Industrial Training Report
At
Jaipur (Rajasthan)
Submitted to- Submitted by-
Mr. RISHI CHAWLA ASHUTOSH SACHAN
Production Manager Central Institute of Plastics Engineering &
HCCBPL, Jaipur Technology (CIPET), Lucknow
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that ASHUTOSH SACHAN student of B.Tech. (Plastic Engineering)
(2nd
YEAR) [2009-2013] from Central Institute of Plastics Engineering &
Technology, Lucknow has successfully completed his summer training at Hindustan
Coca-Cola Beverages Pvt. Ltd., Jaipur, for a period of four weeks, commenced on 20th
June, 2011.
Mr. RISHI CHAWLA
Production Manager
HCCBPL
Jaipur (Rajasthan)
INDEX
Preface
Overview of the Coca-Cola company
The Coca-Cola Company
Coca-Cola System
Hindustan Coca-Cola Beverages Pvt. Ltd., Jaipur
RGB line overview
RGB line flow-chart
RGB line functioning
Curbing Breakage of glass bottles on RGB line
Prime locations of bottles breakage
Immediate actions
Long term plans
PET Bottling Plant Overview
PET Bottling Plant flow-chart
Polyethylene Terephthalate
PET Bottle Processing Equipment
Blow Molding
Extrusion blow molding
Injection blow molding
Stretch blow molding.
Types of Defects in PET Bottles
Basic Equipment Care (BEC)
Total Productive Maintenance (TPM)
PREFACE
In-Plant training has been misinterpreted by most of us, Industrial
training, in a true sense, has been included in the curriculum to make the
students well versed with the technical procedure of various industries
and the basic criteria for management of resources in a company or
industry.
The educational institutions sole aim by
industrial training is to improve the technical know-how and to have a
hand on experience to make them realistic in thinking to understanding
the procedure for manufacturing keeping in mind the minute detail
which will benefit the customer. Like no learning is proper without
implementation, similarly the terms and procedures we learn are of no
use until and unless we bring them in practical applications.
To summarize, industrial training
teaches us industrial ethics, advance technical know-how and helps us to
get acquainted with industrial working style.
The document summaries the current
state of Hindustan Coca Cola Beverages Pvt. Ltd., Jaipur, Rajasthan. The
document provides information working procedure and final products of
different divisions. Overall it provides a common wide understanding of
its production procedures & end products.
The Coca-Cola Company is a beverage retailer,
manufacturer and marketer of non-alcoholic beverage concentrates
and syrups. The company is best known for its flagship product Coca-
Cola, invented by pharmacist John Stith Pemberton in 1886. The Coca-
Cola formula and brand was bought in 1889 by Asa Candler who
incorporated The Coca-Cola Company in 1892. Besides its namesake
Coca-Cola beverage, Coca-Cola currently offers more than 500 brands in
over 200 countries or territories and serves over 1.6 billion servings
each day.
The company operates a franchised distribution system
dating from 1889 where The Coca-Cola Company only produces syrup
concentrate which is then sold to various bottlers throughout the world the
bottlers hold an exclusive territory contracts with the company, produce
finished product in cans and bottles from the concentrate in combination
with filtered water and sweeteners. The bottlers then sell, distribute and
merchandise Coca-Cola to retail stores and vending machines. Such
bottlers include Coca-Cola Enterprises & Hindustan Coca-Cola Beverages
Pvt. Ltd which is the bottler in India.
The Coca-Cola Company is headquartered
in Atlanta, Georgia. the Coca-Cola company 0ffers 16 brands namely
Coca-Cola, Diet Coke, Thumsup, Sprite, Fanta, Limca, Maaza, Maaza
Milky Delite, Minute Maid Pulpy Orange, MM Nimbu Fresh, Burn,
Kinley Water, Kinley Soda, Nestea, Schweppes & GEORGIA Gold.
At the core of business in India, as in the rest of the
world is the production and distribution network, which is called the
“Coca-Cola system”. Globally, the Coca-Cola system includes the
Company and more than 300 bottling partners. The Coca-Cola Company
manufactures and sells concentrate and beverage bases. The authorized
bottlers combine the concentrate or beverage bases as the case may be
with sweetener (depending on the product), water or carbonated water to
produce finished beverages. These finished beverages are packaged in
authorized containers bearing trademarks -- such as cans, refillable glass
bottles, non-refillable PET bottles and tetra packs -- and are then sold to
wholesalers or retailers. In India, additionally, the Company also sells
certain powdered beverage mixes such as Vitingo and Fanta Fun Taste.
The beverages reach ultimate consumers through
customers: the grocers, small retailers, hypermarkets, restaurants,
convenience stores and millions of other businesses that are the final
points of distribution in the Coca-Cola system. What truly defines the
Coca-Cola system, and indeed what makes it unique among businesses, is
the ability to create value for customers and consumers.
In India, the Coca-Cola system comprises of a wholly
owned subsidiary of The Coca-Cola Company namely Coca-Cola India
Pvt. Ltd which manufactures and sells concentrate and beverage bases and
powdered beverage mixes, a Company-owned bottling entity, namely,
Hindustan Coca-Cola Beverages Pvt. Ltd; thirteen authorized bottling
partners of The Coca-Cola Company, who are authorized to prepare,
package, sell and distribute beverages under certain specified trademarks
of The Coca-Cola
Company and an extensive distribution system comprising of customers,
distributors and retailers. Coca-Cola India Private Limited sells
concentrate and beverage bases to authorized bottlers who are authorized
to use these to produce portfolio of beverages. These authorized bottlers
independently develop local markets and distribute beverages to grocers,
small retailers, supermarkets, restaurants and numerous other businesses.
In turn, these customers make beverages available to consumers across
India.
Hindustan Coca-Cola Beverages Pvt. Ltd., Jaipur
Hindustan Coca-Cola Beverages Private Limited at Jaipur was started in late
1999.
To be exact on 26th
December’ 1999, with the production started with the
RGB line, i.e. Return Glass Bottle Line.
PET bottling plant was installed in the year 2003, where the PET bottles were
formed and filled.
Today both the lines are running successfully with an average production of
36000 thousand bottles per hour in RGB Line, i.e. with approximately
capacity of 8,64,000 bottles in a single day. And with 7000-9000 PET bottles
per hour, i.e. approximately capacity of 1,68,000 - 2,16,000 PET bottles
according to different size variants, ranging from 600ml to 2.25 litres
RGB Line overview
The RGB line deals with the filling of glass bottles of
different shape & volumes. RGB stands for Return Glass Bottle. In
this line empty glass bottles that are brought back from the market are
refilled with fresh beverages. This line has very high production rate
up to 600 BPM (bottles per minute) which results in the production of
36000 bottles per hour which is amongst the highest rate of
production of finished goods in a manufacturing unit.
In this line two key machines that are used is the bottle
filler & crowning machine and the bottles washer. The dirty bottles
are cleaned using the bottles washer that removes all dirt & germs
form the bottles and then the bottles are filled & crowned by the
bottle filler & crowning machine.
This production line is a fully automated line in which
the bottles move on a moving conveyor line, this provides high work
standard & quality to the product.
RGB line (Return Glass Bottle line) flowchart
1. Input-bottles are
transferred in crates to
conveyor line
2. Bottles are washed by a
water jet
4. Bottles are inspected
manually for irregularities
5. Bottles are washed in a
6-phase bottles washer
6. Bottles are transferred
from bottle washer to filler
conveyor line
7. ASEBI machine separates
defective bottles
8. Beverage is filled in
bottles & crowned by
bottle filler
9. Inkjet printer prints mrp.
and other info on the
bottles
3. Bottles are transferred
from crates to main
conveyor line by encaser
10. Filled bottles are
inspected for defects
manually and separated
11. Filled bottles are
transferred from conveyor
to crates by caser
Flow chart
illustrating
functioning of
RGB line
Empty crates are sent to
crate cleaner for cleaning
Cleaned crates are sent
from crate cleaner to caser
Functioning of RGB line
1. Bottles to be filled are loaded on the conveyor in crates for filling manually. A
worker transfers the crates one by one to the conveyor from the stack of crates.
2. A water jet cleans the bottles in the crates, this removes some of the dust & other
unwanted materials form the bottles in the crates.
3. The bottles are now transferred from the crates to the conveyor by encase.
The encaser picks up 96 bottles in one go i.e. it picks up bottles from four crates in
one go that is a total of 96 bottles.
4. The bottles are inspected manually for bottles of different brands than the once
that are under production. The unwanted once are removed.
5. The bottles are washed in a 6-phase bottles washer. The bottles washer cleans the
bottles using hot water and a number of chemical cleaning agents.
It mainly uses hot water & caustic for cleaning the bottles. This machine uses
moving pockets for taking the dirty bottles into it for cleaning & putting the
cleaned bottles back to the conveyor.
It has groups of 40 pockets lined together in which the bottles are kept such that
their neck is on the inside of the neck.
The six cleaning steps in a bottles washer are:-
1) Pre rinse by 3 jets.
2) Pre caustic soak 1
3) Pre caustic soak 2
4) Hydro cleaning
5) Pre final rinse treatment 1
6) Pre final rinse treatment 2
6. The cleaned bottles are transferred from the bottles cleaner to the filler
conveyor and are sent for filling to the filler.
7. The EBI machine separates the defective bottles i.e. the bottles with
chipped finish are discarded & the once those are dirty are sent for rewash.
This machine is a credible and precise rotary type inspection machine that
automatically inspects damage, flaw, external substances (bottom and
sidewall of bottle) and uncleanness in an empty bottle. This inspects the
sidewall of glass containers that camera & illumination is installed to
inspect the inclusions, bubbles, stone, bird wings, laps etc. The machine
performs an inspection without contact between bottle and machine
regardless the production speed. This machine uses a preloaded image that is used as standard, the bottles
passing through the machine are compared to the standard.
8. Beverage is filled in the bottles by the filler and is crowned simultaneously
by the same machine. This machine is a computer controlled machine that
fills pressurized carbonated drink in the bottles. The vent first sends carbon
dioxide inside the bottle that in turn develops a counter pressure that
opens a valve which enables inlet of beverage in the bottle. As soon as the
bottles are filled the filled bottles are transferred to the crowning section
where the crowns are fitted on the heads of the bottles which seals them.
9. The inkjet printer prints data as required on the filled bottles. The printer
generally prints maximum retail price, batch number of production,
production date & time on the bottle.
The data to be printed on the bottles is set by a computer system in the
machine comprising of a display & keyboard. The data to be printed is set
using this system.
10. The filled bottles are inspected manually for leaked bottles, bottles that
are not filled properly & bottles that are not crowned properly.
The bottles that are found defective are removed and are sent for refilling.
11. The filled bottles are transferred from the conveyor line to the crates by
caser.
Curbing Breakage of glass bottles on RGB line
Prime locations of bottles breakage
1. At the place where the worker loads the crates on the conveyor.
2. At the EBI where bottles with chipped finish are discarded
3. At the crate cleaner
4. At the filling machine
5. Along the conveyor belt ( bottles fall due to slipping off the conveyor)
6. At the location where crowned bottles are inspected for defects.
Immediate actions
Placing bins of proper shape for bottle collection instead of drums used
presently at specified locations.
Bins of such shape will enable proper collection of the bottles and easy
replacement when filled. The bins should have wheels that would make
them easily movable when they are filled helping the workers to
remove them easily form time to time.
Locations for use of such bins:- EBI machine, crate cleaner &
inspection site of crowned bottled.
The size of the guard rails on the conveyor could be increased on the
turn, this will reduce the slipping of bottles on the turns because
generally many bottles fall on the turns which result in bottles breakage.
Long term plans
At the loading site where worker puts the crates on the conveyor
A conveyor could be installed below the main conveyor that moves opposite
in direction to the main conveyor, it would carry the bottles to a specified
point where the bottles could be collected and removed periodically. This is
the only possible measure at this location because there is no room for
placing a bin for collection of bottles.
The above sketch shows the side view of the conveyor that could be installed
below the main crate carrying conveyor this conveyor would carry the bottles
falling from the crates.
The sketch below shows the front view of the conveyor that could be
installed below the main crate carrying conveyor, metal sheets or metallic
mesh could be installed as side guards which would guide the bottles falling
into the moving conveyor below the main conveyor.
At the EBI where bottles with chipped finish are discarded
A conveyor could be set here also carry the bottles to a specified point where
the bottles could be collected and removed periodically.
Or
AGC (automatic guided carts) could be used to collect, carry & dump the
bottles at a predefined site.
AGC (automatic guided carts) are smart carts that move on pre specified
path marked by magnetic tape. Set of two AGCs could be deployed at every
site to collect and dump the broken glass bottles.
System for removal of glass spilled on the floor
Commercial vacuum cleaner can be deployed for removal of glass pieces on
the floor. A high suction vacuum cleaner can lift small and larger pieces of
glass. This could be operated by just a single person at certain time intervals
in the production area especially inside the filling room to remove glass
pieces from the floor.
PET Bottling Plant Overview
1. The packaged preform or parison are fed to the hopper, through which they are fed to the stretch
blow molding machine.
2. The preforms in the stretch blow molding machine are provided a rotary motion and are
sufficiently heated above the glass transition temperature of PET i.e. 76 degrees, with the help
of heaters of wattage 1600W and 1200W and then are fed to the two piece mould for blow
molding, where they are first stretched longitudinally with the help of a stretching rod, and then
pre final pressured air (14-16 bar) is blown followed by a final pressure of 34-36 bar.
3. The pet bottle takes the shape of the mould and is cooled down inside the mould itself. A
continuous flow of cold water takes place inside the mould for cooling of the PET bottles.
4. Formed PET bottles are transferred through air conveyers through blowers
5. The bottles are then fed to the filling area where they are first washed with water at a pressure of
2 kilograms
6. Then in the filling area, a pressure of five kilograms is applied, to check any leakage or
deformation in the bottle. If any bottle detected with leakage the beverage is not filled inside
and is rejected.
7. After application of pressure, carbonated beverage is then filled inside the PET bottles and then
capping of bottles takes place.
8. After capping the bottles are fed through conveyor to the warmer for warming the bottles, so as
to remove the condensed water vapors from the bottle surface. Warm water at a temperature of
40 degrees is used.
9. After warming up the filled bottles the send for labeling, where the labels of the particular
variant is made to stick on the beverage bottles.
10. After labeling, coding is done. Batch number, date and time are printed on the bottles.
Then the bottles are fed to the caser machine where they are packed in cartons, followed by upper
tapping of the cartons, and then the cartons are manually lifted and stacked.
Preforms or Parison
Rotary Motion
Heating of Preform
Stretch Blow Molding
PET Bottle
Air Conveyor Filling Area
Washing at 2kg water
pressure.
5kg Air pressure
Capping (Sealing)
Transfer to warmer
Labeling
&
Coding
Caser Machine
&
Carton packaging.
Flow Chart: Plant Overview
Polyethylene Terephthalate
(PET)
Polyethylene terephthalate (sometimes written poly(ethylene terephthalate)), commonly abbreviated
PET, PETE, or the obsolete PETP or PET-P, is a thermoplastic polymer resin of the polyester family
made by condensing ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid, and is used in synthetic fibers; beverage,
food and other liquid containers; thermoforming applications; and engineering resins often in
combination with glass fiber.
Polyethylene Terephthalate
PET is a semi-crystalline thermoplastic, which softens at approx. 76°C (what is called “Glass
Transition”). Above this temperature, the material becomes elastic, and can be formed, a property
utilized effectively in the Stretch Blow Molding process.
Due to its glass transition at approx. 76°C, PET is initially unsuitable as a bottle material for a hot-
filling process above this temperature, since deformations may occur: Firstly, the bottles shrink, since
they “remember” their previous shape (namely the preform), and secondly they collapse under internal
pressure, a typical phenomenon during the cool-down period after hot filling.
PET Bottle processing equipment
There are two basic molding methods for PET bottles, one-step and two-step.
In two-step molding, two separate machines are used. The first machine injection molds the
preform, which resembles a test tube, with the bottle-cap threads already molded into place. The
body of the tube is significantly thicker, as it will be inflated into its final shape in the second
step using stretch blow molding.
In the second step, the preforms are heated rapidly and then inflated against a two-part mold to
form them into the final shape of the bottle.
In one-step machines, the entire process from raw material to finished container is conducted
within one machine, making it especially suitable for molding non-standard shapes (custom
molding), including jars, flat oval, flask shapes etc. Its greatest merit is the reduction in space,
product handling and energy, and far higher visual quality than can be achieved by the two-step
system.
Blow Molding
Blow molding (also known as blow molding or blow forming) is a manufacturing process by which
hollow plastic parts are formed.
In general, there are three main types of blow molding:
Extrusion blow molding,
Injection blow molding, and
Stretch blow molding.
The blow molding process begins with melting down the plastic and forming it into a parison or
preform. The parison is a tube-like piece of plastic with a hole in one end in which compressed air
can pass through.
The parison or preform is then clamped into a mold and air is pumped into it. The air pressure then
pushes the plastic out to match the mold. Once the plastic has cooled and hardened the mold opens up
and the part is ejected.
Extrusion blow molding
In extrusion blow molding (EBM), plastic is melted and extruded into a hollow tube (a
preform). This preform is then captured by closing it into a cooled metal mold. Air is then blown into
the preform, inflating it into the shape of the hollow bottle, container or part. After the plastic has
cooled sufficiently, the mold is opened and the part is ejected. Continuous and Intermittent are two
variations of Extrusion Blow Molding.
In Continuous Extrusion Blow Molding the preform is extruded continuously and the individual parts
are cut off by a suitable knife.
In Intermittent blow molding there are two processes: straight intermittent is similar to injection
molding whereby the screw turns, then stops and pushes the melt out. With the accumulator method, an
accumulator gathers melted plastic and when the previous mold has cooled and enough plastic has
accumulated, a rod pushes the melted plastic and forms the preform. In this case the screw may turn
continuously or intermittently.
EBM processes may be either continuous (constant extrusion of the preform) or intermittent.
Extrusion blow molding
1. Reciprocating screw 6. Heaters
2. Compressed air; 7. Grinding, mixing
3. Hopper; 8. Actuator’s hydraulic generator
4. Granules; 9. Draw plate
5. Barrel; 10. Core/punch
Injection blow molding
The process of injection blow molding (IBM) is used for the production of hollow glass and
plastic objects in large quantities. In the IBM process, the polymer is injection molded onto a core pin;
then the core pin is rotated to a blow molding station to be inflated and cooled. This is the least-used of
the three blow molding processes, and is typically used to make small medical and single serve bottles.
The process is divided into three steps: injection, blowing and ejection.
The injection blow molding machine is based on an extruder barrel and screw assembly which melts
the polymer. The molten polymer is fed into a manifold where it is injected through nozzles into a
hollow, heated preform mold. The preform mold forms the external shape and is clamped around a
mandrel (the core rod) which forms the internal shape of the preform. The preform consists of a fully
formed bottle/jar neck with a thick tube of polymer attached, which will form the body.
The preform mold opens and the core rod is rotated and clamped into the hollow, chilled blow mold.
The core rod opens and allows compressed air into the preform, which inflates it to the finished article
shape.
After a cooling period the blow mold opens and the core rod is rotated to the ejection position. The
finished article is stripped off the core rod and leak-tested prior to packing. The preform and blow mold
can have many cavities, typically three to sixteen depending on the article size and the required output.
There are three sets of core rods, which allow concurrent preform injection, blow molding and ejection.
Injection Blow Molding Machine
Stretch Blow Molding
In the stretch blow molding (SBM) process, the plastic is first molded into a "preform" using
the injection molding process. These preforms are produced with the necks of the bottles, including
threads (the "finish") on one end. These preforms are packaged, and fed later (after cooling) into a
reheat stretch blow molding machine. In the SBM process, the preforms are heated (typically using
infrared heaters) above their glass transition temperature, then blown using high pressure air into
bottles using metal blow molds. Usually the preform is stretched with a core rod as part of the process.
In the single-stage process both preform manufacture and bottle blowing are performed in the same
machine. The stretching of some polymers, such as PET (polyethylene terephthalate) results in strain
hardening of the resin, allowing the bottles to resist deforming under the pressures formed by
carbonated beverages. The main applications are bottles, jars and other containers.
Advantages of blow molding include: low tool and die cost; fast production rates; ability to mold
complex part; produces recyclable parts
Disadvantages of blow molding include: limited to hollow parts, wall thickness is hard to control.
Stretch Blow Molding Process
Types of Defects in PET Bottles
Deformed neck
Folded neck
Base Clearance on a Champagne Base Bottle
Choked Bottle
Excess material on the base
Flat on the parting line
Magnification effect
Magnification effect on base
Off centered injection point
Opalescence
Pearlscence
Punctured base
White feet
White feet / injection point off centered
White feet / over stretched base
DEFORMED NECK
Causes:
Excessive temperation in the zone under the neck
FOLDED NECK
Causes:
Wrong profile in the oven
Late pre-blowing
Pre-blowing pressure too low
BASE CLEARANCE ON A
CHAMPAGNE BASE BOTTLE
Causes:
Mold temperature excessively hot
Excessive heat and temperature in base zones
CHOKED BOTTLE
Causes:
Low temperature in the oven
Delay in the pre-blow
EXCESS MATERIAL
ON THE BASE
Causes:
Low temperature in Zones 7 & 8
Delay in pre-blowing
Pre-blow pressure low
OFF-CENTERED
INJUCTION POINT
Causes:
High temperature in Zones 7 & 8
Pre-blowing too soon
Pre-blow pressure too high
FLAT ON THE PARTING LINE
Causes:
The pre-blow is either too low or too late
High-blow is premature or too high
Mold compensation not properly adjusted
OPALESCENCE
Causes:
Blowing with high temperature
PEARLESCENCE
Causes:
Blowing with cold temperature
Magnification Effect
Causes:
Low temperature in Zone 1 & 2
High pressure in the pre-blowing process
Pre-blowing too early
White Feet
Causes:
Low temperature in the oven
Low temperature in Zones 7 & 8
White Feet/Over-Stretched Base
Causes:
High temperature in the oven
High temperature in Zones 7 & 8
Punctured Base
Causes:
Excessive temperature in Zone 8
Pre-blow pressure too high
Pre-blowing much too early
White Feet/Injection
Point Off Centered
Causes:
Low temperature in the oven
(Specially Zones 7 & 8)
Early pre-blowing
Pre-blowing pressure slightly high
Magnification Effect on
The Base
Causes:
Low temperature in Zone 7 & 8
Too great of a delay in pre-blowing
Pre-blowing pressure too low
Basic Testing of PET Bottles
Hot Wire Bottle Cutter
PET bottle test sample of capacities 500ml to 2.25 lts can be precisely cut in 3 parts:
bottom, cylinder and top. Each of these parts having exact assigned weights, to comply
with the quality specification obtaining an ideal wall thinness distribution. This
guarantees the physical and mechanical quality requirement. The product process is
being controlled on a statistical basis by checking the weight of the cut parts.
Basic Equipment Care
(BEC)
Basic Equipment Care deals with mainly caring, oiling and greasing of parts
like bearings, rollers, pulleys, wheels, timely tightening of nut-bolts and
various other machinery parts and timely maintenance of machines.
Step zero- Safety
One needs to physically inspect his surroundings for immediate
safety measures.
Step One- Initial cleaning
Cleaning to Inspect
Inspect to Detect
Detect to Correct
Types of Abnormalities:-
Minor Flow
Poor Basic Condition
Inaccessible place
Contamination source
Quality item
Unsafe area
Total Productive Maintenance
(TPM)
Total productive maintenance (TPM) originated in Japan in 1971. It
may be misunderstood as a new way of looking at maintenance, however, at
least in Japan, it is a well-established process.
In TPM, the machine operator is thoroughly trained to perform much of
the simple maintenance and fault-finding. Eventually, by working in "Zero
Defects" teams that include a technical expert as well as operators, they can
learn many more tasks - sometimes all those within the scope of an operator.
Tradesmen are also trained at doing the more skilled tasks to help ensure
process reliability.
This should be fully documented, Autonomous Maintenance ensures
appropriate and effective efforts are expended after the machine becomes
wholly the domain of one person or team. Safety is paramount, so training
must be appropriate. Operators are often capable of high standards of
technical ability, this is improved through the use of "best practice"
procedures and proper training of these procedures.
TPM is a maintenance process developed for improving productivity by
making processes more reliable and less wasteful. Original goal of total
productive management:
“Continuously improve all operational conditions, within a production
system; by stimulating the daily awareness of all employees”
TPM focuses primarily on manufacturing (although its benefits are
applicable to virtually any "process"). After TPM, the focus was stretched,
and also suppliers and customers were involved (Supply Chain), this next
methodology was called lean manufacturing. This sheet gives an overview of
TPM in its original form.
An accurate and practical implementation of TPM, will increase productivity
within the total organization, where:
(1) .. a clear business culture is designed to continuously improve the
efficiency of the total production system
(2) .. a standardized and systematic approach is used, where all losses are
prevented and/or known.
(3) .. all departments, influencing productivity, will be involved to move from
a reactive- to a predictive mindset.
(4) .. a transparent multidisciplinary organization is reaching zero losses.
(5) .. steps are taken as a journey, not as a quick menu.
Finally TPM will provide practical and transparent ingredients to reach
operational excellence.
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