BELL RINGER 10-6-141. How many chromosomes are contained in a human male gamete
cell?a. 11b. 23c. 34d. 46
2. The genetic disorder trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) is caused by what genetic event?
a. crossing-overb. Nondisjunctionc. Base pair substitutiond. Frame-shift location
3. The gene for red/green colorblindness in humans is recessive and primarily affects males. It must be located on
a. The X chromosomeb. The Y chromosomec. Both the X and Y chromosomed. Either the X or the Y chromosome
THIS WEEK… Monday – Finish presentations if needed, Quiz over
Genetic Disorder Presentations, DNA Technology Notes
Tuesday – DNA Technology Webquest in the computer lab (521)
Wednesday – GATTACA Thursday – Finish GATTACA if needed, Genetic
Technology articles Friday – ABC Book Self Evaluation (daily grade),
Introduction to Evolution and Organisms Unit – “Great Transformations” video
STANDARD
SB2. Students will analyze how biological traits are passed on to successive generations. f. Examine the use of DNA technology in
forensics, medicine, and agriculture.
KEY IDEAS
What is genetic engineering? How is genetic technology used in
agriculture, medicine, and forensics? What concerns are there regarding genetic
engineering?
WHAT’S GENETIC ENGINEERING? Genetic Engineering – the deliberate alteration of
the genetic material (DNA) of an organism
HOW IS IT DIFFERENT THAN SELECTIVE BREEDING?
Humans have been altering plants and animals for 1,000s of years through selective breeding. Selective breeding - is the process by which
humans breed other animals and plants for particular traits.
Genetic engineering involves changing the organisms on the cellular level. For example, transferring genes from one organism to another.
GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOOD
RECOMBINANT DNA Recombinant DNA – DNA molecules that are
artificially created by combining DNA from different sources
TRANSGENIC ORGANISMS Organisms whose genetic characteristics have been
altered using the techniques of genetic engineering. Examples
Plants modified to be disease or pest resistant Manipulating genetics of lab animals to test on human
diseases Producing faster-growing livestock
GENE THERAPY Gene therapy – an experimental technique that
uses genes to treat or prevent disease. Some forms of gene therapy:
Inserting a normal gene to replace an abnormal one Swapping an abnormal gene for a normal one Repairing an abnormal gene
GENE THERAPY
GENE THERAPY AND CYSTIC FIBROSIS It has not been perfected yet. There are benefits
and risks. How does it work?
The defective gene is identified and is corrected with a normal gene
A vector is used to get the normal gene into the cells in the lungs
The healthy, normal gene inserts itself randomly in the DNA of the individual with cystic fibrosis This random insertion can be helpful as well as harmful
DNA FINGERPRINTING IN FORENSICS DNA fingerprinting – a
method of isolating and making images of sequences of DNA
Can be used to solve crime and determine paternity.
Has its flaws
PROCESS OF DNA FINGERPRINTING Step 1:
Obtain a sample of DNA (tissue, saliva, blood, hair, etc.)
Step 2: Cut the DNA into fragments
using restriction enzymes Step 3:
Complete a gel electrophoresis
Step 4: Analyze the results of
electrophoresis
DNA FINGERPRINTING
DNA FINGERPRINTING Flaws
It’s only as good as the DNA sample Degraded samples
(overheated, frozen and thawed repeatedly, old, etc)
Small samples Samples collected
postmortem Identical twins (don’t they
have the same DNA?!)
USE OF GENETIC ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE
Disease and pest resistant crops
Higher yield crops Crops with a longer
shelf life Faster growing
livestock Livestock with disease
resistance
Health concerns – is it safe to consume modified organisms?
Possible effects on DNA of humans who consume genetically modified organisms
What might happen if the modified organisms escape and mix with wild populations.
Ethical implications of manipulating genes in animals.
PROS CONS
VIDEOS
Salmon: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/harvest/ Bananas:
http://www.cnn.com/video/#/video/international/2011/03/24/ef.genetic.modification.bk.a.cnn?iref=videosearch