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Prpar par: Hugo Julien, ing.
Rvision : PADate: Juin 2014
Boulonnage de brideASME B16.5 et ASME
B16.47 selon
lASME PCC-1-2013
Notes importantes :
Toujours se rfrer aux Codes de rfrence applicables plutt qu ce guide
Ce document est un guide seulement. Il ne doit pas servir de document de conception, dinspectionou la cration dunsystme de contrle de la qualit.
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Hugo Julien ing. API 510, API 570, API 571, CSA W178.2 Niveau II
(ASME B31.3, CSA W47.1/W59, CSA Z662)
http://www.linkedin.com/in/hugojulieneng
Cellulaire : (514) 554-0653 ou Bureau (514) 351-8350Ingnieur mcanique, Promotion 1997 (cole Polytechnique de Montral)Conception, inspection, certification et maintenance systme qualit ASME/CSA depuis
1998:1) H.C. Vidal (1997), 1998 - 2002, Montral2) Xebec Inc. 2002 - 2007, Blainville3) GCM Consultants (Groupe Intgrit quipements Stationnaires) 2007 -
maintenant, AnjouCertifications et permis1) Permis de lOrdre des ingnieurs du Qubec depuis 20002) Permis du Professional Engineers Ontario depuis 20043) Permis du Association of Professional Engineers of Alberta (APEGGA) depuis
20094) Permis APGES (Saskatchewan) depuis 2013
5) Inspecteur visuel CSA W178.2 niveau 2 avec spcialisation ASME B31.3,CSAW47.1/W59 et CSA Z662
6) Inspecteur API 570 depuis aot 2008 (shut down raffinerie Husky Energy, BC)7) Inspecteur API 571 depuis mai 20118) Inspecteur API 510 depuis juin 2012
Ralisation de plusieurs audits CSA B51, U stamp, UM stamp, S stamp, H stamp, R stamp
(NBIC), chinois (certification A2 (GB-150)).API 579-1\ASME FFS-1 et API RP 571
2
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Ne provoquez pas votre bride!!
Votre bride Vous
Minute de scurit
3
Cette formationne comprend pas
les servicescritiques commele lethal servicede lASME SectionVIII div. 1, leCategory M FluidService delASME B31.3 oule toxic Fluidsde lASME B31.1ou les brides sont
fortement nonrecommandes.Voir CFR 1910.119(OSHA PSM rule)
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1) Survol du Post Constuction Code (PCC) de lASME PCC-1
2) Qualification du personnel3) Variables essentielles pour assurer une bonne
tanchit
4) Comment dterminer le couple de serrage desboulons?
5) Squences de boulonnage
6) Opinion des Codes
7) Analyse de dfaillance associe ltanchit dunassemblage de brides et solutions
8) Annexes
7
15
22
53
68
81
118
131
4
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5Et a: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vX0T260XU6o!
Film
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vX0T260XU6ohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vX0T260XU6ohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vX0T260XU6ohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vX0T260XU6o8/21/2019 ASME PCC-1_rev. PA
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6
Rglement sur lassainissement de latmosphre MDDEFP
10. Plan de contrle des fuites de composs organiques volatils
46. L'exploitant d'une raffinerie de ptrole, d'une usine ptrochimique ou de chimieorganique, d'un dpt ou d'un terminal ptrolier dont le volume de production ou dedistribution est suprieur 250 millions de litres par anne et dont les quipementscontiennent ou sont destins contenir des substances constitues de 10% ou plus envolume de composs organiques volatils dont la tension de vapeur est gale ou
suprieure 1 kPa une temprature de 20 C, doit mettre en uvre un planannuel visant la dtection et la rparation de toute fuite decomposs organiques volatils dont la concentration dansl'atmosphre excde 10 000 ppm ou toute fuite de benzne ou de
butadine dont la concentration dans l'atmosphre excde1 000 ppm.
La mise en oeuvre du plan vis au premier alina doit tre
complte au plus tard le 30 juin 2016.
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ASME PCC-1, Guidelines for Pressure Boundary Bolted FlangeJoint Assembly
Ldition 2013 a t publi le 12 Novembre 2013. Premirepublication en 2000, ensuite ldition 2010 (14 janvier 2010). Lecomit publiera la prochaine dition lorsquil sera prt le faire
(pas de routine).
Les comits ASME (Section VIII div. 1, B31.1, B31.3, etc.)proposent ce guide mais ne loblige pas. Par contre, dici 15 ans,il sera fort probable que ce Post Construction Code soit
obligatoire.
8
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ASME PCC-1 sapplique pour les brides neuves et usages
Le plus grand changement de ldition 2013 est lintroduction delannexe A (Training and Qualification of Bolted Joint AssemblyPersonnel). Bas sur les principes de lASME Section IX(Description Mthode de Soudage, Qualification Soudeur, etc.)
Lapplication du PCC-1 la lettre ne signifie pas que lassemblagefinal sera compltement tanche. Idalement, aucune bride nedevrait tre installe pour garantir une condition sans fuite.
9
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10
Type debride ciblepar ASMEPCC-1
Il faut utiliser son bon jugement pour les autres types de brides
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ASME B16.5, Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings NPS 1/2
Through NPS 24 Metric/Inch Standard.
ASME B16.47, Large Diameter Steel Flanges NPS 26Through NPS 60 Metric/Inch Standard (srie B pluscompact que la srie A). Aucun SO, LJ, SW disponible.
11
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14
1
Code de Construction, Loi du Btiment, chapitre B-1.1, r. 2
Spcification du client (si plus svre) et Opinion du concepteur
2 Loi sur les appareils sous pression, A-20.01
3
Rglement sur les appareils sous pression, A-20.01, r. 1.1
NQ 3650-900, Code dinstallation des appareils sous pression
Manuel contrle qualit du fabriquant
4 CSA B51, Code sur les chaudires, les appareils et les tuyauteries sous pression
5
ASME B31.1, Power Piping/ASME B31.3, Process Piping
ASME Section VIII div. 1/ASME Section 1
NBIC NB-23, Repairs & Alterations
6 SA-105, ASME B16.5, B16.47, etc.
7 ASME B1.20.1, ASME B46.1, ASME B16.20, etc.
ASMEPCC-1,guidefortementsuggrparlescom
itsASME
Ordredimporta
nce:no.
1plusim
portantqueleno.
7
14
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15
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16
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Pourquoi pas?
1717
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Ne sapplique pas pour les structures (btiment, pont, etc.) et pourles quipements rotatifs
Pour tre boulonneur certifi, il faut au mois 6 mois dexprience(formulaire A-1 doit tre sign) et la moiti des points suivants doittre inclus:
a) Sant & scuritb)quipements pour lassemblage des bridesc) Les principes de base au niveau des contraintes engendres
(boulons, joint dtanchit, etc.)
d)Fonction du joint dtanchite)Type de joint et leurs limitesf) Type de boulons et leurs limitesg) Identification de tous les composantes (estampillage)
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h) Boulonnage manueli) Lubrifiant
j) Technique pour vrifier si la bonne tension dans les boulons at applique
k) talonnage des instruments de mesure (torque wrench, etc.)l) Inspection et non-conformit (rapport)
m)Procdure de prparation au boulonnagen) Manipulation du joint dtanchito) Documents techniques disponibles (ASME PCC-1, etc.)p) Procdure de boulonnageq) Comment utiliser les composantes supplmentaires
(rondelles, etc.)r) Identification et rapport dassemblage du joint boulonns) Procdure de dsassemblage
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Bride Welding Neck (WN): Service svre (corrosion, fatigue (vibration), etc.). Meilleureen haute pression et temprature. La soudure ne fera aucune distorsion sur la bride.Difficile assembler en chantier.
Bride Lap Joint (Van Stone) (LJ): Moins dispendieuse que la bride Welding Neck.Facilement assemblable en chantier. Normalement utilise pour rduire les cots dutuyauterie avec matriaux exotiques. La soudure ne fera aucune distorsion sur la bride(excellent pour start up, etc.). Par contre, elle a un facteur de scurit moindre que la WN(fatigue, pression). En gnral plus paisse que la SO.
Bride Slip-On (SO): Moins dispendieuse que la bride WN et LJ. Plus facile assembler.
Normalement utilise moins de 400F pour la classe 150 et moins de 700F pour lesautres. Les variations max. de temprature (plus de 200F) et/ou de pression (15 % depression de conception) sont fortement suggres dtrerespectes
Bride Socket Weld (SW) et Threaded: Normalement utilise pour les diamtres de moinsde 2NPS. Trs expose la corrosion caverneuse (crevice corrosion). Trs faible dans unservice subissant des vibrations. Moins de possibilit de retrouver des projections sur la
surface du joint dtanchit. SW vulnrable si 1/16de gap non respect avant soudage.
2323
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24
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Lors de dsassemblage de brides existantes, bien inspecter toutes
les surfaces des brides rutilises.
Enlever TOUTES trace de lancien joint dtanchit. Pour ce faire,les solvants doivent tre approuvs pour lalliage de la bride pourne pas induire des problmes de Stress Corrosion Cracking. Voir
lASME Section V-2013, Article 6, Appendice II (II-641 et II-642):
25
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26
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Aussi, les outils de nettoyage ( brosse, grattoir, etc.) ne doivent
pas tre contamins. Par exemple, les outils ayant nettoys desbrides en acier au carbone ne peuvent tre utiliss pour nettoyerdes brides en acier inoxydable ou autre alliage (ASME PCC-1-2013, par. 4)
La rugosit de surface dcrite dans lappendice C de lASME PCC-1doit tre respect
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ASME B16.5-2013 (Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fitttings):Tongue and Groove: max. 125minRing joint: max 63minAutre: entre 125min et 250minASME B16.47-2006 (Large Diameter Steel Flanges):
Ring joint: max 63minAutre: entre 125min et 250minAWWA C207-2001 (Steel Pipe Flanges for Waterworks Service):entre 250min et 500minMSS SP-6-2007 (StandardFinishes for Contact Facesof Pipe Flanges):Mme chose quelASME B16.5-2013sauf pour le Bronze(Autre: max. 125min )
ASME PCC-1-2013 ASME B16.5-2013Mesurer selon ASME B46.1
28API 660, 8th edition, table 2
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1/32 selon API 660, 8th edition, par. 9.8.4
API 660, 8th edition
Les joints dtanchit pais (1/8 et plus) et mou (soft) aurontplus de chance daller chercher et colmater les imperfections de
surface (planit) que les joints rigides. Ex.: Spriral wound,PTFE (1/8),Graphite, etc.Ex.: Kammprofile,RTJ, PTFE (1/16),etc.
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Voir ASME B46.1 pourles procdures demesure
Voir aussi le PVP2010-25766, Background on the New ASME PCC-1-2010 Appendices D & O30
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Voir ASME PCC-2, article 3.5 si
des rparations sont ncessaireschangeur de chaleur avecpass partition plate:It is acceptable to apply theflatness tolerances to thegap between the flanges,rather than for each flangeindependently
Reference: PVP2010-2576631
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Inspecter toutes les surfaces des rondelles, noix et boulons. Remplacer lorsquily a prsence de bosse, corrosion, raflure. l m in, vrifier si les noix tourne bien avec le boulon associ (sans
rsistance). Si ce nest pas le cas, remplacer lassemblage. Cette tapecomprend les trous filets (valves, studded outlet, etc.). Si une rparation estncessaire, voir la procdure de rparation dans lASME PCC-2, article 3.3Normalement, pour les petits boulons (1 1/8 et moins), il est prfrable de lesremplacer tous. Pour les boulons de 1 dia. nom. et plus, lAppendice N de
lASME PCC-1 explique la manire de rcuprer les boulons ne respectant pas lacondition expliqu plus haut:
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In order to accurately set bolt load with torque, used bolts must be
wirebrush cleaned prior to re-use, this takes time and is often more
expensive than replacement (particularly of smaller diameterbolts). Even with thorough cleaning of the bolts, tests have shown
that the spread in achieved load is almost doubled, by comparison
to new bolts. This means that there is greater likelihood of joint
leakage due to poorly loaded bolts.
Rfrence: RMC-07-85 (Obtaining Leak Free Bolted Joint Operation by Returning to Basics), page 14 of 23
Lapplication dun lubrifiant sur les filets des noix et des boulonsaugmente la prcision de serrage et protge les filets contre lacorrosion. Assurez-vous de prendre un lubrifiant appropri pour
les matriaux utiliss et pour la temprature dopration.Lorsque les noix et les boulons sont installs, il faut pouvoir auditeren tout temps leur estampillage.
34
Flange - how to increase fatigue life in a stud?By using UNJ threads instead of classic UNC threads! In other words, usingthreads with radiused roots will increase fatigue life!
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ASME B16.5-2013
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Meilleur!
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39
Bride non isole, 80% de la tempraturedu fluide peut tre utilise (Voir ASMEB31.3)
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40Rondelles CS (moins de 800F) selon ASTM F436 (voir ASME PCC-1, App. M) sont les meilleures (dia.
moins de 1 NOM)40
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Conforme ASME PCC-1-2013, appendice M ou ASTM F436-11!
Pour faire une pente 6:1 utiliser desbeveled washers, voir table 4dASTM F436
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42
335.2.4: Pas plus dunjoint dtanchit entreles surfaces de contactdes brides
335.2.2(a): Le jointdtanchitdoit tre
galement appuy surles surfaces des brides
Tolrances de fabrication
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43
Tolrances de fabricationproposes pour tuyauterie
Reference:http://www.wermac.org/documents/tol_pipefabrication.html
Reference:PFI Standard ES-3,
Fabricating Tolerance 43
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45
B h i d j i t dt hit?
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Kammprofile or corrugated gasket types give you the largest stress range
(between minimum required and maximum permissible), offer superior
performance to double jacketed gaskets in resisting flange loads and are moreforgiving on poor assembly techniques by comparison to spiral wound gaskets.
Kammprofile and corrugated gasket, however, are limited to around 850F
operating temperature (before graphite oxidation becomes an issue).
For temperatures in excess of this, spiral wound gaskets will offer a longer service
life (although will still ultimately be limited by oxidation) and unfilled solid steel
gaskets will be required for long-term operation above 900F.
46Rfrence: RMC-07-85 (Obtaining Leak Free Bolted Joint Operation by Returning to Basics), page 9 of 23
Bon choix de joint dtanchit?
Kammprofile
(grooved-metal)Corrugated Spiral wound
B h i d j i t dt hit?
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Spiral wound gaskets are suitable for both piping and exchanger services and may
offer lower relaxation levels, however a more complex assembly pattern is
required and the potential for damage during assembly is higher.
Spiral Wound gaskets ideally should always be contained within the flange recess
or groove or by inner andouter rings, in order to minimize the chances of damage
during assembly.
Corrugated gaskets are not recommended for piping flanges, due to the risk of a
small leak rapidly escalating to a larger leak due to failure of the central metal
portion of the gasket when leakage occurs (particularly in gas or two phase
service).
A Kamprofile gasket will be stiffer than other gasket types and therefore will losemore gasket load due to pressure
47Kammpro Dual Seal
Bon choix de joint dtanchit?
Rfrence: RMC-07-85 (Obtaining Leak Free Bolted Joint Operation by Returning to Basics), page 9/12 of 23
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48
Corrugated
Kammprofile (grooved-metal)
Double-Jacketed Corrugatedwith Corrugated Metal Filler
ASME B16 20 2007
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ASME B16.20-2007
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53
It is better to default to a maximum bolt load every time and give the joint the highest
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It is better to default to a maximum bolt load every time and give the joint the highestmargin of relaxation between the assembly bolt load and the minimum required boltload to seal the gasket during operation. In fact, knowledge of the minimum requiredassembly bolt load is really only useful for determining when additional proactivesteps, such as hot-torque during start-up or more accurate assembly techniques, suchas hydraulic tensioning, must be employed.
Rfrence: RMC-07-85 (Obtaining Leak Free Bolted Joint Operation by Returning to Basics), page 9 /10 of 23
Bonne pratique:1) Maximum permissible bolt load = 100% of bolt yield for raised face ASMEdesigned flanges, 60% of bolt yield for raised face ASME B16.5 flanges and 40%of yield for raised face ASME B16.47 flanges. For ring joint type flanges, the maximum
permissible bolt load is generally limited to 40% of yield, to prevent ring joint groovecracking2) Gasket relaxation = 25% (joints with a single gasket) to 30% (joints with two gaskets,such as a tubesheet joint) of assembly bolt load for spiral wound, kamprofile andcorrugated gaskets
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Rfrence: RMC-07-85 (Obtaining Leak Free Bolted Joint Operation by Returning to Basics), page 10 of 23
As a general rule, the gasket OD should be maximized, as this has the effect of
reducing the moment arm between the bolts and gasket pivot point, which in turnreduces the flange rotation and loss of gasket stress due to pressure and thermaleffects. In addition, maximizing the gasket OD reduces the risk of the flange facescoming into contact outside of the gasket OD and riding off the gasket sealing elementas the flange rotates.
55
ff f
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Effect of temperature
The effects of temperature are often the last straw that causes a
joint to leak. In many cases, a higher initial assembly bolt load maystill seal a joint that suffers severe thermal transients. However, itis useful to be able to determine what the effects of temperatureon bolt load will be, prior to placing a new gasket into service. Inaddition, modifications to the flange design may be able tominimize the temperature effect. Calculation of the level of effectis best done by determining the joint component temperaturesand the effect on bolt stress using the method outlined in WRCbulletin 510 (Analysis of the Effects of Temperature on Bolted
Joints)
Rfrence: RMC-07-85 (Obtaining Leak Free Bolted Joint Operation by Returning to Basics), page 11 of 23
56
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Rfrence: RMC-07-85 (Obtaining Leak Free Bolted Joint Operation by Returning to Basics), page 11 of 23
Safe & rapid response
The problem with increasing the gasket stress is always in determining
the limits as to how much additional bolt load can be applied. In mostcases, a torque based on bolt yield and a normal assembly nut factor isused as an upper limit. The problem with this is that operation attemperatures above 350F for an hour or operation for several days atambient temperature will result in the anti-seize product becoming
ineffective, due to the loss of the lubricating properties of the carryingoil. To overcome this, on some sites the procedure is to remove one boltat a time, re-lubricate it and then tighten it to the higher assembly boltload. The problem with that approach is that by removing the bolt youare decreasing the gasket stress local to that bolt and therefore
increasing the likelihood of leakage. Since someone has to be at the boltlocation to perform the operation, such a procedure is placing thatindividual at risk of injury and therefore the method is generally limitedto non-hazardous services.
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Si deux brides ayant des caractristiques diffrentes
(matriel, etc.) sont boulonnes ensemble, desprcautions doivent tre prises pour ne pas abmer labride la plus faible (312.1)
VS
66
Flche rouge, valve en acier au carbone
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67
g ,avec clad interne en titaniumFlche bleue, tuyauterie en FRP (FiberReinforced Plastic) incluant la brideFlche verte, boulons, 1 nom. en A-193 Gr. L7 avec rondelles (le grade L7 estlquivalent au B7 mais pour bassetemprature -40 oF)
Note : entre les 2 brides, jointdtanchit en caoutchouc style fullface ayant une duret de moins de 65durometer (shore A)
Torque ncessaire ct flche rouge =1400 lb-ft (selon ASME PCC-1-2010, table
1)Torque ncessaire ct flche bleue = 50lb-ft (selon ASME RTP-1-2000, appendiceNM-9)Morale de lhistoire, toujours respecter labride la plus faible!
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Research into bolting patterns has shown that the key to efficientand successful joint assembly is to increase the bolt load morerapidly than previously thought. The research also demonstratedthat simpler bolting patterns, other than the star pattern, are justas effective in achieving uniform compression of the gasket. Infact, for harder gasket types, such as kammprofile and corrugatedgaskets, the use of a tightening pattern is really not required and
the joint can be assembled with initial tightening of fouropposing bolts(to ensure even initial compression) and then onlycircular tightening patterns at 100% of final bolt load.
Rfrence: RMC-07-85 (Obtaining Leak Free Bolted Joint Operation by Returning to Basics), page 13 of 23
However, that sort of pattern may cause damage to softer gasket
styles (spiral wound and PTFE in particular) and so therefore maynot be the best procedure to use if a single, site-wide procedureis required.
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Parcours appendice F de lASME PCC-1-2013!!!
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ASME B31 3 2012 335 2 3 T l fil t d i t
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ASME B31.3-2012, 335.2.3: Tous les filets doivent aumoins tre engags dans la noix. Mais si impossible, un
manque un filet au maximum est permis, comme illustrdans les figures suivantes :
Selon ASME B31.1-2012, 108.5.1(A) et ASME Section VIII div. 1-2013,UG-13, tous les filets doivent tre engags.CSA Z662-11 (5.2.7.1) exige au moins 2 filets sortis de la noix
80
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Pour calculer la longueur des boulons, lappendice C delASMEB16.5 est a consulter.
8181
NQ3650-900/2013
Reference: http://www.linkedin.com/groups/Flange-Excess-thread-protrusion-Recommended-
4439477.S.5828967871077707780?trk=groups_search_item_list-0-b-ttl&goback=%2Egmr_4439477%2Egna_4439477
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ASME B31.1-2012 (104.5.1(A))Les brides SO sont limites la classe 300 et moins (ex. classe 600 interdite)
ASME B31.1-2012 (122.1.1(F))Les brides SO peuvent tre utilises si le diamtre de la tuyauterie ne dpassepas 4 NPS (inclusivement).
CSA Z662-11 (5.3.3.3)
Les brides en cast iron, ASME B16.1, classe 125 peuvent tre utilis pour lesfull face gasket avec des boulons certifis A-193 (ex. A-193 Gr. B7). Si unring gasket est utilis, il doit toucher les boulons et ces derniers doiventcertifi A-307 Grade B (voir exigences supplmentaires de traitementthermique)
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ASME B31.3-2012 (302.2.4(f))- 90 % de la temprature max. du procd pour les items suivants : brides (flanges)
sauf les lap joint flange
- 85 % pour les items suivants : lap joint flange
- 80 % pour les items suivants : boulonnage (studs & nuts)
ASME B31.3-2012 (Table 308.2.1)
86
Voir linterprtation 3-5 de lASMEB16.5:
Question: Does ASME B16.5-1996permit the manufacturer of a Class
150 or 300 lapped flange by
machining it from a slip-on flange?
Reply: Yes, provided the resulting
flange meets the requirements for
a lapped flange, including flangethickness, bore, and length
through the hub dimensions shown
in Tables 9 and 12. Since a lapped
flange does not have a raised face,
the raised face removal discussed
in para. 6.1.3 does not apply.
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ASME B31.1-2012 (108.5.1(B))Les rondelles (washers) peuvent tre utilises mais doivent tre conforme ASMEPCC-1
ASME B31.1-2012 (108.5.1(F))Carbon steel headed bolts shall have square, hex, or heavy hex heads (ASME B18.2.1)
and shall be used with hex or heavy hex nuts (ASME B18.2.2). For bolt sizes smaller
than 3/4 in., square or heavy hex heads and heavy hex nuts are recommended. For
bolt sizes larger than 1 1/2 in., bolt studs with a hex or heavy hex nut on each end
are recommended.
87
ASME B31.3-2012, Interpretation 2-5:Question: Does ANSI/ASME B31.3 require the use of washers when bolting metallic
flanges?
Reply: No
ASME B31.3-2012, Interpretation 17-20:
Question: In accordance with ASME B31.3c-1998, Para. 335.2.3, if a bolt fails to extendbeyond its nut and no more than one thread is visible inside the nut, is the bolt considered
acceptably engaged?
Reply: Yes
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ASME B31.3-2012, F308.4 Gaskets(a) Gasket materials not subject to cold flow should be considered for use with raisedface flanges for fluid services at elevated pressures with temperatures significantlyabove or below ambient.(b) Use of full face gaskets with flat faced flanges should be considered when using
gasket materials subject to cold flow for low pressure and vacuum services atmoderate temperatures. When such gasket materials are used in other fluid services,the use of tongue-and-groove or other gasket-confining flange facings should beconsidered.(c) The effect of flange facing finish should be considered in gasket material selection
ASME B31.3-2012, 308.2.4 Flanges for Severe Cyclic Conditions.Unless it is safeguarded, a flange to be used under severe cyclic conditions shallbe welding neck conforming to ASME B16.5 or ASME B16.47, or a similarly
proportioned flange designed in accordance with para. 304.5.1
ASME B31.3-2012, F309.1 Bolting GeneralThe use of controlled bolting procedures should be considered in high, low, andcycling temperature services, and under conditions involving vibration orfatigue, to reduce(a) the potential for joint leakage due to differential thermal expansion(b) the possibility of stress relaxation and loss of bolt tension
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89
SA-105-13
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Les boulons A-193 Gr. B7 sont les standards de lindustrie(95 000 PSImin. yield strength) pour bride B16.5 et B16.47 et severe cyclicservice
Si des brides RF de moins bonne qualit sont utilises, comme les
B16.1 (cast iron), B16.24 (bronze), MSS SP-42 et MSS SP-51, seuls desboulons faible rsistance mcanique devront tre utiliss (ex.: A-307 Grade B) pour viter de les endommager lors du serrage.
Normalement, les boulons SA-193 Gr. B7 dans un service
fonctionnant moins de 700o F (pour les boulons plus petits que 21/2 de diamtre, 25,000 PSI de -20o F @ 700o F) sont utiliss. Legrade B16 est prfrable au-del de cette temprature (25,000 PSIde -20F @ 800F).
90
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Pour service dhydrogne ( titre dexemple), il estfortement recommand de crer un vententre les deuxsoudures dun "SO flange". Cet vent pourra servir
vrifier ltanchit de la soudure interne ou viter quelhydrognene saccumuleentre la bride et le tuyau.
91
vent
Ne pas modifier une brideB16.5! Prendre une brideB16.36, Orifice Flange
91
NQ 3650-900,dition 2013
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rev. 092
Mais au Qubec!
Selon le NQ 3650-900, dition 1989 et1998, figure 11
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93Rev. 0
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Interpretation: VIII-1-01-02Question: A vessel is subjected to the hydro test under UG-99. During the test, a leak isdetected from the gasket seat of a permanent flanged joint.In meeting the requirements
of UG-99(g) in Section VIII, Division 1, may the hydro test be accepted if the flanged jointand the vessel as a whole are found to be completely tight after the pressure is reduced tonot less than the test pressure divided by 1.3?Reply: Yes.
Interpretation: VIII-1-86-189
Question (2): Is the hydrostatic test the final step in the fabrication of weldedvessels prior to the application of the Code Symbol Stamp?Reply (2): Yes.Question (3): Is it the Inspectorsduty to check the quality of gaskets used in boltedconnections prior to the hydrostatic test?Reply (3): No.Question (5): For purposes of hydrostatic testing, is the gasket considered part ofthe pressure vessel?Reply (5): Yes.Question (6): With the concurrence of the owner/user, is it permissible to usegaskets in the required hydrostatic test that have physical characteristics similar to thegaskets used in the design calculations?Reply (6): Yes.
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Interpretation: VIII-1-89-281Question(1): A vessel is to be fabricated for nonlethal service and is comprised of two shell
courses joined by a bolted flanged connection. May each shell course be hydrostaticallytested separately and the completed vessel, when attached, be Code Symbol stamped as asingle vessel?Reply (1): No.Question (2): Are separate Code Symbol Stamps required for each shell course asdescribed in Question (1)?
Reply (2): Each shell course may be U-Part stamped, but the completed and boltedtogether vessels shall be hydrostatically tested as one unit before the U-Code SymbolStamp may be applied.
Interprtation 2-9 du B16.5Question (2): May a pipe flange be slotted with a radial slot from the bore to the flange
outside diameter and still meet the requirements of B16.5-1988?Reply (2): No.
95
I i 22 18
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Interpretation 22-18
Question: In accordance with ASME B31.3-2006 Edition, if flanged
subassemblies of a piping system have separately passed leak tests per para.
345.4, 345.5, or 345.6, does B31.3 require any additional testing afterassembly?
Reply: No.
Peut tre unecause de fuite Flange - Can I keep the ASME B16.5
certification on a blind flange if I'm drilling asmall hole in the middle of it?
If maximum NPS hole size (cloumn 2, 4 and 6)described in table 6 of ASME B16.5-2013 isrespected, the answer is yes! See note 1 andexamples of table 6 for more detail...
96
Flange - Appendix 2 Thickness for go (thickness of hub at small end)
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Flange - Appendix 2, Thickness for go (thickness of hub at small end)According to interpretation VIII-1-83-43, if you are welding an appendix 2 integral oroptional type flange, gomust be calculated as the minimum wall thickness of the pipewhen attached to a pipe.Question: In the fabrication of integral and optional type flanges where optional type iscalculated as integral in Appendix 2, must gobe calculated as the minimum wallthickness of pipe when attached to pipe?Reply: Yes.
ASME B16.20-2007
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Voir table 17 pour les brides ASME B16.47, Srie A et la table 18 pour la
srie B 98
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99Rfrence: figure 4-1, Pressure vessel design manual (Moss) (3rd ed.) 99
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Point important selon UG-93(d)(3)
Si une tte plate plus paisse que pouce (non inclusif)comme illustre dans la figure UW-13.2 est utilis, uneinspection par LP ou MT doit tre faite avant soudage etaprs soudage pour dceler toute lamination possible.
Par contre, cette exigence ne sappliquepas lorsque 80 %de la force gnre par la pression sur la tte plate estsupporte par des tubes, tais ou support (changeur dechaleur).
100Rev. 0 100
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Avertissement pour changeur de chaleur!! (2-5 (a)(2))
101101
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102102
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103103
Silexiste dautrescontraintes externes en plus de la pressiond l " i i l " d i
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104
Interpretation 16-18: Question: When selecting a flange on the basis of pressure-
temperature rating given in ASME B16.5, in accordance with ASME B31.3a-1996
Addenda, para. 302.2.1, is it required to consider any external forces and moments acting
on the flange?
Reply: Yes.
et de la temprature, une "pression quivalente" doit trecalcule laide de lquation suivante. Comparer Ptotal au
maximum autoris par B16.5 ou B16.47 (mthode ASMESection III NC-3658.1)
P total= P + PeP e= 4F/(pi)G
2+ 16M/(pi)G3
Ou:
ASME B16 5
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105
Interpretation 2-25:
Question (2): If the raised face is removed from Class 150 and 300 flanges,
will the pressure/temperature ratings remain unchanged?
Reply (2): Yes.
Interpretation 2-27: Question: Are flange pressure-temperature ratings
applicable to both the uncorroded and corroded conditions according to
B16.5-1988?
Reply: Flanges dimensions in B16.5-1988 are related to new construction. The
applicability of pressure-temperature ratings for material that is corroded orotherwise deteriorated is the responsibility of the user. See para. 5.1.1.
ASME B16.5
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106
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108
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SA-194-2013S8. Marking Coated Nuts, S8.1 Nuts coatedwith zinc shall have an asterisk (*) marked
after the grade symbol. Nuts coated withcadmium shall have a plus sign (+) markedafter the grade symbol.
SA-193-2013, par. X2.1:Use of coated fasteners at temperatures above approximately one-half the melting point(Fahrenheit or Celsius) of the coating is not recommended unless consideration is given to
the potential for liquid and solid metal embrittlement, or both. The melting point ofelemental zinc is approximately 780F [415C]. Therefore, application of zinc coatedfasteners should be limited to temperatures less than 390F [210C]. The melting point ofcadmium is approximately 600F [320C]. Therefore, application of cadmium coatedfasteners should be limited to temperatures less than 300F [160C]
109109
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110
110
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114
ASME
B16.5-2013
114
ASME Section VIII div. 1-2013, paragraphe 1-10(d):
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116
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117
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Peut tre une cause defuite, dplacement forc
Peut tre unecause defuite, malsupport
Corrosiongalvanique
Gradient detemprature etmauvais design
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119
A 1976 NUREG study by E C Rodabaugh(Rodabaugh, E. C., Moore, "EVALUATION OF THE BOLTINGAND FLANGES OF B16.5 BOLTED Waters, E. O., et al "Formulas for Stresses in Bolted Flanged Connections" Trans. ASME, April, 1937.)
concludes that more than half of all B16.5 flanges are
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goverstressed by the ASME Code method considering assemblyloads and operating conditions. A few, namely NPS 12 and 24 in
Classes 300 and 600 for example, are more seriously"overstressed". For example, the NPS 24 Class 600 joint withstandard pipe is at 54.4ksi (375MPa) calculated elastic stress inthe hub at cold rated pressure with a reasonable assembly load.
If the hub is only 3/8 in thick, the calculated stress is 95.3ksi(657MPa).reference: PVP2008-61561 ,ON THE OPERATING TIGHTNESS OF B16.5 FLANGED JOINTS
120
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Rfrence: RMC-07-85 (Obtaining Leak Free Bolted Joint Operation by Returning to Basics), page 18 of 23
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122
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Reference: NACE CORROSION 2008 PAPER 08558 A Refinery Approach to Address Corrosion Under Insulation and External Corrosion
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Air humide plus corrosif que lair secAir chaud plus corrosif que lair froidEau chaude plus corrosive que leau froideAir pollu plus corrosif que lair fraisSolution acide plus corrosive quune solution basique
Eau sale plus corrosive que de leau douceAcier inoxydable meilleur que lacier au carboneAucune corrosion aura lieu dans un environnement
sous vide (full vacuum)
124
Reference: Best practices of a Joint Integrity Program, Inspectioneering
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126
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127
The January 1994 editions of Section VIII, Division 1 and Division 2has incorporated a new paragraph for the determination of a
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flange rigidity factor. This factor is a parameter which indicatesthe tendency of the flange to leak.
In other words, especially for all large flanges (60'' and above)designed according to ASME Section VIII div. 1, appendix 2 before1994, have higher chances to leak....
128
''There is a common practice used in industry for leak testing flanges after a shutdown and
at start-up. Duct tape is wrapped around flanges at start-up with a small hole pierced in
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the tape. This concentrates the gas at the hole making it easier to detect leaks.
If the tape is not removed after start-up, intermittent flange leaks can create "micro-environments" that may well be highly corrosive for the bolts and the gasket outer ring.
With corrosion, the cross-sectional area of the bolts may be reduced considerably resulting
in fracturing of the bolts under normal operating pressure, causing the flanged joint to fail
and thus creating a potential disaster.
Owners do not expect flanges to leak after they have been leak tested, however potentialcondition changes, i.e. fluctuating temperatures, may be introduced on a flange sealed
with this method with duct tape and cause unexpected situations. It would be good
practice to remove all tape after leak testing has been completed.''
Reference: The Pressure News, Volume 19, Issue 1, March 2014 (ABSA)
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135
Flange - Brief ASME B16.5 flange historyA brief history on the evolution of B16.5 flanges (Rodabaugh, E. C., "BACKGROUND OFANSI B16 5 PRESSURE TEMPERATURE RATINGS" 37th Mid ti API M 1972)
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ANSI B16.5 PRESSURE-TEMPERATURE RATINGS" 37th Midyear meeting, API, May 1972)explains why these flanges are not proportional to allowable stresses in the ASME Boilercode. Rodabaugh indicates that bolt sizes and circles for class 125 cast iron steam jointswere set by an ASME committee established in 1887. Similarly class 250 cast iron steam
joints bolts and circles were set in 1901. By 1910 other dimensions, including thickness,were established. The class 125 and 250 cast iron patterns essentially set bolt sizes andcircles for the class 150 and 300 steel flanges to follow. By 1923 with the advent ofsteam plants at 650 F committee B16 was formed which eventually established the
proportions for higher rating B16.5 flanges. Flange thickness was established by a simplecantilever formula considering the flange ring only. Later committees through 1940added weld necks, slip-ons and so on. Eventually the ASME flange design rulesdeveloped by Waters (Waters, E. O., et al "Formulas for Stresses in Bolted FlangedConnections" Trans. ASME, April, 1937) were adopted and in 1949 these were used toevaluate B16.5 flanges. Rather than adjust well accepted (and costly to change)
dimensions these evaluations resulted in adjusting the rating pressures. It is nowaccepted that certain B16.5 flanges are overstressed.
reference: PVP2008-61561 ,ON THE OPERATING TIGHTNESS OF B16.5 FLANGED JOINTS
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137
CRN?OUI!
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