulators, does not have
a cross-reference table as traction insulators can be referenced to one of the three other types of
insulator dealt with by this Standard.
The user of this Standard need only refer to the Section dealing with the type of insulator to be
tested and to the general requirements and relevant test procedures contained in Sections 1 to 5.
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References to International Standards should be replaced by equivalent Australian or JointAustralian/New Zealand Standards as follows:
Reference to International Standard Australian or Joint Australian/New Zealand
Standard
IEC AS60050(471) International Electrotechnical
Vocabulary (IEV)
Chapter 471: Insulators
1852 International Electrotechnical
Vocabulary
1852.471 Chapter 471: Insulators
60060 Hi gh-vol tage t est te chniques 1931 High volt age te st ing tec hniques
60060-1 Part 1: General definitions and test
requirements
1931.1 Part 1: General definitions, test
requirements, test procedures andmeasuring devices
60120 Dimensions of ball and socketcouplings of string insulator units
2947 Insulators Porcelain and glass foroverhead power linesVoltages
greater than 1000 V a.c.
2947.3 Part 3: Couplings
60305 Characteristics of string insulator units
of the cap and pin type
2947 Insulators Porcelain and glass for
overhead power linesVoltagesgreater than 1000 V a.c.
2947.2 Part 2: Characteristics
60372 Locking devices for ball and socket
couplings of string insulator units:Dimensions and tests
2947 Insulators Porcelain and glass for
overhead power linesVoltagesgreater than 1000 V a.c.
2947.3 Part 3: Couplings
60433 Characteristics of string insulator unitsof the long rod type
2947 Insulators Porcelain and glass foroverhead power linesVoltagesgreater than 1000 V a.c.
2947.2 Part 2: Characteristics
60471 Dimensions of clevis and tongue
couplings of string insulator units
2947 Insulators Porcelain and glass for
overhead power linesVoltagesgreater than 1000 V a.c.
2947.3 Part 3: Couplings
60720 Characteristics of line post insulators 2947 InsulatorsPorcelain and glass foroverhead power linesVoltages
greater than 1000 V a.c.
2947.2 Part 2: Characteristics
60797 Residual strength of string insulatorunits of glass or ceramic material for
overhead lines after mechanical damage
of the dielectric
60815 Guide for the selection of insulators in
respect of polluted conditions
4436 Guide for the selection of insulators in
respect of polluted conditions
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IEC
61325 Insulators for overhead lines with a
nominal voltage above 1000 VCeramic or glass insulator units for d.c.
systemsDefinitions, test methods andacceptance criteria
AS
TR1211 Insulators of ceramic material or glassfor overhead lines with a nominal
voltage greater than 1000 V
Puncture testing
ISO
1459 Metallic coatingsProtection against
corrosion by hot dip galvanizing
Guiding principles
1214 Hot-dip galvanized coatings on
threaded fasteners (ISO metric coarse
thread series)
1460 Metallic coatingsHot dip galvanized
coatings on ferrous materialsDetermination of the mass per unit
areaGravimetric method
1214 Hot-dip galvanized coatings on
threaded fasteners (ISO metric coarsethread series)
1461 Metallic coatingsHot dip galvanized
coatings on fabricated ferrous
productsRequirements
1214 Hot-dip galvanized coatings on
threaded fasteners (ISO metric coarse
thread series)
1463 Metallic and oxide coatings
Measurement of coating thicknessMicroscopical method
2064 Metallic and other non-organiccoatingsDefinitions and conventions
concerning the measurement ofthickness
2178 Non-magnetic coatings on magnetic
substratesMeasurement of coatingthicknessMagnetic method
The following documents are also referred to in this Standard:
AS
1650 Hot-dipped galvanized coatings on ferrous articles
4436 Guide for the selection of insulators in respect of polluted conditions
Copyright STANDARDS AUSTRALIA/ STANDARDS NEW ZEALAND
Users of Standards are reminded that copyright subsists in all Standards Australia and Standards New Zealand publications and software.Except where the Copyright Act allows and except where provided for below no publications or software produced byStandards Australia or Standards New Zealand may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system in any form or transmitted by any meanswithout prior permission in writing from Standards Australia or Standards New Zealand. Permission may be conditional on anappropriate royalty payment. Australian requests for permission and information on commercial software royalties should be directed tothe head office of Standards Australia. New Zealand requests should be directed to Standards New Zealand.
Up to 10 percent of the technical content pages of a Standard may be copied for use exclusively in-house by purchasers of theStandard without payment of a royalty or advice to Standards Australia or Standards New Zealand.
Inclusion of copyright material in computer software programs is also permitted without royalty payment provided such programsare used exclusively in-house by the creators of the programs.
Care should be taken to ensure that material used is from the current edition of the Standard and that it is updated whenever the Standard
is amended or revised. The number and date of the Standard should therefore be clearly identified.
The use of material in print form or in computer software programs to be used commercially, with or without payment, or in commercialcontracts is subject to the payment of a royalty. This policy may be varied by Standards Australia or Standards New Zealand at any time.
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CONTENTS
Section 1: General
Clause Page
1 S cope and object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 Normative references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
3 Definit ions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.1 Insulator string . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3 .2 Pin insu lat or . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.3 Line post insulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.4 Tract ion insulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3 .5 Lo t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3 .6 Fl ash ove r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.7 Dry l ightning impulse withstand voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.8 50 % dry lightning impulse flashover voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.9 Wet power-frequency withstand voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.10 Electromechanical fai ling load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.11 Mechanical fail ing load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.12 P uncture voltage 23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.13 Creepage distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.14 Displacements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.15 S hort standard string . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.16 Specified characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Section 2: Insulators
4 Classification, types of insulators and insulating materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.1 Insulator classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.2 Insulator types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.3 Insulat ing materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
5 Identif ication of insulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Section 3 - Classification of tests,
sampling rules and procedures
6 Classification of tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
6 .1 Ty pe te sts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
6.2 S ample tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6.3 Routine tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
7 Quali ty assurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
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Clause Page
8 Procedures for type and sample tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
8.1 Insulator selection for type tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.2 Sampling rules and procedures for sample tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
8.3 Re-test procedure for sample tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Section 4: Test procedures for electrical tests
9 General requirements for high voltage tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
10 Standard atmospheric conditions and correction factors
for electrical tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
10.1 Standard reference atmosphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
10.2 Correction factors for atmospheric conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
11 Artificial rain parameters for wet tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
12 Mounting arrangements for electrical tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
13 Lightning impulse voltage tests (type test) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
13.1 Test procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
13.2 Acceptance criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
14 Wet power-frequency voltage tests (type test) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
14.1 Test procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
14.2 Acceptance criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1315 Puncture withstand test (sample test, for class B insulators only) . . . . . . . 13
15.1 Power-frequency puncture withstand test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
15.2 Impulse overvoitage puncture withstand test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
16 Routine electrical test (only on class B insulators of ceramic
material or annealed glass) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Section 5: Test procedures for
mechanical and other tests
17 Verification of the dimensions (type and sample test) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
18 Electromechanical failing load test (type and sample test) . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
18.1 Test procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
18.2 Acceptance criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
19 Mechanical failing load test (type and sample test) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
19.1 Test procedure for pin and line post insulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
19.2 Test procedure for string insulator units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
19.3 Acceptance criteria for pin insulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
19.4 Acceptance criteria for string insulator units and line post insulators . 17
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Clause Page
20 Thermal-mechanical performance test (type test) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
20.1 Test procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
20.2 Acceptance criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
21 Verification of the axial, radial and angular displacements (sample test) . . . . . . . . 19
21.1 Test procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
21.2 Acceptance criteria for cap and pin insulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
21.3 Acceptance criteria for long rod insulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
22 Verification of the locking system (sample test) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
22.1 Conformity of the locking device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
22.2 Verification of locking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
22.3 Position of the locking device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
22.4 Procedure for the operation test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2122.5 Acceptance criteria for the operation test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
23 Temperature cycle test (sample test) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
23.1 Test procedure for string insulator units, pin insulators and
line post insulators composed of ceramic material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
23.2 Test procedure for string insulator units, pin insulators and
line post insulators composed of annealed glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
23.3 Special test procedure for insulators with thick sections or very large
insulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
23.4 Complementary specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
23.5 Acceptance criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
24 Thermal shock test (sample test) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
24.1 Test procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
24.2 Acceptance criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
25 Porosity test (sample test) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
25.1 Test procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
25.2 Acceptance criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
26 Galvanizing test (sample test) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
26.1 Test procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
26.1.1 Appearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
26.1.2 Determination of the coating mass by the magnetic
test method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
26.2 Acceptance criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
26.2.1 Acceptance criteria for the appearance test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
26.2.2 Acceptance criteria for the value of coating mass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
27 Routine visual inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
27.1 Insulators with ceramic insulating parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
27.2 Insulators with glass insulating parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
28 Routine mechanical test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
28.1 Routine mechanical test on line post insulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
28.2 Routine mechanical test on string insulator units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
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Section 6: Pin Insulators
Clause Page
29 Mounting arrangements for tests on pin insulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
29.1 Standard mounting arrangement for electrical tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
29.2 Mounting arrangements for electrical tests reproducing
service conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
29.3 Mounting arrangement for the mechanical failing load test . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Section 7: Line post Insulators
30 Coefficients for statistical analysis of the test results online post insulators . . . . . . 31
30.1 Coefficient for type tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
30.2 Coefficients for sample tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
31 Mounting arrangements for tests on line post insulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
31.1 Standard mounting arrangement for electrical tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
31.2 Mounting arrangements for electrical tests reproducing
service conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
31.3 Mounting arrangement for the mechanical failing load test . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Section 8: String insulator units
32 Prescriptions concerning type tests on string insulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
32.1 Electrical type tests on string insulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
32.2 Mechanical type tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
33 Coefficients for statistical analysis of the test results
on string insulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
33.1 Coefficient for type tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
33.2 Coefficients for sample tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
34 Mounting arrangements for electrical tests on string insulator units . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Section 9: Insulators for overhead electric traction lines
35 Mounting arrangements for electrical tests on insulators for
overhead electric traction lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3835.1 Standard mounting arrangement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
35.2 Mounting arrangement representing service conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Annexes
A Method of comparison of the results of electromechanical or mechanical type
and sample tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
B Illustration of the mechanical and electromechanical test acceptance
procedure for string insulator units and line post insulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
C List of normative documents given for information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Annex ZZ Variations to IEC 60383-1 for application in Australia and New Zealand . . . 51
7/31/2019 As NZS 2947.1-1999 Insulators - Porcelain and Glass for Overhead Power Lines - Voltages Greater Than 1000 v A
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7/31/2019 As NZS 2947.1-1999 Insulators - Porcelain and Glass for Overhead Power Lines - Voltages Greater Than 1000 v A
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AS/NZS 2947.1:1999, Insulators - Porcelain andglass for overhead power lines - Voltages greaterthan 1000 V a.c. Test methods - Insulator units
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