Background Evaluation FINAL
Mid-Kansas Cooperative-Burns Facility Burns, Kansas
Prepared for: Mid-Kansas Cooperative
NOVEMBER 2017
Mid-Kansas Cooperative
BACKGROUND EVALUATION REPORT
NOVEMBER 2017
712 S . Kansas Avenue Su i te 1 Topeka , Kansas 66603
785 .256 .0045 www.ppbenv .com
ppB Project No. 2017-4
Ryan Weiser, P.G. Project Manager
Chris Carey, P.G. Project Manager
BackgroundEvaluationReportNovember2017Page3TableofContents
TableofContents...............................................................................................................................3CommonAcronyms............................................................................................................................5Glossary...............................................................................................................................................6ExecutiveSummary............................................................................................................................81 Introduction,PurposeandObjectives.......................................................................................92 HistoricalOperationsandBackdrop........................................................................................113 ConceptualSiteModel.............................................................................................................123.1 SiteDescription.............................................................................................................................123.2 SurroundingPropertyUses...........................................................................................................123.3 PreviousInvestigations.................................................................................................................133.4 SiteGeology/HydrogeologySummary..........................................................................................153.5 GroundwaterMonitoringProgram...............................................................................................173.6 GroundwaterFlowAnalysisandSiteHydrogeology.....................................................................173.7 Upgradientvs.Onsitevs.Downgradient.......................................................................................183.8 NitrateConcentrationAnalysis.....................................................................................................184 RegulatoryFrameworkforGroundwaterBackgroundEvaluation..........................................194.1 Risk-BasedStandardsforKansas...................................................................................................194.2 BERNitratePolicy..........................................................................................................................194.3 BERBackgroundPolicy..................................................................................................................195 Statistics....................................................................................................................................215.1 Methodology.................................................................................................................................215.2 StatisticalAnalysisandResults......................................................................................................225.2.1 Outliers......................................................................................................................................225.2.2 DataDistribution.......................................................................................................................225.2.3 TrendAnalyses..........................................................................................................................225.2.4 BackgroundThresholdValues...................................................................................................235.2.5 InterwellAnalysis......................................................................................................................235.3 InterpretationsandConclusions...................................................................................................246 Recommendations....................................................................................................................267 References................................................................................................................................27
BackgroundEvaluationReportNovember2017Page4Tables
Table1 GroundwaterConcentrationData(December2012-Present)
Figures
Figure1 SiteLocationFigure2 RegionalTopographyFigure3 SoilData(1997-2009)Figure4 GroundwaterElevationTrendsFigure5 VariationsinGroundwaterFlowOverTimeFigure6 WellClassificationforStatisticalAnalysisFigure7 NitrateConcentrationsinGroundwater(October2016)
Appendices
AppendixA WindshieldSurveyPhotoLogAppendixB StatisticalAnalyses B.1 GeneralStatistics B.2 OutlierAnalyses B.3 GoodnessofFitAnalyses B.4 TendAnalyses B.5 BackgroundThresholdValueAnalyses
B.6 InterwellAnalyses
BackgroundEvaluationReportNovember2017Page5CommonAcronyms
BGS belowgroundsurfaceBTV backgroundthresholdvalueCAFO ConcentratedAnimalFeedingOperationsCERCLA ComprehensiveEnvironmentalResponse,Compensation,andLiabilityActCFR CodeofFederalRegulationsCOC contaminantofconcernCSM ConceptualSiteModelEPA U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyESA EnvironmentalSiteAssessmentKDHE KansasDepartmentofHealthandEnvironmentKGS KansasGeologicalSurveyMCL maximumcontaminantlevelMKC Mid-KansasCooperativemg/kg milligramperkilogrammg/L milligramperliterND non-detectNPR NitratePresumptiveRemedyPPB ppBEnviroSolutionsLLCRAO remedialactionobjectiveRL reportinglimitRSK KDHERisk-basedStandardsforKansasManualSDWA SafeDrinkingWaterActUCL95 95%upperconfidencelimitUPL upperpredictivelimitUPL95 95%UpperpredictivelimitUSL uppersignificancelimitsUTL uppertolerancelimitVCI VoluntaryCleanupInvestigationVCPRP VoluntaryCleanupandPropertyRedevelopmentProgramVCP VoluntaryCleanupProposal
BackgroundEvaluationReportNovember2017Page6Glossary
Ammonia ChemicalformulaNH3(un-ionized)(ammonia)orNH4+(ionized)(ammonium).
Ammoniacanbeexpressedaseithermilligrams(mg)ofammoniamoleculeperLiter(mgNH3/L);or,mgofammonia-nitrogenperliter(mgNH3-N/L).ToreportasmgNH3-N/L,multiplymgNH3/Lby0.823.Ammonia(Total)asNlabanalysisincludesboththeionizedandun-ionizedforms.(KDHE,2014)
Aquifer Anundergroundgeologicformationthatcontainsandiscapableoftransmittingoryieldingwaterinsufficientquantitiesthatcanbeextractedforbeneficialpurposes(KDHE,2016).
BackgroundMeasurements
Measurementsthatarenotsite-relatedorimpactedbysiteactivities.Backgroundsourcescanbenaturallyoccurringoranthropogenic.
Facility Therealproperty,buildings,structures,fixtures,andappurtenanceslocatedat301EastMainStreetinBurns,Kansas.
ConfidenceInterval
Baseduponthesampleddataset,aconfidenceintervalforaparameterisarandomintervalwithinwhichtheunknownpopulationparameter,suchasthemean,falls.
ConfidenceLimit
Theloweroranupperboundaryofaconfidenceinterval.
Fertilizer Formsofnitrogenasnitrateorammoniacompoundsappliedforcropgrowth.(KDHE,2014)
Groundwater Subsurfacewaterinthezoneofsaturationthatisorhastheabilitytosupplywells,springs,orseeps,orthatisheldinaquifersorthesoilprofile(KDHE,2016)
LicensedProfessional
AnindividuallicensedbyandingoodstandingwiththeKansasBoardofTechnicalProfessionstopracticegeologywithspecificexpertiseinaquifercharacterization.TheBoardmaintainsadatabaseoflicensedprofessionalsavailableonlineathttp://licensing.ks.gov/Verification_KBTP/(KDHE,2016)
MCL Themaximumpermissiblelevelofacontaminantinwaterthatisdeliveredtoanyuserofapublicwatersystem
Nitrate ChemicalformulaNO3.Nitratecanbeexpressedaseithermgofnitratemoleculeperliter(mgNO3/L);or,mgofnitrate-nitrogenperliter(mgNO3-N/L).TheEPAMaximumContaminantLevelfornitrateinwaterisexpressedas10mgNO3-N/Lor45mgNO3/L.ToreportasmgNO3-N/L,multiplymgNO3/Lby0.225.(KDHE,2014)
Nitrogen Nitrogen(total)isthetotalamountofnitrateasmgNO3-N/L,NitriteasmgNO2-N/L,ammonia,andorganicallybondednitrogen.(KDHE,2014)
BackgroundEvaluationReportNovember2017Page7PotableWater Watersuitablefordrinkingandcookingpurposesintermsofbothhuman
healthandaestheticconsiderations(KDHE,2016).PredictionInterval
Theinterval(baseduponhistoricaldata,backgrounddata)withinwhichanewlyandindependentlyobtainedsiteobservationofthepredictedvariablefallswithinagivenprobabilityorconfidencecoefficient.
Receptor Humanorenvironmentalendreceiverimpactedbycontaminatedsoils,groundwater,orsurfacewater(KDHE,2016).
RSKManual TheRisk-BasedStandardsforKansasManual5thVersion(October2015)andanysubsequentupdates.TheManualprovidesguidanceandcalculatedscreeninglevelsforspecificcontaminants.
Site Thefacility,inadditiontoallareasandmediatowhichcontaminationthatoriginatedattheFacilityhavebeenreleasedand/ormigrated.
Tier1 Tier1isacomparisonoftheconcentrationofanaturallyoccurringcontaminanttothebackgroundconcentrationofthatcontaminantintheaffectedmedium(KDHE,2010).
Tier2 Calculatedrisk-basedscreeninglevelsforaspecificcontaminantfoundinAppendixAoftheKDHERisk-basedStandardsforKansasmanual(KDHE,2010).
Tier3 Aprocessinvolvingcollectingthenecessarydata,underKDHE/BERdirection,toreplacedefaultvaluesintheTier2equationswithsitespecificinformation(KDHE,2010).
UpperConfidenceLimit(UCL)
Theupperboundaryorlimitofaconfidenceintervaloraparameterofinterestsuchasthepopulationmean
UpperPredictionLimit(UPL)
Theupperboundaryofapredictionintervalforanindependentlyobtainedobservation(oranindependentfutureobservation)
UpperToleranceLimit(UTL)
Aconfidencelimitonapercentileofthepopulationratherthanaconfidencelimitonthemean.
UpperSimultaneousLimit(USL)
Theupperboundaryofthelargestvalue.
Water-wellsurvey
Aprocesstoidentifyallgroundwaterandsurfacewaterusersinthevicinityofacontaminatedareainordertodetermineiftheyareimpacted.(KDHE,2014)
BackgroundEvaluationReportNovember2017Page8ExecutiveSummary
TheMid-KansasCooperative(MKC)facilityinBurns,Kansas(hereinafter,the“BurnsFacility”or“MKCFacility”)isanagribusinessfacilitylocatedat301EastMainStreetinBurns,MarionCounty,Kansas.Facilityoperationsbeganinthemid-1970sandincludegrainstorageandagronomicandfeedservices.TheBurnsFacilitywasvoluntarilyenteredtheKansasDepartmentofHealthandEnvironment’s(KDHE)VoluntaryCleanupandPropertyRedevelopmentProgram(VCPRP)in1999.MKC’sextensivesitecharacterizationeffortshaveincludedamulti-phasedvoluntarycleanupinvestigation(VCI),includingsoilandgroundwatersampling,andongoingcontinualgroundwatermonitoringtodelineatenitrogen,intheformofnitrate,(hereinafter“nitrate”)impactsinsoilandgroundwaterintheSitevicinity.
TheavailabledatademonstratethepresenceofnitrateingroundwateratconcentrationsinexcessofthedrinkingwaterstandardestablishedbytheSafeDrinkingWaterAct(SDWA)(i.e.,MaximumContaminantLevels,orMCLs)of10milligramsperliter(mg/L)throughouttheBurnscommunity.Originally,theseimpactswereattributedtoreleasesattheMKCFacility;however,furtheranalysisshowsmanypotentialsourcesintheSitevicinity,includingbutnotlimitedtoconcentratedanimalfeedingoperations(CAFOs)andagriculturalfields.ContaminationassociatedwiththesetypesofothersourcesarenottypicallyaddressedthroughKDHE’sVCPRP.
MKCretainedppBEnviroSolutionsLLC(PPB)in2017toperformadetailedanalysisoftheprojectdatasetto:(1)helpunderstandtherelationshipbetweenvarioussourcesofnitrateintheSitevicinity;(2)determinetheextentofimpactsrelatedtooperationsattheBurnsFacilityand;(3)establishtheappropriatepathforwardtoproactivelymanageanyrisksposedbycontaminationassociatedwithMKC’soperations.PPBreviewedthedataandperformedanumberofstatisticalanalysestoquantifythenitrateconcentrationsthatcanreasonablybeattributedtotheMKCfacilityandupgradientsourcesunaffectedbytheMKCFacility.ThisanalysisshowsthatwhiletheremaybesomelocalizedmasscontributiontogroundwaterontheMKCFacilityitself,thenitrateconcentrationsdowngradientoftheMKCfacilityarestatisticallysignificantlylowerthantheconcentrationspresentingroundwaterupgradientoftheMKCFacility.Inshort,theeffectsofanyresidualnitratesoilsourcesontheMKCfacilityarenegligiblecomparedtotheoverwhelmingbackgroundimpactsattributabletootherundefinedsourcesupgradientoftheBurnsFacility.
Basedontheavailabledataandbackgroundanalysisperformedherein,PPBproposestomoveforwardwithestablishmentofanEnvironmentalUseControltoaddresspotentialexposurerisktoresidualcontaminationandtofacilitateKDHE’sNoFurtherAction(NFA)determinationfortheBurnsFacility.
BackgroundEvaluationReportNovember2017Page91 Introduction,PurposeandObjectives
TheMKCBurnsFacilityislocatedat301E.MainStreetinBurns,Kansas.AlocationmapisincludedasFigure1.TheBurnsFacilityisapproximatelynine(9)acresinsizeandincludesvariousstructuresconsistingofbuildings,grainbins,loadingpads,scales,etc.AgribusinessoperationshavebeenconductedattheBurnsFacilitysincethemid-1970s.TheBurnsFacilitywasvoluntarilyenteredintotheKansasDepartmentofHealthandEnvironment’s(KDHE)VoluntaryCleanupandPropertyRedevelopmentProgram(VCPRP)in1999.MKC’sextensivesitecharacterizationactivitieshaveincludedamulti-phasedvoluntarycleanupinvestigation(VCI),includingsoilandgroundwatersamplingandongoingcontinualgroundwatermonitoringtodelineatenitrogen,intheformofnitrate,(hereinafter“nitrate”)impactsinsoilandgroundwaterintheSitevicinity.
Asnewdatabecameavailableovertheperiodofrecord,itbecameapparentthattheremaybeothersourcescontributingtonitrateimpactsingroundwaterintheBurnscommunity.AlthoughtheBurnsFacilityhandlednitrogen-basedfertilizer,othersourcesofnitrateincludenearbyConcentratedAnimalFeedingOperations(CAFOs)andagriculturalfields.ForthepurposesoftheBurnsConceptualSiteModel(CSM),backgroundcontaminationisdefinedasthenitratemassingroundwaterthatisnotassociatedwithreleasesattheBurnsFacility.
KDHEandtheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)frequentlyrelyonacomparisonofsitedatatothreetimestheobservedbackgroundconcentrationasapreliminaryscreeningtooltoevaluatethesignificanceofpotentialonsitereleases(seefigureright;basedonEPA,2016).PPBappliedthissameapproachasaninitialscreeningsteptoevaluatethereasonablenessoffurtheranalysistoquantifycontaminationpotentiallyattributabletotheMKCFacility.
MDL(2mg/L)
RL(10mg/L)
Case#1 Case#2
BackgroundSample(#2)(11mg/L)
BackgroundSample(#1)(ND(2)
SourceSample(#2)(40mg/L)
SourceSample(#1)(11mg/L)
3XBackground
3XBackgroundMDL]
]
SignificanceAboveBackground
BackgroundEvaluationReportNovember2017Page10Thisreportpresentstheresultsofthatanalysisandspecificallyevaluates:
(1) Geospatialdistributionofnitratecontamination;(2) Identificationofpredominantgroundwaterflowdirectionanddelineationofupgradient
(i.e.,background),onsite,cross-gradientanddowngradientareasintheSitevicinity;(3) GeneralstatisticsfortheBurnsdatasettoensureproperapplicationofstatisticaltools;(4) Calculationofupperpredictivelimits(UPLs)toestablishthebackgroundthresholdvalue
(BTV),orlevelofcontaminationwhichcanreasonablybeattributabletobackgroundconditions;
(5) ComparisonofsitedatatothecalculatedBTV;and(6) Interwellanalysisforthedowngradientandonsitedatasetstothebackgrounddataset.
BackgroundEvaluationReportNovember2017Page112 HistoricalOperationsandBackdrop
In1997,anitratereleaseattheBurnsFacilitywasfirstreportedtotheKDHENorthCentralDistrictOffice.Thereleasewasreportedlyassociatedwithstormwaterrunofffromthedryfertilizerstoragearea.Subsequently,inNovemberof1997,asoilinvestigationwasconductedbyServi-Tech,Inc.whichidentifiednitrateinsubsurfacesoilsrangingfrom515to536milligramsperkilogram(mg/kg).OnFebruary11,1999,aVoluntaryCleanupApplicationwassubmittedtoKDHEbyFarmersGrainCooperative.OnJuly7,1999,theVoluntaryAgreementwasexecutedtoprovidearegulatoryframeworkfortheinvestigationandcleanupofnitrateimpactedsoilandgroundwaterattheBurnsFacility.Sincethattime,theBurnsFacilityhasbeenthesubjectofvariousenvironmentalstudies,includingaVCI(Enviro-Tech,2010),whichincludedmultiplesoilandgroundwaterinvestigationstoevaluatenitrateimpactsintheBurnscommunity.NitratehasbeendetectedinonsitesoilatconcentrationsexceedingKDHE’sscreeninglevels(BER-RS-047)andingroundwateratlevelsexceedingtheEPApromulgatedmaximumcontaminantlevel(MCL)of10milligramsperliter(mg/L).Soilimpactsaregenerallylimitedtothedryfertilizerbuildingareaandloadpadoftheoperationalfacility.MKChasalsoperformedongoinggroundwatermonitoringsince2002.Resultsofthe2016monitoringeventsindicatenitrateconcentrationsingroundwaterrangedfrom7.2mg/LindowngradientmonitoringwellMW-11,toamaximumconcentrationof34mg/Lonsite.MW-8and9,whicharelocatedhydraulicallyupgradientoftheBurnsfacilitycontainnitrateatconcentrationsrangingfrom23to33mg/L.
BackgroundEvaluationReportNovember2017Page123 ConceptualSiteModel3.1 SiteDescription
TheCityofBurnsisinMarionCounty,Kansas,approximately17milesnorthofElDorado,Kansas.U.S.Highway77runsadjacenttotheeastsideofBurns.TheMKCBurnsfacilityislocatedat301EastMainStreetintheSoutheastQuarterofSection33,Township22South,Range5East.AtopographicmapoftheSitevicinityisprovidedinFigure2.
ThefollowingtableandmapsummarizesthesurfacecharacteristicswithintheBurnsCSM.
SurfaceCharacteristics SourceElevation 1480FeetAMSL USGS7.5’
DigitalElevationModel
TopographicGradient Flat,gentleslopetothewest
NearestSurfaceWaterBody EastBranchWhitewaterRiver(approximately0.85mileswestofProperty)
3.2 SurroundingPropertyUses
AccordingtheUSCensusBureau(USCensusBureau,2010),228people,93households,and59familiesareinBurns,whichis40personsreductionsince2000(USCensusBureau,2000).ThelanduseinBurnsconsistsofcommercial,residential,andagriculturaluses.TothenorthandwestoftheFacilityisprimarilycommercialandresidential;totheeastandsouthisagriculturalsettingwithfeedlotoperationsimmediatelyadjacenttotheeast(seeaerialphotographabove,courtesyGoogleMaps,2017).
AwindshieldsurveywasconductedonJune19,2017.Theobjectiveofthesurveywastoidentifyanddocumentlandusesofsurroundingpropertiesindicativeofpotentialnitrate
BackgroundEvaluationReportNovember2017Page13contributiontotheregionalnitrateimpactsintheBurnsvicinity.AccordingtoKDHE’sNitratePolicy(KDHE,2014),therearevariousfactorsand/oractivitiesthatmayhaveabearingonnitrogenlevelsinsoilorgroundwaterforaparticularareaincludingbutnotlimitedtothefollowing:
• Agriculturalactivities:cropfertilizersconsistingofnitrateorammonia;turfmanagementoperations,gardening.
• Animalwastes:manure,feedlots,dairies,confinedfeedingoperations.
• Naturalcauses:geologicand/orcontentoforganicmatter.
• Precipitation:Precipitationinconjunctionwithagriculturalactivities,animalwastes,orothernaturalcauses.
PPBobservedlanduseintheSitevicinity,whichincludedagriculturalactivitiesandCAFOs.Specifically,severalupgradientpointandnon-pointsourcesweredocumented,whichincludedafeedlottotheeast,alongwithheavyagricultureactivitiestothesouthandeast.Inaddition,Glen’sFeedStore,aretailfacilityfocusingonfeedandagriculturalchemicalsalesislocatedjustwest(cross-gradient)oftheMKCfacility.ThephotographiclogofthepotentialcontributingsourcescanbefoundinAppendixA.
3.3 PreviousInvestigations
SeveralinvestigationshavebeenconductedattheBurnsfacilitysinceitsinceptionintotheVCPRP.Thefollowingisasummaryandbriefsynopsisofpertinentactivities.Figure3presentsacomprehensivesummaryofavailablesoilconcentrationdata:
• June-August1997:KDHESiteVisitandSampling:KDHEvisitsSiteandobservesliquidinditchesneardryfertilizerstoragebuilding;watersamplescollectedfromthreeprivatewellsindicatenitratelevelsexceedingtheMCLof10mg/L.
• November1997:Servi-TechSoilInvestigation:Soilsampleswerecollectedinsurfacedrainagepathways(at11locations)fromdepthsrangingfromsurfaceto10feetbelowgroundsurface(bgs).Themaximumnitrateconcentrationdetectedinsoilwas536mg/kgfrom1-2feet(ft)bgsfromalocationtopographicallydowngradientofthedryfertilizerplant.Asoilsamplecollectedimmediatelytopographicallydowngradientfromaliquidfertilizercontainmentarea(from0-0.5ftbgs)detectedammoniaat515mg/kg.ThereisnoKDHEscreeninglevelforammoniainsoil.
• September2000:Servi-TechSoilSampling:Soilsampleswerecollectedatsixlocationsatdepthsrangingfrom1-10ftbgsnearthedryfertilizerstoragearea.Thehighest
BackgroundEvaluationReportNovember2017Page14
concentrationsofnitrogendetectedwere280mg/kgnitrateand300mg/kgammoniafromthe2-3ftinterval.
• June2002:Servi-TechMonitoringWellInstallation:Threemonitoringwells(MW-1throughMW-3)wereinstalledtodepthsof37-40ftbgs.
• October2006:EnviroTechServices,Inc.SoilSampling:Soilsampleswerecollectedatfourlocationsneartheliquidfertilizerstoragearea.
• April2007:EnviroTechServices,Inc.SoilSampling:Soilsampleswerecollectedfrom29locationsneartheliquidanddryfertilizerstorageareas.
• May2007:EnviroTechServices,Inc.MonitoringWellInstallation:Fourmonitoringwells(MW-4throughMW-7)wereinstalledtodepthsrangingfrom44-50ftbgs.
• June2009:EnviroTechServices,Inc.SoilSampling:Soilsampleswerecollectedfrom11locationsnearMonitoringwellMW-4;upgradientofanyfertilizerstorage/handling.
BackgroundEvaluationReportNovember2017Page153.4 SiteGeology/HydrogeologySummary
ThetablebelowsummarizessitesoilsrelevanttotheBackgroundEvaluation.
SoilTypes Source3890-LadysmithSiltyClayloam,0to1percentslopes
USDASoilConservationService,SSURGODatabase
SoilSurveyStaff,NaturalResourcesConservationService,UnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture.WebSoilSurvey.Availableonlineathttp://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/.AccessedJuly17,2017.
BackgroundEvaluationReportNovember2017Page16ThetablebelowsummarizessitegeologyandhydrogeologyrelevanttotheBackgroundEvaluation.
SiteGeologyandHydrogeology Source
Formation Permian-agedsedimentsoftheChaseGroup,consistingofalternatinglayersofshalesandlimestones.
LogDescription
Uppertwofeetoftopsoil,followedbyasiltyclay,whichquicklygradesintoalternatinglayersofyellowandredshalesandlimewithlimestonefragmentsintermixed.Grayshaleand/orgreylimestonerockwasencounteredatdepthsrangingfrom70-90ft.
KansasGeologicalSociety;WWC5logsobtainedfromthewaterwellsurvey(Terracon,2017a)andVCI(Enviro-Tech,2010)
DepthtoGroundwater
Depthtogroundwateronthefacilityhasrangedfrom19.57to39ftbgssince2012.
Terracon,2012-2017
GroundwaterFlowDirection
Groundwaterflowisgenerallytothenorthwestinthewater-bearingzonebeingevaluatedattheBurnsFacility
Professionalinterpretation
BackgroundEvaluationReportNovember2017Page173.5 GroundwaterMonitoringProgram
Groundwatermonitoringhasbeenconductedsinceatleast2002,withcontinuouseventsoccurringsemiannualoverthelastfiveyears.MonitoringhasbeenconductedinaccordancewiththeKDHE-approvedgroundwatersamplingprogramandKDHE’sStandardOperatingProcedureforCollectionofGroundwaterSamplesatKnownorSuspectedGroundwaterContaminationSites(KDHE,2011)asfurthersummarizedbelow:
MonitoringWell
2012
(June,December)
2013
(April,October)
2014
(April,October)
2015
(April,October)
2016
(April,October)
MW-1 ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔MW-2 ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔MW-3 ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
MW-4 ✔ ✔ ✔
MW-5 ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔MW-6 ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔MW-7 ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔MW-8 ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
MW-9 ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔MW-10 ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔MW-11 ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔MW-12 ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔Monitoringoccurredannuallyfrom2002-2006,semiannually,in2007,andin2010
Asidentifiedabove,substantialdatahasbeencollectedoverthelast15years.Groundwatersamplesfromthe11monitoringwellsweretypicallycollectedwithabailerandanalyzedbyEPAMethod353.2.Welllogsindicatethateachwelliscompletedwithinthesameperchedwater-bearingzone.Additionalinformationonsamplingmethodsandresultsisprovidedinthereportscitedherein.
3.6 GroundwaterFlowAnalysisandSiteHydrogeology
Since2012,groundwaterelevationshavefluctuatedwithpeakelevationsgenerallycoincidingwiththefallseason.Figure4,GroundwaterElevationTrends,showsthegroundwaterelevationstrendsfrom2012to2016forsitemonitoringwells.
Groundwaterflowdirectionhasbeenextensivelyevaluatedandisconsistentlytothenorthwest.Figure5presentsdepictsvariationsingroundwaterflowdirectionoverthelastfive
BackgroundEvaluationReportNovember2017Page18years.Itisevidentthatgroundwaterflowdirectionisconstantandisnotaffectedbyfluctuationsingroundwaterelevationorseasonalvariations.
3.7 Upgradientvs.Onsitevs.Downgradient
Forthebackgroundevaluation,monitoringwellsattheSitewereclassifiedasfollowsandshownonFigure6:
• Onsite:WellslocatedontheMKCBurnsfacility
• Downgradient:Wellslocatednorthwest(hydraulicallydowngradient)fromtheMKCBurnsfacility(MW-11andMW-12)
• Upgradient:WellslocatedeastorsoutheastoftheMKCBurnsfacilitythatareindicativeofbackgroundconditions(MW-8andMW-9)
• Cross-gradient(X-Gradient):WellslocatedwestornortheastofthefacilitythatarenotLocatedperpendiculartothedirectionofgroundwaterflowfromtheMKCBurnsFacility(MW-5andMW-10).
3.8 NitrateConcentrationAnalysis
Figure7,NitrateConcentrationsinGroundwaterOctober2016,reflectsthemostcurrentsnapshotofsite-widenitrogenconcentrationingroundwater.ThehighestnitrateconcentrationdetectedinthegroundwaterontheFacilitywas34.0mg/L.UpgradientmonitoringwellsMW-8andMW-9detectednitrateatconcentrationsof33.6and23.3,respectively.AdditionalgroundwaterdataarepresentedinTable1.
Asshownintheboxplottotheright,thehighestnitrateconcentrationshavehistoricallybeendetectedattheMKCfacility;however,thefigurealsoshowsthatnitrateconcentrationsaresignificantlyelevatedintheupgradientpopulationrelativetodowngradientandx-gradientdatasets,andtheMCLof10mg/L.
BackgroundEvaluationReportNovember2017Page194 RegulatoryFrameworkforGroundwaterBackgroundEvaluation
ThefollowingpoliciesandguidancedocumentsprovidetheregulatoryframeworkfortheinvestigationandcleanupofnitrogensitesinKansas.Inaddition,thefollowingresourcesprovidethebasisforestablishingforthcomingremedialactionobjectives(RAOs).
4.1 Risk-BasedStandardsforKansas
TheRisk-BasedStandardsforKansas(RSK)Manual(KDHE,2015)establishesathree-tierapproachtoestablishscreeninglevels.Tier1involvesacomparisonofsite-specificdatatobackgroundconcentrationsfortheaffectedmedium.ATier2analysisinvolvesacomparisonofsite-specificdatatopublishedscreeninglevelsdevelopedbyKDHEusingrelativelyconservativeinputparameters.ATier3analysisincorporatessite-specificinputparameterstodetermineappropriatescreeninglevels,andcanalsoincorporatemodelingandanevaluationofexposurepathwaysandpotentialreceptorsbasedonlanduse.
4.2 BERNitratePolicy
KDHE’sPresumptiveRemedyPolicy,InvestigationandCleanupofNitrogenatAgriculture-RelatedSitesinKansas(KDHE,2014)providesguidanceforastreamlinedframeworkforevaluatingnitratecontaminationinsoilandgroundwater.Thepolicyspecificallydefines“background”evaluationasaCleanupLevelConsiderationandprovidesflexibilitytoensurebackgroundcontributionisconsideredwithrespecttoassessmentandremediation.
Morespecifically,thepolicystates:Itiscriticaltounderstandbackgroundnitrate-Nconcentrationsingroundwaterpriortoestablishingtheremediationgoalforasite.Ifthenitrate-NcontaminationlevelsforgroundwaterfortheareasurroundingthesiteareabovetheMCLof10mg/Lbecauseofnon-pointsourcepollutionandthesitenitrate-Nconcentrationsarewellabovetheobserved“backgroundlevels”thentheremediationgoalmaybeevaluatedwithKDHEtodetermineamoreappropriatecleanuplevelconsistentwiththeAppendix“BackgroundEvaluationforNitrateSites.ThepolicyalsoidentifiesMCLsasfinalcleanupgoals,butrecognizesbackgroundimpacts:EPA-promulgatedMCLswhenavailablewillbethefinalcleanuplevelsforgroundwater,withconsiderationofbackgroundcontribution,independentofTier3analysis(KDHE,2014).
4.3 BERBackgroundPolicy
KDHE’sguidanceonDeterminingBackgroundLevelsforChemicalsofConcern(KDHE,2010)providesamechanismfordevelopingsite-specificbackgroundvaluesinlieuoftheMCLswhennaturalornon-pointsourceanthropogeniccontaminants(e.g.,nitrate)arepresentupgradientandimpactingaparticularfacility.Thepolicyspecificallystates:
BackgroundEvaluationReportNovember2017Page20“Naturalornon-pointsourceanthropogenicCOCs(suchasmetals,nitrate,radionuclides,chloridesandothers)maybepresentingroundwaterandmayexceedtheTier2cleanupvalues”(e.g.,10mg/L).Determininglocalbackgroundlevelsingroundwatermayrequireinstallationofupgradientorsidegradientmonitoringwellsorgroundwaterprobesandobtainingsamplesordatafromnearbymonitoringorwater-supplywells.Insparselypopulatedareas”(e.g.,Burns,KS)“,dataavailabilitymaybelimited.Nevertheless,obtainingbackgrounddatafromevenafewexistingwellsmayreduceuncertaintyregardingbackgroundlevelsofCOCs.Determiningbackgroundlevelsingroundwatershouldfollowthesamegeneralproceduresasthoseforsoils,recognizingthatthenumberofsamplepointsmaybelimited.”(KDHE,2010).
BackgroundEvaluationReportNovember2017Page215 Statistics
Basedonthedataandpolicyframeworkpresentedabove,PPBproceededwithastatisticalanalysisoftheBurnsdatasettoevaluatepotentialSiterelatedandupgradientcontributiontogroundwater.
5.1 Methodology
AnanalysisofthegroundwaterdatasetfromDecember2012throughOctober2016wasperformedusingEPA’sProUCLver.5.1statisticalsoftwarepackage(EPA,2015)toevaluatebackgroundconcentrations,datadistribution,andcontaminanttrendsintheSitevicinity.ThestatisticalanalysesareprovidedinAppendixBanddiscussedbelow.Thedataanalysisincludesthefollowing:
• TestforOutliers:NitrateconcentrationmeasurementsfromallsitemonitoringwellsweretestedforoutliersusingDixon’stest.Outliersweresubjecttofurtherqualityassurancereviewtodeterminewhetherthesamplewascompromisedandthesourceofimpact.
• Non-DetectResults:Traditionally,non-detect(ND)results(i.e.,resultsreportedasbelowtheirlaboratoryreportinglimits(RL)),areadjustedbasedonthefrequencyofNDresultsinthedatasettofacilitatestatisticalanalysis(e.g.,setat50percentoftheRL,setattheRL,etc.).TheBurnsdatasetdoesnotincludeanyNDresultsfornitrate;therefore,noadjustmentswererequired.
• Distributionassessment:ThedatawereevaluatedtodeterminewhetherthenitrateconcentrationdistributionsatisfiesnormalityassumptionsusingtheShapiro-Wilkstest.Inaddition,thedatawereevaluatedonanarea-specificbasis(e.g.,upgradient,downgradient,andcross-gradient)toensurethedatadistributionofthesesubsetssatisfiednormalityconstraints.Ifdatadidnotsatisfynormalityconstraints,appropriatetransformationswouldbeappliedandthedatawouldbereanalyzedfornormality.
• TrendAnalysis:Thedatawereevaluatedtodeterminewhethertrendsexistinthedatasetonawell-by-wellbasisusingtheMann-Kendalltest.
• PredictionLimits:Theupgradientsitedatawereevaluatedtodeterminethebackgroundthresholdvalue(BTV).TheBTVisapredictivevaluerepresentativeofthehighestconcentrationata95%levelofconfidencethatcouldbepresumedtobeattributabletobackgroundimpacts.UpperToleranceLimits(UTL),UpperPredictionLimits(UPL)andUpperSignificanceLimits(USLs)weredeterminedfortheupgradientdataset.
• InterwellComparison:Nitrateconcentrationsfromdowngradient,onsite,andcross-gradientwellsarecomparedtothecorrespondingBTVfromthebackgrounddataset.Inaddition,thedataweresubjectedtotwosamplet-Testswherenitrateconcentrations
BackgroundEvaluationReportNovember2017Page22
fromdowngradient,onsite,andcross-gradientareaswerecomparedagainstupgradientconcentrationsusingtheStudentt(Pooled)Test,Welch-SatterthwaiteTest,andMann-Kendall-WhitneyTest.
5.2 StatisticalAnalysisandResults
TheresultsofthestatisticalanalysesarepresentedinAppendixBandaresummarizedbelow.GeneralstatisticsfortheMKCBurnsfacilitygroundwaterdatasetarepresentedinAppendixB.1.
5.2.1 Outliers
TheresultsoftheoutlieranalysisareprovidedinAppendixB.2.Theoutlieranalysisidentifiedsixpotentialoutliersinthedatasetata10%significancelevel,fivepotentialoutliersata5%significancelevelandthreepotentialoutliersata1%significancelevelasshowninthetablebelow.
Date Result Min/Max SignificanceLevel(s) MethodMW-4 10/22/2014 63.8mg/L Maximum 10% Dixon’sOutlierTest
MW-5 10/8/2015 25.7mg/L Maximum 10%,5%,1% Dixon’sOutlierTest
MW-7 10/18/2016 2.9mg/L Minimum 10%,5%,1% Dixon’sOutlierTest
MW-10 10/15/2013 22.7mg/L Maximum 10%,5% Dixon’sOutlierTest
MW-11 4/4/2013 21.4mg/L Maximum 10%,5% Dixon’sOutlierTest
MW-12 10/18/2016 11.6mg/L Minimum 10%,5%,1% Dixon’sOutlerTest
OutlierswerenotremovedfromsubsequentanalysisbecausePPB’squalityassurancereviewcouldnotascertainwhetherthesamplesinquestionwerecompromisedoridentifyanysourcesofsuchimpacts.
5.2.2 DataDistribution
Thedatasetintotalandforindividualsub-areaswereevaluatedtodeterminewhethertheymetconditionsfornormalityorwereotherwisedistributed.Theresultsofthegoodness-of-fitanalysesareprovidedinAppendixB.3,includinggraphicalQ-Qplotsfornitrate.Thedatasatisfytheconditionsfornormalityandthereforenodatatransformationswererequiredforsubsequentanalyses.
5.2.3 TrendAnalyses
Mann-KendallTrendAnalyseswereperformedtoevaluatepotentialtrendsinthedataset.TheresultsofthetrendanalysesareprovidedinAppendixB.4.MonitoringWell11(downgradient)
BackgroundEvaluationReportNovember2017Page23exhibitedstatisticallysignificantevidenceofadecreasingtrendata5%levelofsignificance.Therewasinsufficientevidencetoidentifyasignificanttrendata5%levelofsignificanceinallothersitemonitoringwells.
5.2.4 BackgroundThresholdValues
AppendixB.5presentsthecalculationsofpredictivelimits(e.g.,BTVs)forthebackgrounddataset.TheanalysisyieldedthefollowingestimatesofBTVbasedona95%confidenceleveland95%coverage:
BTVestimatecalculations Result95%uppertolerancelimitwith95%coverage 38.4mg/L
95%upperpredictionlimit 33.7mg/L
95%uppersimultaneouslimit 37.4mg/L
TheUSLtendstoyieldaconservativeestimateoftheBTVandprovidesbalancebetweenfalsepositivesandfalsenegativesinabackgrounddataset;therefore,itwasselectedastheBTVforsubsequentanalyses.
5.2.5 InterwellAnalysis
Theinitialinterwellanalysisinvolvescomparingarea-specificconcentrationdata,theUPL,andestimatesofthemeantotheBTVestimate(37.4mg/L).
October2016 UPL95 Maximum Mean UCL95Downgradient 11.6 31.3 26.9 15.7 19.3
Onsite 34.0 50.7 63.8 26.0 29.4
CrossGradient 12.2 22.5 25.7 15.0 16.7
Noneofthecurrent(October2016)concentrationdataexceedtheBTVof37.4.Moreover,dataindicatethatthearithmeticmeanandUCL95alsofallwellbelowtheBTV.Notwithstanding,basedontheUPL95andmaximumhistoricaldata,itispossiblethatnitrateconcentrationscouldreasonablybeanticipatedtoexceedtheBTVontheMKCfacility.
Thedatawerefurtheranalyzedusingtwosamplet-teststoevaluatewhethertherearestatisticallysignificantdifferencesbetweenbackgroundandonsite,downgradient,andcross-gradientdatasets.
Thetablebelowindicatestheresultsoftheseanalyses,witha“+”indicatingthatthetestindicatedtheindicatedpopulationisgreaterthanorequaltobackgroundand“-”indicatingthetestindicatedthespecifiedpopulationisbelowbackgroundata95%levelofconfidence:
BackgroundEvaluationReportNovember2017Page24
StudenttTest
WelchSatterthwaite
Test
Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney
Downgradient - - -Onsite + + +
CrossGradient - - -Theinterwellanalysesshowthatthedowngradientandcrossgradientdatasetsarestatisticallysignificantlylowerthanthebackgrounddatasetviaeachstatisticaltest.Theinterwellanalysesfurthershowthattheonsitedatasetexceedsthebackgrounddataset.
5.3 InterpretationsandConclusions
Theevaluationpresentedaboveprovidesacomprehensiveevaluationofthegroundwaterdatasetandnitratedistributioninthesubsurface.Theanalysisnaturallyleadstothefollowinginterpretationsandconclusions:
(1) TheestimatedBTVcalculatedfortheSite(37.4mg/L),whichisanestimateofthemaximumconcentrationthatisstatisticallyreasonablyexpectedtobeattributabletobackgroundbasedontheexistingdataset,exceedstheMCLfornitrate.Inaddition,theUCL95,anupperboundestimateofthemean,andthearithmeticmeanofthebackgrounddataset(25.1mg/Land22.3mg/L,respectively)exceedtheMCL.
CONTAMINATIONUPGRADIENTOFANDUNRELATEDTOTHEMKCFACILITYISPRESENTATCONCENTRATIONSWELLABOVEDRINKINGWATERSTANDARDS.
(2) ThehighestnitrateconcentrationsdetectedduringtheOctober2016samplingevent(34.0mg/LatonsitewellMW-3and33.6mg/LatupgradientwellMW-8)fallbelowtheBTVof37.4mg/L.ALTHOUGHNITRATECONCENTRATIONSINTHEBURNSVICINITYEXCEEDDRINKINGWATERSTANDARDS,THEMOSTRECENTSITEDATAAREINDISTINGUISHABLEFROMBACKGROUND.
(3) Interwellanalysesalsoevaluatedtherelationshipbetweentheonsiteandbackgrounddatasets.TheseanalysesalsoyieldedconsistentfindingsshowingthattherehaslikelybeenareleaseofnitratetotheenvironmentinthevicinityoftheMKCfacilitywhichresultedinlocalizedgroundwaterimpactsinexcessoftheBTVandMCL.
BackgroundEvaluationReportNovember2017Page25
LOCALIZEDGROUNDWATERIMPACTSABOVETHEBTVARELIKELYATTRIBUTABLETORELASESNEARTHEMKCFACILITY.HOWEVER,ASNOTEDABOVE,CURRENTCONCENTRATIONDATAONTHEMKCFACILTIYFALLBELOWTHEBTV,INDICATINGTHESIGNIFICANCEOFTHESEIMPACTSARENEGLIGIBLERELATIVETOBACKGROUND.
(4) Interwellanalyseswereperformedtoevaluatetherelationshipbetweendataupgradient(background)anddowngradientoftheMKCfacility.EachinterwellanalysisyieldedconsistentfindingsanddemonstratethatconcentrationsdowngradientoftheMKCfacilityarestatisticallysignificantlylowerthanthebackgrounddataset.DOWNGRADIENTGROUNDWATERCONCENTRATIONSAREBELOWBACKGROUNDCONCENTRATIONS.ALTHOUGHITISPOSSIBLETHATRELEASESATTHEMKCFACILITYMAYHAVEAFFECTEDGROUNDWATER,THESEIMPACTSHAVENOTRESULTEDINGROUNDWATERIMPACTSABOVEBACKGROUNDDOWNGRADIENTOFTHEMKCFACILITY.
BackgroundEvaluationReportNovember2017Page266 Recommendations
Basedonthebackgroundevaluationpresentedherein,PPBrecommendsestablishmentofanEnvironmentalUseControl(EUC)ontheMKCBurnsfacility.TheEUCwillestablishappropriatecontrolstomitigatepotentialfutureexposurerisksassociatedwithresidualcontaminationontheBurnsfacility.AnEUCapplicationandsupportingdocumentationwillbeprovidedtoKDHEunderseparatecover.PPBunderstandsthatKDHEwillgrantanofurtheractiondeterminationuponestablishmentoftheEUCandsatisfactionofKDHE’spublicparticipationrequirements(KDHE2017).
BackgroundEvaluationReportNovember2017Page277 References
Enviro-Tech,2013a,GroundwaterMonitoringReport,preparedbyEnviro-TechServicesonbehalfofMid-KansasCooperative,June.
Enviro-Tech,2013b,GroundwaterMonitoringReport,preparedbyEnviro-TechServicesonbehalfofMid-KansasCooperative,January.
Enviro-Tech,2010,VoluntaryCleanupInvestigationReport,preparedbyEnviroTechServices,Inc.onbehalfofMid-KansasCooperative,February.
EPA,2016,USEPASuperfundWebsite,Section6:LikelihoodofRelease,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,https://www.epa.gov/superfund/section-6-likelihood-release.
EPA,2015a,ProUCLSoftwarever.5.1.002,developedbyLockheedMartinonbehalfofU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency.
EPA,2015b,ProUCLVersion5.1UserGuide,developedbyLockheedMartinonbehalfofU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,EPA/600/R-07/041,October.
KDHE,2017,KDHEResponsetoBackgroundEvaluationReport,farmersgraincooperative,burns,MarionCounty,Kansas,LetterfromB.Johnson(KDHE)toE.Lange(MKC),October12.
KDHE,2016,ConsiderationsforGroundwaterPotabilityandUseDetermination,BERPolicy#BER-RS-045;KansasDepartmentofHealthandEnvironment,April.
KDHE,2015,Risk-BasedStandardsforKansas:RSKManual-5thVersion;KansasDepartmentofHealthandEnvironment,October.
KDHE,2014,PresumptiveRemedyPolicy,InvestigationandCleanupofNitrogenatAgriculture-RelatedSitesinKansas,BERPolicy#BER-RS-047;KansasDepartmentofHealthandEnvironment,December.
KDHE,2010,DeterminingBackgroundLevelsforChemicalsofConcern,KDHEBERPolicy#BER-RS-038;KansasDepartmentofHealthandEnvironment,June.
KDHE,2011,CollectionofGroundwaterSamplesatKnownorSuspectedGroundwaterContaminationSites,StandardOperatingProcedure–BER-01,KansasDepartmentofHealthandEnvironment,January.
BackgroundEvaluationReportNovember2017Page28Terracon,2017a,UpdatedWaterWellSurvey,FarmersGrainCooperative(MKCBurns),
preparedbyTerraconConsultants,Inc.onbehalfofMid-KansasCooperative,February.
Terracon,2017b,October2016Semi-AnnualGroundwaterMonitoringReport,preparedbyTerraconConsultants,Inc.onbehalfofMid-KansasCooperative,March.
Terracon,2016,April2016Semi-AnnualGroundwaterMonitoringReport,preparedbyTerraconConsultants,Inc.onbehalfofMid-KansasCooperative,May.
Terracon,2015a,October2015Semi-AnnualGroundwaterMonitoringReport,preparedbyTerraconConsultants,Inc.onbehalfofMid-KansasCooperative,October.
Terracon,2015b,April2015Semi-AnnualGroundwaterMonitoringReport,preparedbyTerraconConsultants,Inc.onbehalfofMid-KansasCooperative,May.
Terracon2014,April2014Semi-AnnualGroundwaterMonitoringReport,preparedbyTerraconConsultants,Inc.onbehalfofMid-KansasCooperative,April.
Terracon,2013,October2013Semi-AnnualGroundwaterMonitoringReport,preparedbyTerraconConsultants,Inc.onbehalfofMid-KansasCooperative,October.
Servi-Tech,2002,DRAFTVCIReport,preparedbyServi-Tech,Inc.onbehalfofMid-KansasCooperative.
Servi-Tech,2000,SoilSamplingNorthofDryFertilizerStorageBuilding,preparedbyServi-Tech,Inc.onbehalfofFarmersGranCooperativeofWalton–BurnsBranch,Burns,Kansas.
Servi-Tech,1997,SamplingandSiteAssessmentFertilizerFacilities,preparedbyServi-Tech,Inc.onbehalfofFarmersGrainCooperativeofWalton-BurnsBranch,Burns,Kansas,December.
TABLES
TABLE1Mid-KansasCooperative-BurnsFacility
HistoricalGroundwaterElevationandNitrateConcentrationData
ppBEnviroSolutionsLLCAugust2017Page1of4
MonitoringWellID
TOCElevation
Longitude Latitude SampleDate DepthtoWater(ftBelowTOC)
GroundwaterElevation(ftAMSL)
NitrateConcentration(mg/L)
Classification
MW-1 1500.75 -96.88472037 38.09024938 12/18/12 39.12 1461.63 4.16 ONSITEMW-1 1500.75 -96.88472037 38.09024938 4/4/13 38.93 1461.82 3.6 ONSITEMW-1 1500.75 -96.88472037 38.09024938 10/15/13 33.11 1467.64 3.3 ONSITEMW-1 1500.75 -96.88472037 38.09024938 4/8/14 36.86 1463.89 5.0 ONSITEMW-1 1500.75 -96.88472037 38.09024938 10/22/14 36.98 1463.77 3.8 ONSITEMW-1 1500.75 -96.88472037 38.09024938 4/21/15 39.03 1461.72 4.5 ONSITEMW-1 1500.75 -96.88472037 38.09024938 10/8/15 34.96 1465.79 3.6 ONSITEMW-1 1500.75 -96.88472037 38.09024938 4/12/16 38.16 1462.59 3.2 ONSITEMW-1 1500.75 -96.88472037 38.09024938 10/18/16 27.36 1473.39 2.4 ONSITEMW-2 1500.54 -96.88423186 38.08919629 12/18/12 38.32 1462.22 44 ONSITEMW-2 1500.54 -96.88423186 38.08919629 4/4/13 38.3 1462.24 26.2 ONSITEMW-2 1500.54 -96.88423186 38.08919629 10/15/13 32.21 1468.33 13.6 ONSITEMW-2 1500.54 -96.88423186 38.08919629 4/8/14 36.02 1464.52 18.4 ONSITEMW-2 1500.54 -96.88423186 38.08919629 10/22/14 36.12 1464.42 24.6 ONSITEMW-2 1500.54 -96.88423186 38.08919629 4/21/15 38.42 1462.12 39.9 ONSITEMW-2 1500.54 -96.88423186 38.08919629 10/8/15 34.14 1466.4 20.8 ONSITEMW-2 1500.54 -96.88423186 38.08919629 4/12/16 37.22 1463.32 26.6 ONSITEMW-2 1500.54 -96.88423186 38.08919629 10/18/16 26.47 1474.07 15.9 ONSITEMW-3 1501.5 -96.88353366 38.08976546 12/18/12 38.78 1462.72 39.6 ONSITEMW-3 1501.5 -96.88353366 38.08976546 4/4/13 38.89 1462.61 34.2 ONSITEMW-3 1501.5 -96.88353366 38.08976546 10/15/13 32.76 1468.74 37.6 ONSITEMW-3 1501.5 -96.88353366 38.08976546 4/8/14 36.59 1464.91 36.5 ONSITEMW-3 1501.5 -96.88353366 38.08976546 10/22/14 36.73 1464.77 32.3 ONSITEMW-3 1501.5 -96.88353366 38.08976546 4/21/15 39.04 1462.46 34.3 ONSITEMW-3 1501.5 -96.88353366 38.08976546 10/8/15 34.83 1466.67 35.7 ONSITEMW-3 1501.5 -96.88353366 38.08976546 4/12/16 37.79 1463.71 33.6 ONSITEMW-3 1501.5 -96.88353366 38.08976546 10/18/16 27.02 1474.48 34.0 ONSITEMW-4 1498.91 -96.88340916 38.08885244 12/18/12 35.67 1463.24 44 ONSITEMW-4 1498.91 -96.88340916 38.08885244 4/4/13 35.79 1463.12 44.8 ONSITEMW-4 1498.91 -96.88340916 38.08885244 10/15/13 29.51 1469.4 50.1 ONSITEMW-4 1498.91 -96.88340916 38.08885244 4/8/14 34.43 1464.48 52.3 ONSITEMW-4 1498.91 -96.88340916 38.08885244 10/22/14 33.45 1465.46 63.8 ONSITEMW-4 1498.91 -96.88340916 38.08885244 4/21/15 35.9 1463.01 43.2 ONSITE
TABLE1Mid-KansasCooperative-BurnsFacility
HistoricalGroundwaterElevationandNitrateConcentrationData
ppBEnviroSolutionsLLCAugust2017Page2of4
MonitoringWellID
TOCElevation
Longitude Latitude SampleDate DepthtoWater(ftBelowTOC)
GroundwaterElevation(ftAMSL)
NitrateConcentration(mg/L)
Classification
MW-4 1498.91 -96.88340916 38.08885244 10/8/15 NotMeasured NotMeasured NotMeasured ONSITEMW-4 1498.91 -96.88340916 38.08885244 4/12/16 NotMeasured NotMeasured NotMeasured ONSITEMW-4 1498.91 -96.88340916 38.08885244 10/18/16 NotMeasured NotMeasured NotMeasured ONSITEMW-5 1494.99 -96.88334406 38.09027228 12/18/12 31.41 1463.58 12.5 X-GRADIENTMW-5 1494.99 -96.88334406 38.09027228 4/4/13 31.33 1463.66 12.4 X-GRADIENTMW-5 1494.99 -96.88334406 38.09027228 10/15/13 25.32 1469.67 13.8 X-GRADIENTMW-5 1494.99 -96.88334406 38.09027228 4/8/14 29.08 1465.91 12.6 X-GRADIENTMW-5 1494.99 -96.88334406 38.09027228 10/22/14 29.27 1465.72 11 X-GRADIENTMW-5 1494.99 -96.88334406 38.09027228 4/21/15 31.49 1463.5 12.8 X-GRADIENTMW-5 1494.99 -96.88334406 38.09027228 10/8/15 27.4 1467.59 25.7 X-GRADIENTMW-5 1494.99 -96.88334406 38.09027228 4/12/16 30.34 1464.65 10.2 X-GRADIENTMW-5 1494.99 -96.88334406 38.09027228 10/18/16 19.57 1475.42 9.9 X-GRADIENTMW-6 1495.27 -96.88411089 38.09025271 12/18/12 33.49 1461.78 32.2 ONSITEMW-6 1495.27 -96.88411089 38.09025271 4/4/13 33.31 1461.96 26.6 ONSITEMW-6 1495.27 -96.88411089 38.09025271 10/15/13 27.49 1467.78 29.7 ONSITEMW-6 1495.27 -96.88411089 38.09025271 4/8/14 31.22 1464.05 33.1 ONSITEMW-6 1495.27 -96.88411089 38.09025271 10/22/14 31.35 1463.92 27.4 ONSITEMW-6 1495.27 -96.88411089 38.09025271 4/21/15 33.38 1461.89 29.2 ONSITEMW-6 1495.27 -96.88411089 38.09025271 10/8/15 29.36 1465.91 26.7 ONSITEMW-6 1495.27 -96.88411089 38.09025271 4/12/16 32.49 1462.78 32.3 ONSITEMW-6 1495.27 -96.88411089 38.09025271 10/18/16 21.77 1473.5 23.9 ONSITEMW-7 1498.01 -96.88469725 38.08979596 12/18/12 36.28 1461.73 23.8 ONSITEMW-7 1498.01 -96.88469725 38.08979596 4/4/13 36.16 1461.85 25.4 ONSITEMW-7 1498.01 -96.88469725 38.08979596 10/15/13 30.3 1467.71 22.3 ONSITEMW-7 1498.01 -96.88469725 38.08979596 4/8/14 34.04 1463.97 20.1 ONSITEMW-7 1498.01 -96.88469725 38.08979596 10/22/14 34.12 1463.89 21.6 ONSITEMW-7 1498.01 -96.88469725 38.08979596 4/21/15 36.2 1461.81 24.5 ONSITEMW-7 1498.01 -96.88469725 38.08979596 10/8/15 32.11 1465.9 22.6 ONSITEMW-7 1498.01 -96.88469725 38.08979596 4/12/16 35.29 1462.72 20.9 ONSITEMW-7 1498.01 -96.88469725 38.08979596 10/18/16 24.58 1473.43 2.9 ONSITEMW-8 1495.97 -96.8828865 38.08811407 12/18/12 32 1463.97 16 UPGRADIENTMW-8 1495.97 -96.8828865 38.08811407 4/4/13 32.35 1463.62 17.7 UPGRADIENTMW-8 1495.97 -96.8828865 38.08811407 10/16/13 25.87 1470.1 31.9 UPGRADIENT
TABLE1Mid-KansasCooperative-BurnsFacility
HistoricalGroundwaterElevationandNitrateConcentrationData
ppBEnviroSolutionsLLCAugust2017Page3of4
MonitoringWellID
TOCElevation
Longitude Latitude SampleDate DepthtoWater(ftBelowTOC)
GroundwaterElevation(ftAMSL)
NitrateConcentration(mg/L)
Classification
MW-8 1495.97 -96.8828865 38.08811407 4/8/14 29.8 1466.17 18.2 UPGRADIENTMW-8 1495.97 -96.8828865 38.08811407 10/22/14 29.73 1466.24 22.8 UPGRADIENTMW-8 1495.97 -96.8828865 38.08811407 4/21/15 32.13 1463.84 18.2 UPGRADIENTMW-8 1495.97 -96.8828865 38.08811407 10/8/15 28.05 1467.92 30.4 UPGRADIENTMW-8 1495.97 -96.8828865 38.08811407 4/12/16 30.93 1465.04 17.4 UPGRADIENTMW-8 1495.97 -96.8828865 38.08811407 10/18/16 19.78 1476.19 33.6 UPGRADIENTMW-9 1494.68 -96.88274996 38.08995162 12/18/12 31.71 1462.97 UPGRADIENTMW-9 1494.68 -96.88274996 38.08995162 4/4/13 32 1462.68 UPGRADIENTMW-9 1494.68 -96.88274996 38.08995162 10/15/13 25.78 1468.9 28.5 UPGRADIENTMW-9 1494.68 -96.88274996 38.08995162 4/8/14 29.53 1465.15 13.8 UPGRADIENTMW-9 1494.68 -96.88274996 38.08995162 10/22/14 29.72 1464.96 16.8 UPGRADIENTMW-9 1494.68 -96.88274996 38.08995162 4/21/15 31.72 1462.96 UPGRADIENTMW-9 1494.68 -96.88274996 38.08995162 10/8/15 27.87 1466.81 23.8 UPGRADIENTMW-9 1494.68 -96.88274996 38.08995162 4/12/16 30.72 1463.96 22 UPGRADIENTMW-9 1494.68 -96.88274996 38.08995162 10/18/16 19.96 1474.72 23.3 UPGRADIENTMW-10 1500.9 -96.88537831 38.08919309 12/18/12 39.21 1461.69 16 X-GRADIENTMW-10 1500.9 -96.88537831 38.08919309 4/4/13 39.19 1461.71 16.4 X-GRADIENTMW-10 1500.9 -96.88537831 38.08919309 10/15/13 33.21 1467.69 22.7 X-GRADIENTMW-10 1500.9 -96.88537831 38.08919309 4/8/14 36.94 1463.96 17.8 X-GRADIENTMW-10 1500.9 -96.88537831 38.08919309 10/22/14 37.04 1463.86 15.5 X-GRADIENTMW-10 1500.9 -96.88537831 38.08919309 4/21/15 39.26 1461.64 17.3 X-GRADIENTMW-10 1500.9 -96.88537831 38.08919309 10/8/15 35.01 1465.89 17.2 X-GRADIENTMW-10 1500.9 -96.88537831 38.08919309 4/12/16 38.2 1462.7 14.6 X-GRADIENTMW-10 1500.9 -96.88537831 38.08919309 10/18/16 27.6 1473.3 12.2 X-GRADIENTMW-11 1496.62 -96.88558259 38.09026968 12/18/12 35.6 1461.02 9.75 DOWNGRADIENTMW-11 1496.62 -96.88558259 38.09026968 4/4/13 35.37 1461.25 21.4 DOWNGRADIENTMW-11 1496.62 -96.88558259 38.09026968 10/15/13 29.31 1467.31 10.2 DOWNGRADIENTMW-11 1496.62 -96.88558259 38.09026968 4/8/14 32.95 1463.67 7.9 DOWNGRADIENTMW-11 1496.62 -96.88558259 38.09026968 10/22/14 33.13 1463.49 5.4 DOWNGRADIENTMW-11 1496.62 -96.88558259 38.09026968 4/21/15 35.38 1461.24 12.8 DOWNGRADIENTMW-11 1496.62 -96.88558259 38.09026968 10/8/15 31.02 1465.6 4.7 DOWNGRADIENTMW-11 1496.62 -96.88558259 38.09026968 4/12/16 34.25 1462.37 7.2 DOWNGRADIENTMW-11 1496.62 -96.88558259 38.09026968 10/18/16 23.84 1472.78 0.28 DOWNGRADIENT
TABLE1Mid-KansasCooperative-BurnsFacility
HistoricalGroundwaterElevationandNitrateConcentrationData
ppBEnviroSolutionsLLCAugust2017Page4of4
MonitoringWellID
TOCElevation
Longitude Latitude SampleDate DepthtoWater(ftBelowTOC)
GroundwaterElevation(ftAMSL)
NitrateConcentration(mg/L)
Classification
MW-12 1494.75 -96.88522145 38.09082476 12/18/12 33.38 1461.37 23.4 DOWNGRADIENTMW-12 1494.75 -96.88522145 38.09082476 4/4/13 33.3 1461.45 26 DOWNGRADIENTMW-12 1494.75 -96.88522145 38.09082476 10/15/13 27.42 1467.33 21.8 DOWNGRADIENTMW-12 1494.75 -96.88522145 38.09082476 4/8/14 31.28 1463.47 22.5 DOWNGRADIENTMW-12 1494.75 -96.88522145 38.09082476 10/22/14 31.27 1463.48 21.6 DOWNGRADIENTMW-12 1494.75 -96.88522145 38.09082476 4/21/15 33.3 1461.45 26.4 DOWNGRADIENTMW-12 1494.75 -96.88522145 38.09082476 10/8/15 29.2 1465.55 22.9 DOWNGRADIENTMW-12 1494.75 -96.88522145 38.09082476 4/12/16 32.61 1462.14 26.9 DOWNGRADIENTMW-12 1494.75 -96.88522145 38.09082476 10/18/16 21.88 1472.87 11.6 DOWNGRADIENT
AllconcentrationsreportedinmilligramsperliterGroundwaterandTOCelevationsreportedinfeetAMSL
FIGURES
0 300 600150
Feet
Monitoring WellMKC Facility Boundary
DESIGNED BY:
DRAWN BY:
CHECKED BY:
APPROVED BY:
DATE:
RW Site LocationCCRWRW Mid-Kansas Cooperative
Burns Facility
Background EvaluationReportFigure 1
July 2017
Copyright:© 2013 National Geographic Society, i-cubed
0 0.25 0.50.125
MilesDESIGNED BY:
DRAWN BY:
CHECKED BY:
APPROVED BY:
DATE:
RW Regional TopographyCCRWRW Mid-Kansas Cooperative
Burns Facility
Background Evaluation ReportFigure 2
August 2017
0 50 10025
FeetSoil BoringMonitoring Well
Soil concentrations reported in milligrams per kilogram (mg/Kg)ND - Not DetectedNA - Not Analyzed
SAMPLE IDDepth - NO3/NH3
DESIGNED BY:
DRAWN BY:
CHECKED BY:
APPROVED BY:
DATE:
RW Soil Data (1997-2009)CCRWRW Mid-Kansas Cooperative
Burns Facility
Background Evaluation ReportFigure 3
July 2017
0 100 20050
FeetMonitoring Well
DESIGNED BY:
DRAWN BY:
CHECKED BY:
APPROVED BY:
DATE:
RW Groundwater Elevation TrendsCCRWRW Mid-Kansas Cooperative
Burns Facility
Background EvaluationReportFigure 4
14601462146414661468147014721474
4/1/20
12
10/18/
2012
5/6/20
13
11/22/
2013
6/10/2
014
12/27/
2014
7/15/2
015
1/31/2
016
8/18/2
016
3/6/20
17
MW-1
146014621464146614681470147214741476
4/1/20
12
10/18/
2012
5/6/20
13
11/22/
2013
6/10/2
014
12/27/
2014
7/15/2
015
1/31/2
016
8/18/2
016
3/6/20
17
MW-2
146214641466146814701472147414761478
4/1/20
12
10/18/
2012
5/6/20
13
11/22/
2013
6/10/2
014
12/27/
2014
7/15/2
015
1/31/2
016
8/18/2
016
3/6/20
17
MW-5
146214631464146514661467146814691470
10/18/
2012
1/26/2
013
5/6/20
13
8/14/2
013
11/22/
2013
3/2/20
14
6/10/2
014
9/18/2
014
12/27/
2014
4/6/20
15
7/15/2
015
MW-4
146014621464146614681470147214741476
4/1/20
12
10/18/
2012
5/6/20
13
11/22/
2013
6/10/2
014
12/27/
2014
7/15/2
015
1/31/2
016
8/18/2
016
3/6/20
17
MW-7
146014621464146614681470147214741476
4/1/20
12
10/18/
2012
5/6/20
13
11/22/
2013
6/10/2
014
12/27/
2014
7/15/2
015
1/31/2
016
8/18/2
016
3/6/20
17
MW-6
14601462146414661468147014721474
4/1/20
12
10/18/
2012
5/6/20
13
11/22/
2013
6/10/2
014
12/27/
2014
7/15/2
015
1/31/2
016
8/18/2
016
3/6/20
17
MW-10
146214641466146814701472147414761478
4/1/20
12
10/18/
2012
5/6/20
13
11/22/
2013
6/10/2
014
12/27/
2014
7/15/2
015
1/31/2
016
8/18/2
016
3/6/20
17
MW-8
14601462146414661468147014721474
4/1/20
12
10/18/
2012
5/6/20
13
11/22/
2013
6/10/2
014
12/27/
2014
7/15/2
015
1/31/2
016
8/18/2
016
3/6/20
17
MW-11
14601462146414661468147014721474
4/1/20
12
10/18/
2012
5/6/20
13
11/22/
2013
6/10/2
014
12/27/
2014
7/15/2
015
1/31/2
016
8/18/2
016
3/6/20
17
MW-12
14621464146614681470147214741476
4/1/20
12
10/18/
2012
5/6/20
13
11/22/
2013
6/10/2
014
12/27/
2014
7/15/2
015
1/31/2
016
8/18/2
016
3/6/20
17
MW-9
146014621464146614681470147214741476
4/1/20
12
10/18/
2012
5/6/20
13
11/22/
2013
6/10/2
014
12/27/
2014
7/15/2
015
1/31/2
016
8/18/2
016
3/6/20
17
MW-3 Nitrate Trends
July 2017
Groundwater elevations reported in feet above mean sea level
Sources: Terracon, dates as shown, edited by ppB EnviroSolutions
RWCC
RWRW
Mid-Kansas Cooperative
Background Evaluation Report
Figure 5
July 2017
DESIGNED BY:
DRAWN BY:
CHECKED BY:
APPROVED BY:
DATE:
Burns Facility
Variations in Groundwater FlowOver Time
APRIL 2014 APRIL 2015 APRIL 2016
OCTOBER 2013 OCTOBER 2015 OCTOBER 2016
0 100 20050
FeetDowngradient WellOnsite WellUpgradient WellCross-gradient WellMKC Facility Boundary
DESIGNED BY:
DRAWN BY:
CHECKED BY:
APPROVED BY:
DATE:
RW Well Classification for Statistical AnalysesCCRWRW Mid-Kansas Cooperative
Burns Facility
Background EvaluationReportFigure 6
July 2017
0 100 20050
Feet
Monitoring Well
DESIGNED BY:
DRAWN BY:
CHECKED BY:
APPROVED BY:
DATE:
RW Nitrate Concentrations in GroundwaterOctober 2016CC
RWRW Mid-Kansas Cooperative
Burns Facility
Background EvaluationReportFigure 7
July 2017
Nitrate concentration reported in milligrams per literNS - Not Sampled
APPENDICES
AppendixA
WindshieldSurveyPhotoLog
AppendixA-PhotographicDocumentationMid-KansasCooperative–BurnsFacility
Photo1:LookingnorthtowardsMain&Winfield;primarilyresidential.
Photo 2: Ag fieldssoutheast of MKCfacility lookingsoutheast.
(potentialnon-pointcontribution)
AppendixA-PhotographicDocumentationMid-KansasCooperative–BurnsFacility
Photo3:AgfieldssouthofMKCfacility,lookingsouth.
(potentialnon-pointcontribution)
Photo4:AgfieldsSEofMKCfacility.
(potentialnon-pointcontribution)
AppendixA-PhotographicDocumentationMid-KansasCooperative–BurnsFacility
Photo5:FeedlotwithwellMW-8inforeground,lookingeast.
(potentialpointsourcecontribution)
Photo6:EastsideofMKCfacilitylookingsouthatfeedlottotheeast/upgradient
(potentialpointsourcecontribution)
AppendixA-PhotographicDocumentationMid-KansasCooperative–BurnsFacility
Photo7:AgfieldeastofBurnsandMKCfacility
(potentialnon-pointcontribution)
Photo8:Glen's Feed StorefacilitywestofMKCfacility,lookingnortheast.
(potentialpointsourcecontribution)
AppendixB
StatisticalAnalyses
B.1 GeneralStatisticsB.2 OutlierAnalysesB.3 GoodnessofFitAnalysesB.4 TrendAnalysesB.5 BackgroundThresholdValueAnalysesB.6 InterwellAnalyses
AppendixB.1
GeneralStatistics
32.92 33.46
Nitrate Concentration (mw-9) 6 3 15.3 16.8 18.1 22.65 23.68 23.8 26.15 27.33 28.27
17.7 18.2 30.4 31 32.24Nitrate Concentration (mw-8) 9 0 17.12 17.58
32.78 33.04
Nitrate Concentration (mw-7) 9 0 16.66 20.58 20.9 22.3 23.8 24.08 24.68 25.04 25.33
26.7 29.2 32.2 32.24 32.46Nitrate Concentration (mw-6) 9 0 26.06 26.66
60.93 63.23
Nitrate Concentration (mw-5) 9 0 10.14 10.68 11 12.5 12.8 13.2 16.18 20.94 24.75
44.2 47.45 51.75 52.3 58.05Nitrate Concentration (mw-4) 6 3 43.6 44
42.36 43.67
Nitrate Concentration (mw-3) 9 0 33.34 33.84 34 34.3 36.5 36.94 38 38.8 39.44
18.4 24.6 26.6 31.92 40.72Nitrate Concentration (mw-2) 9 0 15.44 17.4
17.96 20.71
Nitrate Concentration (mw-12) 9 0 19.6 21.72 21.8 22.9 26 26.16 26.5 26.7 26.86
5.4 7.9 10.2 11.24 14.52Nitrate Concentration (mw-11) 9 0 3.816 5.12
4.8 4.96
Nitrate Concentration (mw-10) 9 0 14.12 15.14 15.5 16.4 17.3 17.5 18.78 20.74 22.31
3.3 3.6 4.16 4.296 4.6Nitrate Concentration (mw-1) 9 0 3.04 3.26
Percentiles for Uncensored Data Sets
Variable NumObs # Missing 10%ile 20%ile 25%ile(Q1)50%ile(Q2)75%ile(Q3) 80%ile 90%ile 95%ile 99%ile
0.689 0.309
Nitrate Concentration (mw-9) 6 3 13.8 28.5 21.37 20.78 5.274 2.153 5.189 -0.294 0.247
22.91 22.01 7.078 2.359 3.262Nitrate Concentration (mw-8) 9 0 16 33.6
-0.144 0.108
Nitrate Concentration (mw-7) 9 0 2.9 25.4 20.46 17.98 6.799 2.266 2.224 -2.643 0.332
29.01 28.86 3.124 1.041 3.855Nitrate Concentration (mw-6) 9 0 23.9 33.1
1.416 0.157
Nitrate Concentration (mw-5) 9 0 9.9 25.7 13.43 12.89 4.776 1.592 1.927 2.582 0.356
49.7 49.23 7.804 3.186 5.708Nitrate Concentration (mw-4) 6 3 43.2 63.8
0.888 0.405
Nitrate Concentration (mw-3) 9 0 32.3 39.6 35.31 35.25 2.269 0.756 2.076 0.766 0.0642
25.56 23.84 10.36 3.453 9.192Nitrate Concentration (mw-2) 9 0 13.6 44
0.996 0.671
Nitrate Concentration (mw-12) 9 0 11.6 26.9 22.57 22.02 4.581 1.527 1.927 -1.909 0.203
8.848 6.059 5.936 1.979 3.706Nitrate Concentration (mw-11) 9 0 0.28 21.4
0.00538 0.205
Nitrate Concentration (mw-10) 9 0 12.2 22.7 16.63 16.43 2.839 0.946 1.334 0.9 0.171
3.729 3.656 0.764 0.255 0.593Nitrate Concentration (mw-1) 9 0 2.4 5
From File: Burns MW Data for ProUCL.xls
General Statistics for Uncensored Data Sets
Variable NumObs # Missing Minimum Maximum Mean Geo-Mean SD SEM MAD/0.675 Skewness CV
From File Burns MW Data for ProUCL.xls
Full Precision OFF
General Statistics on Uncensored Full Data
Date/Time of Computation ProUCL 5.18/2/2017 10:26:14 AM
User Selected Options
AppendixB.2
OutlierAnalyses
Outlier Tests for Selected Uncensored Variables
User Selected Options
Date/Time of Computation ProUCL 5.18/2/2017 9:58:26 AM
Dixon's Outlier Test for Nitrate Concentration (mw-1)
Number of Observations = 9
10% critical value: 0.441
From File Burns MW Data for ProUCL.xls
Full Precision OFF
Test Statistic: 0.278
For 10% significance level, 5 is not an outlier.
For 5% significance level, 5 is not an outlier.
For 1% significance level, 5 is not an outlier.
5% critical value: 0.512
1% critical value: 0.635
1. Observation Value 5 is a Potential Outlier (Upper Tail)?
For 10% significance level, 2.4 is not an outlier.
For 5% significance level, 2.4 is not an outlier.
For 1% significance level, 2.4 is not an outlier.
2. Observation Value 2.4 is a Potential Outlier (Lower Tail)?
Test Statistic: 0.381
1% critical value: 0.635
1. Observation Value 22.7 is a Potential Outlier (Upper Tail)?
Test Statistic: 0.605
Dixon's Outlier Test for Nitrate Concentration (mw-10)
Number of Observations = 9
10% critical value: 0.441
5% critical value: 0.512
2. Observation Value 12.2 is a Potential Outlier (Lower Tail)?
Test Statistic: 0.429
For 10% significance level, 12.2 is not an outlier.
For 10% significance level, 22.7 is an outlier.
For 5% significance level, 22.7 is an outlier.
For 1% significance level, 22.7 is not an outlier.
Number of Observations = 9
10% critical value: 0.441
5% critical value: 0.512
1% critical value: 0.635
For 5% significance level, 12.2 is not an outlier.
For 1% significance level, 12.2 is not an outlier.
Dixon's Outlier Test for Nitrate Concentration (mw-11)
For 10% significance level, 21.4 is an outlier.
For 5% significance level, 21.4 is an outlier.
For 1% significance level, 21.4 is not an outlier.
2. Observation Value 0.28 is a Potential Outlier (Lower Tail)?
1. Observation Value 21.4 is a Potential Outlier (Upper Tail)?
Test Statistic: 0.515
For 1% significance level, 0.28 is not an outlier.
Test Statistic: 0.353
For 10% significance level, 0.28 is not an outlier.
For 5% significance level, 0.28 is not an outlier.
Dixon's Outlier Test for Nitrate Concentration (mw-12)
1. Observation Value 26.9 is a Potential Outlier (Upper Tail)?
Test Statistic: 0.094
For 10% significance level, 26.9 is not an outlier.
Number of Observations = 9
10% critical value: 0.441
5% critical value: 0.512
1% critical value: 0.635
Test Statistic: 0.676
For 10% significance level, 11.6 is an outlier.
For 5% significance level, 11.6 is an outlier.
For 1% significance level, 11.6 is an outlier.
For 5% significance level, 26.9 is not an outlier.
For 1% significance level, 26.9 is not an outlier.
2. Observation Value 11.6 is a Potential Outlier (Lower Tail)?
10% critical value: 0.441
5% critical value: 0.512
1% critical value: 0.635
1. Observation Value 44 is a Potential Outlier (Upper Tail)?
Dixon's Outlier Test for Nitrate Concentration (mw-2)
Number of Observations = 9
For 1% significance level, 44 is not an outlier.
2. Observation Value 13.6 is a Potential Outlier (Lower Tail)?
Test Statistic: 0.087
Test Statistic: 0.146
For 10% significance level, 44 is not an outlier.
For 5% significance level, 44 is not an outlier.
For 10% significance level, 13.6 is not an outlier.
For 5% significance level, 13.6 is not an outlier.
For 1% significance level, 13.6 is not an outlier.
Dixon's Outlier Test for Nitrate Concentration (mw-3)
Number of Observations = 9
10% critical value: 0.441
Test Statistic: 0.333
For 10% significance level, 39.6 is not an outlier.
For 5% significance level, 39.6 is not an outlier.
For 1% significance level, 39.6 is not an outlier.
5% critical value: 0.512
1% critical value: 0.635
1. Observation Value 39.6 is a Potential Outlier (Upper Tail)?
For 10% significance level, 32.3 is not an outlier.
For 5% significance level, 32.3 is not an outlier.
For 1% significance level, 32.3 is not an outlier.
2. Observation Value 32.3 is a Potential Outlier (Lower Tail)?
Test Statistic: 0.245
1% critical value: 0.698
1. Observation Value 63.8 is a Potential Outlier (Upper Tail)?
Test Statistic: 0.558
Dixon's Outlier Test for Nitrate Concentration (mw-4)
Number of Observations = 6
10% critical value: 0.482
5% critical value: 0.56
2. Observation Value 43.2 is a Potential Outlier (Lower Tail)?
Test Statistic: 0.039
For 10% significance level, 43.2 is not an outlier.
For 10% significance level, 63.8 is an outlier.
For 5% significance level, 63.8 is not an outlier.
For 1% significance level, 63.8 is not an outlier.
For 5% significance level, 43.2 is not an outlier.
For 1% significance level, 43.2 is not an outlier.
Number of Observations = 9
10% critical value: 0.441
5% critical value: 0.512
1% critical value: 0.635
Dixon's Outlier Test for Nitrate Concentration (mw-5)
For 10% significance level, 25.7 is an outlier.
For 5% significance level, 25.7 is an outlier.
For 1% significance level, 25.7 is an outlier.
2. Observation Value 9.9 is a Potential Outlier (Lower Tail)?
1. Observation Value 25.7 is a Potential Outlier (Upper Tail)?
Test Statistic: 0.768
For 1% significance level, 9.9 is not an outlier.
Dixon's Outlier Test for Nitrate Concentration (mw-6)
Test Statistic: 0.077
For 10% significance level, 9.9 is not an outlier.
For 5% significance level, 9.9 is not an outlier.
1. Observation Value 33.1 is a Potential Outlier (Upper Tail)?
Test Statistic: 0.123
For 10% significance level, 33.1 is not an outlier.
Number of Observations = 9
10% critical value: 0.441
5% critical value: 0.512
1% critical value: 0.635
Test Statistic: 0.321
For 10% significance level, 23.9 is not an outlier.
For 5% significance level, 23.9 is not an outlier.
For 1% significance level, 23.9 is not an outlier.
For 5% significance level, 33.1 is not an outlier.
For 1% significance level, 33.1 is not an outlier.
2. Observation Value 23.9 is a Potential Outlier (Lower Tail)?
10% critical value: 0.441
5% critical value: 0.512
1% critical value: 0.635
1. Observation Value 25.4 is a Potential Outlier (Upper Tail)?
Dixon's Outlier Test for Nitrate Concentration (mw-7)
Number of Observations = 9
For 1% significance level, 25.4 is not an outlier.
2. Observation Value 2.9 is a Potential Outlier (Lower Tail)?
Test Statistic: 0.796
Test Statistic: 0.170
For 10% significance level, 25.4 is not an outlier.
For 5% significance level, 25.4 is not an outlier.
Dixon's Outlier Test for Nitrate Concentration (mw-8)
Number of Observations = 9
10% critical value: 0.441
For 10% significance level, 2.9 is an outlier.
For 5% significance level, 2.9 is an outlier.
For 1% significance level, 2.9 is an outlier.
Test Statistic: 0.105
For 10% significance level, 33.6 is not an outlier.
For 5% significance level, 33.6 is not an outlier.
For 1% significance level, 33.6 is not an outlier.
5% critical value: 0.512
1% critical value: 0.635
1. Observation Value 33.6 is a Potential Outlier (Upper Tail)?
For 10% significance level, 16 is not an outlier.
For 5% significance level, 16 is not an outlier.
For 1% significance level, 16 is not an outlier.
2. Observation Value 16 is a Potential Outlier (Lower Tail)?
Test Statistic: 0.088
1% critical value: 0.698
1. Observation Value 28.5 is a Potential Outlier (Upper Tail)?
Test Statistic: 0.320
Dixon's Outlier Test for Nitrate Concentration (mw-9)
Number of Observations = 6
10% critical value: 0.482
5% critical value: 0.56
For 5% significance level, 13.8 is not an outlier.
For 1% significance level, 13.8 is not an outlier.
2. Observation Value 13.8 is a Potential Outlier (Lower Tail)?
Test Statistic: 0.204
For 10% significance level, 13.8 is not an outlier.
For 10% significance level, 28.5 is not an outlier.
For 5% significance level, 28.5 is not an outlier.
For 1% significance level, 28.5 is not an outlier.
AppendixB.3
GoodnessofFitAnalyses
Data not Lognormal at (0.0500000) Significance Level
Approximate Shapiro Wilk P Value 3.750E-13
Lilliefors Test Statistic 0.1482024
Lilliefors Critical (0.0500000) Value 0.0879893
Correlation Coefficient R 0.9216838
Approximate Shapiro Wilk Test Statistic 0.8674325
K-S Critical(0.0500000) Value 0.0899416
Data not Gamma Distributed at (0.0500000) Significance Level
Lognormal GOF Test Results
A-D Test Statistic 1.5841887
A-D Critical (0.0500000) Value 0.7630585
K-S Test Statistic 0.1120200
Gamma GOF Test Results
Correlation Coefficient R 0.9852555
Lilliefors Test Statistic 0.0706178
Lilliefors Critical (0.0500000) Value 0.0879893
Data appear Approximate Normal at (0.0500000) Significance Level
Correlation Coefficient R 0.9849631
Approximate Shapiro Wilk Test Statistic 0.9639992
Approximate Shapiro Wilk P Value 0.0456610
Standard Deviation of Log Transformed Data 0.8231069
Normal GOF Test Results
Kstar 2.2475555
Theta star 9.6509646
Mean of Log Transformed Data 2.8449900
Standard Deviation of Raw Data 12.248800
Khat 2.3089292
Theta hat 9.3944320
Minimum 0.2800000
Maximum 63.800000
Mean of Raw Data 21.691078
Number of Valid Observations 102.00000
Number of Missing Observations 6.0000000
Number of Distinct Observations 90.000000
Nitrate Concentration
Raw Statistics
From File Burns MW Data for ProUCL.xls
Full Precision ON
Confidence Coefficient 0.95
Goodness-of-Fit Test Statistics for Uncensored Full Data Sets without Non-Detects
User Selected Options
Date/Time of Computation ProUCL 5.18/2/2017 11:01:30 AM
Lilliefors Critical (0.0500000) Value 0.2018000
Data not Lognormal at (0.0500000) Significance Level
Shapiro Wilk Critical (0.0500000) Value 0.8970000
Approximate Shapiro Wilk P Value 4.3820E-5
Lilliefors Test Statistic 0.2195064
Correlation Coefficient R 0.8333578
Shapiro Wilk Test Statistic 0.7131784
K-S Critical(0.0500000) Value 0.2067295
Data not Gamma Distributed at (0.0500000) Significance Level
Lognormal GOF Test Results
A-D Test Statistic 0.9862845
A-D Critical (0.0500000) Value 0.7542589
K-S Test Statistic 0.2519639
Gamma GOF Test Results
Correlation Coefficient R 0.8710000
Lilliefors Test Statistic 0.2427397
Lilliefors Critical (0.0500000) Value 0.2018000
Data appear Approximate Normal at (0.0500000) Significance Level
Shapiro Wilk Test Statistic 0.8978962
Shapiro Wilk Critical (0.0500000) Value 0.8970000
Approximate Shapiro Wilk P Value 0.0651186
Normal GOF Test Results
Correlation Coefficient R 0.9565390
Theta star 10.359532
Mean of Log Transformed Data 2.4467230
Standard Deviation of Log Transformed Data 1.0924482
Khat 1.7750072
Theta hat 8.8491035
Kstar 1.5162097
Maximum 26.900000
Mean of Raw Data 15.707222
Standard Deviation of Raw Data 8.7337343
Number of Valid Observations 18.000000
Number of Distinct Observations 18.000000
Minimum 0.2800000
Nitrate Concentration (downgradient)
Raw Statistics
From File Burns MW Data for ProUCL.xls
Full Precision ON
Confidence Coefficient 0.95
Goodness-of-Fit Test Statistics for Uncensored Full Data Sets without Non-Detects
User Selected Options
Date/Time of Computation ProUCL 5.18/2/2017 11:03:37 AM
Data not Lognormal at (0.0500000) Significance Level
Approximate Shapiro Wilk P Value 3.0990E-9
Lilliefors Test Statistic 0.2547667
Lilliefors Critical (0.0500000) Value 0.1234883
Correlation Coefficient R 0.8970250
Approximate Shapiro Wilk Test Statistic 0.7917338
K-S Critical(0.0500000) Value 0.1258785
Data not Gamma Distributed at (0.0500000) Significance Level
Lognormal GOF Test Results
A-D Test Statistic 2.9449027
A-D Critical (0.0500000) Value 0.7633812
K-S Test Statistic 0.2062705
Data appear Approximate Normal at (0.0500000) Significance Level
Gamma GOF Test Results
Correlation Coefficient R 0.9426047
Approximate Shapiro Wilk P Value 0.0430980
Lilliefors Test Statistic 0.1209340
Lilliefors Critical (0.0500000) Value 0.1234883
Normal GOF Test Results
Correlation Coefficient R 0.9791582
Approximate Shapiro Wilk Test Statistic 0.9477827
Mean of Log Transformed Data 2.9787871
Standard Deviation of Log Transformed Data 0.9048828
Theta hat 13.346159
Kstar 1.8448877
Theta star 14.079820
Mean of Raw Data 25.975686
Standard Deviation of Raw Data 14.581519
Khat 1.9463042
Number of Distinct Observations 47.000000
Minimum 2.4000000
Maximum 63.800000
Raw Statistics
Number of Valid Observations 51.000000
Number of Missing Observations 3.0000000
Nitrate Concentration (onsite)
Lilliefors Critical (0.0500000) Value 0.2196000
Data appear Lognormal at (0.0500000) Significance Level
Shapiro Wilk Critical (0.0500000) Value 0.8810000
Approximate Shapiro Wilk P Value 0.4840161
Lilliefors Test Statistic 0.1951072
Correlation Coefficient R 0.9773862
Shapiro Wilk Test Statistic 0.9424677
K-S Critical(0.0500000) Value 0.2213765
Data appear Gamma Distributed at (0.0500000) Significance Level
Lognormal GOF Test Results
A-D Test Statistic 0.4625609
A-D Critical (0.0500000) Value 0.7362507
K-S Test Statistic 0.2083863
Data appear Normal at (0.0500000) Significance Level
Gamma GOF Test Results
Correlation Coefficient R 0.9745509
Approximate Shapiro Wilk P Value 0.2012965
Lilliefors Test Statistic 0.2101046
Lilliefors Critical (0.0500000) Value 0.2196000
Correlation Coefficient R 0.9635048
Shapiro Wilk Test Statistic 0.9152152
Shapiro Wilk Critical (0.0500000) Value 0.8810000
Standard Deviation of Log Transformed Data 0.2749107
Normal GOF Test Results
Kstar 11.383151
Theta star 1.9584501
Mean of Log Transformed Data 3.0685957
Standard Deviation of Raw Data 6.2591038
Khat 14.173383
Theta hat 1.5729013
Minimum 13.800000
Maximum 33.600000
Mean of Raw Data 22.293333
Number of Valid Observations 15.000000
Number of Missing Observations 3.0000000
Number of Distinct Observations 14.000000
Nitrate Concentration (upgradient)
Raw Statistics
Lilliefors Critical (0.0500000) Value 0.2018000
Data appear Lognormal at (0.0500000) Significance Level
Shapiro Wilk Critical (0.0500000) Value 0.8970000
Approximate Shapiro Wilk P Value 0.5421721
Lilliefors Test Statistic 0.1359916
Correlation Coefficient R 0.9791490
Shapiro Wilk Test Statistic 0.9564327
K-S Critical(0.0500000) Value 0.2033440
Data appear Gamma Distributed at (0.0500000) Significance Level
Lognormal GOF Test Results
A-D Test Statistic 0.3837907
A-D Critical (0.0500000) Value 0.7393485
K-S Test Statistic 0.1472514
Data appear Normal at (0.0500000) Significance Level
Gamma GOF Test Results
Correlation Coefficient R 0.9714398
Approximate Shapiro Wilk P Value 0.0503335
Lilliefors Test Statistic 0.1491270
Lilliefors Critical (0.0500000) Value 0.2018000
Correlation Coefficient R 0.9457004
Shapiro Wilk Test Statistic 0.8973551
Shapiro Wilk Critical (0.0500000) Value 0.8970000
Standard Deviation of Log Transformed Data 0.2566408
Normal GOF Test Results
Kstar 13.017570
Theta star 1.1548495
Mean of Log Transformed Data 2.6778273
Standard Deviation of Raw Data 4.1518245
Khat 15.576639
Theta hat 0.9651205
Minimum 9.9000000
Maximum 25.700000
Mean of Raw Data 15.033333
Raw Statistics
Number of Valid Observations 18.000000
Number of Distinct Observations 18.000000
Nitrate Concentration (x-gradient)
AppendixB.4
TrendAnalyses
Insufficient evidence to identify a significant
trend at the specified level of significance.
Standard Deviation of S 9.5393920
Standardized Value of S -1.467599
Approximate p-value 0.0711066
Mann-Kendall Test
M-K Test Value (S) -15.00000
Tabulated p-value 0.0900000
Standard Deviation 0.7635516
Coefficient of Variation 0.2047665
Mean 3.7288889
Geometric Mean 3.6564527
Median 3.6000000
Number Values Reported (n) 9
Minimum 2.4000000
Maximum 5.0000000
General Statistics
Number or Reported Events Not Used 0
Number of Generated Events 9
Level of Significance 0.0500000
Nitrate Concentration-mw-1
From File Burns MW Data for ProUCL.xls
Full Precision ON
Confidence Coefficient 0.9500000
Mann-Kendall Trend Test Analysis
User Selected Options
Date/Time of Computation ProUCL 5.18/2/2017 11:26:55 AM
Statistically significant evidence of a decreasing
trend at the specified level of significance.
Standard Deviation of S 9.5916630
Standardized Value of S -1.980887
Approximate p-value 0.0238020
Mann-Kendall Test
M-K Test Value (S) -20.00000
Tabulated p-value 0.0220000
Standard Deviation 5.9364589
Coefficient of Variation 0.6709548
Mean 8.8477778
Geometric Mean 6.0593553
Median 7.9000000
Number Values Reported (n) 9
Minimum 0.2800000
Maximum 21.400000
General Statistics
Number or Reported Events Not Used 0
Number of Generated Events 9
Insufficient evidence to identify a significant
trend at the specified level of significance.
Nitrate Concentration-mw-11
Standard Deviation of S 9.5916630
Standardized Value of S -1.355344
Approximate p-value 0.0876540
Mann-Kendall Test
M-K Test Value (S) -14.00000
Tabulated p-value 0.0900000
Standard Deviation 2.8385736
Coefficient of Variation 0.1706557
Mean 16.633333
Geometric Mean 16.427018
Median 16.400000
Number Values Reported (n) 9
Minimum 12.200000
Maximum 22.700000
General Statistics
Number or Reported Events Not Used 0
Number of Generated Events 9
Nitrate Concentration-mw-10
Insufficient evidence to identify a significant
trend at the specified level of significance.
Standard Deviation of S 9.5916630
Standardized Value of S -0.521286
Approximate p-value 0.3010838
Mann-Kendall Test
M-K Test Value (S) -6.000000
Tabulated p-value 0.3060000
Standard Deviation 10.358343
Coefficient of Variation 0.4053265
Mean 25.555556
Geometric Mean 23.843688
Median 24.600000
Number Values Reported (n) 9
Minimum 13.600000
Maximum 44.000000
General Statistics
Number or Reported Events Not Used 0
Number of Generated Events 9
Insufficient evidence to identify a significant
trend at the specified level of significance.
Nitrate Concentration-mw-2
Standard Deviation of S 9.5916630
Standardized Value of S -0.104257
Approximate p-value 0.4584826
Mann-Kendall Test
M-K Test Value (S) -2.000000
Tabulated p-value 0.4600000
Standard Deviation 4.5806659
Coefficient of Variation 0.2029837
Mean 22.566667
Geometric Mean 22.017610
Median 22.900000
Number Values Reported (n) 9
Minimum 11.600000
Maximum 26.900000
General Statistics
Number or Reported Events Not Used 0
Number of Generated Events 9
Nitrate Concentration-mw-12
Approximate p-value 0.2261852
Insufficient evidence to identify a significant
trend at the specified level of significance.
Tabulated p-value 0.2350000
Standard Deviation of S 5.3229065
Standardized Value of S 0.7514691
Coefficient of Variation 0.1570139
Mann-Kendall Test
M-K Test Value (S) 5.0000000
Geometric Mean 49.229915
Median 47.450000
Standard Deviation 7.8035889
Minimum 43.200000
Maximum 63.800000
Mean 49.700000
Number Values Reported (n) 9
Number Values Missing 3
Number Values Used 6
General Statistics
Number or Reported Events Not Used 0
Number of Generated Events 6
Insufficient evidence to identify a significant
trend at the specified level of significance.
Nitrate Concentration-mw-4
Standard Deviation of S 9.5916630
Standardized Value of S -1.563858
Approximate p-value 0.0589254
Mann-Kendall Test
M-K Test Value (S) -16.00000
Tabulated p-value 0.0600000
Standard Deviation 2.2685042
Coefficient of Variation 0.0642434
Mean 35.311111
Geometric Mean 35.247772
Median 34.300000
Number Values Reported (n) 9
Minimum 32.300000
Maximum 39.600000
General Statistics
Number or Reported Events Not Used 0
Number of Generated Events 9
Nitrate Concentration-mw-3
Insufficient evidence to identify a significant
trend at the specified level of significance.
Standard Deviation of S 9.5916630
Standardized Value of S -0.729800
Approximate p-value 0.2327561
Mann-Kendall Test
M-K Test Value (S) -8.000000
Tabulated p-value 0.2380000
Standard Deviation 3.1242777
Coefficient of Variation 0.1076925
Mean 29.011111
Geometric Mean 28.859262
Median 29.200000
Number Values Reported (n) 9
Minimum 23.900000
Maximum 33.100000
General Statistics
Number or Reported Events Not Used 0
Number of Generated Events 9
Insufficient evidence to identify a significant
trend at the specified level of significance.
Nitrate Concentration-mw-6
Standard Deviation of S 9.5916630
Standardized Value of S -0.729800
Approximate p-value 0.2327561
Mann-Kendall Test
M-K Test Value (S) -8.000000
Tabulated p-value 0.2380000
Median 12.500000
Standard Deviation 4.7762433
Coefficient of Variation 0.3555516
Maximum 25.700000
Mean 13.433333
Geometric Mean 12.893550
Number of Generated Events 9
Number Values Reported (n) 9
Minimum 9.9000000
Nitrate Concentration-mw-5
General Statistics
Number or Reported Events Not Used 0
Insufficient evidence to identify a significant
trend at the specified level of significance.
Standard Deviation of S 9.5393920
Standardized Value of S 1.2579418
Approximate p-value 0.1042064
Mann-Kendall Test
M-K Test Value (S) 13.000000
Tabulated p-value 0.1300000
Standard Deviation 7.0783904
Coefficient of Variation 0.3089501
Mean 22.911111
Geometric Mean 22.010807
Median 18.200000
Number Values Reported (n) 9
Minimum 16.000000
Maximum 33.600000
General Statistics
Number or Reported Events Not Used 0
Number of Generated Events 9
Insufficient evidence to identify a significant
trend at the specified level of significance.
Nitrate Concentration-mw-8
Standard Deviation of S 9.5916630
Standardized Value of S -1.563858
Approximate p-value 0.0589254
Mann-Kendall Test
M-K Test Value (S) -16.00000
Tabulated p-value 0.0600000
Standard Deviation 6.7991012
Coefficient of Variation 0.3323841
Mean 20.455556
Geometric Mean 17.980354
Median 22.300000
Number Values Reported (n) 9
Minimum 2.9000000
Maximum 25.400000
General Statistics
Number or Reported Events Not Used 0
Number of Generated Events 9
Nitrate Concentration-mw-7
Approximate p-value 0.5000000
Insufficient evidence to identify a significant
trend at the specified level of significance.
Tabulated p-value 0.5000000
Standard Deviation of S 5.3229065
Standardized Value of S 0
Coefficient of Variation 0.2468135
Mann-Kendall Test
M-K Test Value (S) 1.0000000
Geometric Mean 20.784112
Median 22.650000
Standard Deviation 5.2735820
Minimum 13.800000
Maximum 28.500000
Mean 21.366667
Number Values Reported (n) 9
Number Values Missing 3
Number Values Used 6
General Statistics
Number or Reported Events Not Used 0
Number of Generated Events 6
Nitrate Concentration-mw-9
AppendixB.5
BackgroundThresholdValueAnalyses
From File Burns MW Data for ProUCL.xls
Full Precision ON
Confidence Coefficient 95%
Normal Background Statistics for Uncensored Full Data Sets
User Selected Options
Date/Time of Computation ProUCL 5.18/2/2017 11:14:42 AM
Coverage 95%
New or Future K Observations 1
Total Number of Observations 15.000000 Number of Distinct Observations 14.000000
Number of Missing Observations 3.0000000
Nitrate Concentration (upgradient)
General Statistics
Maximum 33.600000 Third Quartile 26.150000
Mean 22.293333 SD 6.2591038
Minimum 13.800000 First Quartile 17.550000
Second Largest 31.900000 Median 22.000000
Critical Values for Background Threshold Values (BTVs)
Tolerance Factor K (For UTL) 2.5660000 d2max (for USL) 2.4090384
Coefficient of Variation 0.2807612 Skewness 0.5812949
Mean of logged Data 3.0685957 SD of logged Data 0.2749107
5% Shapiro Wilk Critical Value 0.8810000 Data appear Normal at 5% Significance Level
Lilliefors Test Statistic 0.2101046 Lilliefors GOF Test
Normal GOF Test
Shapiro Wilk Test Statistic 0.9152152 Shapiro Wilk GOF Test
Background Statistics Assuming Normal Distribution
95% UTL with 95% Coverage 38.354194 90% Percentile (z) 30.314698
5% Lilliefors Critical Value 0.2196000 Data appear Normal at 5% Significance Level
Data appear Normal at 5% Significance Level
Note: The use of USL tends to yield a conservative estimate of BTV, especially when the sample size starts exceeding 20.
Therefore, one may use USL to estimate a BTV only when the data set represents a background data set free of outliers
and consists of observations collected from clean unimpacted locations.
The use of USL tends to provide a balance between false positives and false negatives provided the data
95% UPL (t) 33.679102 95% Percentile (z) 32.588643
95% USL 37.371755 99% Percentile (z) 36.854186
represents a background data set and when many onsite observations need to be compared with the BTV.
AppendixB.6
InterwellAnalyses
Conclusion with Alpha = 0.05
Two variances appear to be equal
Numerator DF Denominator DF F-Test Value P-Value
17 14 1.947 0.214
Variance of Sample 2 76.278115
Test of Equality of Variances
Variance of Sample 1 39.176381
Pooled SD 7.715
Conclusion with Alpha = 0.050
Student t (Pooled) Test: Reject H0, Conclude Sample 1 > Sample 2
Welch-Satterthwaite Test: Reject H0, Conclude Sample 1 > Sample 2
Welch-Satterthwaite (Unequal Variance)30.4 2.517 1.697 0.009
Pooled (Equal Variance) 31 2.442 1.696 0.010
Method DF Value t (0.05) P-Value
Sample 1 vs Sample 2 Two-Sample t-Test
H0: Mean of Sample 1 - Mean of Sample 2 <= 0
t-Test Critical
SE of Mean 1.6160937 2.0585609
Median 22.000000 17.100000
SD 6.2591038 8.7337343
Maximum 33.600000 26.900000
Mean 22.293333 15.707222
Number of Distinct Observations 14.000000 18.000000
Minimum 13.800000 0.2800000
Number of Valid Observations 15.000000 18.000000
Number of Missing Observations 3.0000000 0
Raw Statistics
Sample 1 Sample 2
Sample 1 Data: Nitrate Concentration(upgradient)
Sample 2 Data: Nitrate Concentration(downgradient)
Substantial Difference (S) 0.000
Selected Null Hypothesis Sample 1 Mean <= Sample 2 Mean (Form 1)
Alternative Hypothesis Sample 1 Mean > the Sample 2 Mean
From File Burns MW Data for ProUCL.xls
Full Precision ON
Confidence Coefficient 95%
t-Test Sample 1 vs Sample 2 Comparison for Uncensored Full Data Sets without NDs
User Selected Options
Date/Time of Computation ProUCL 5.18/2/2017 4:43:48 PM
Conclusion with Alpha = 0.05
Two variances are not equal
Numerator DF Denominator DF F-Test Value P-Value
50 14 5.427 0.001
Variance of Sample 2 212.62071
Test of Equality of Variances
Variance of Sample 1 39.176381
Pooled SD 13.217
Conclusion with Alpha = 0.050
Student t (Pooled) Test: Do Not Reject H0, Conclude Sample 1 <= Sample 2
Welch-Satterthwaite Test: Do Not Reject H0, Conclude Sample 1 <= Sample 2
Welch-Satterthwaite (Unequal Variance)55.1 -1.414 1.673 0.919
Pooled (Equal Variance) 64 -0.949 1.669 0.827
Method DF Value t (0.05) P-Value
Sample 1 vs Sample 2 Two-Sample t-Test
H0: Mean of Sample 1 - Mean of Sample 2 <= 0
t-Test Critical
SE of Mean 1.6160937 2.0418211
Median 22.000000 26.600000
SD 6.2591038 14.581519
Maximum 33.600000 63.800000
Mean 22.293333 25.975686
Number of Distinct Observations 14.000000 47.000000
Minimum 13.800000 2.4000000
Number of Valid Observations 15.000000 51.000000
Number of Missing Observations 3.0000000 3.0000000
Raw Statistics
Sample 1 Sample 2
Sample 1 Data: Nitrate Concentration(upgradient)
Sample 2 Data: Nitrate Concentration(onsite)
Substantial Difference (S) 0.000
Selected Null Hypothesis Sample 1 Mean <= Sample 2 Mean (Form 1)
Alternative Hypothesis Sample 1 Mean > the Sample 2 Mean
From File Burns MW Data for ProUCL.xls
Full Precision ON
Confidence Coefficient 95%
t-Test Sample 1 vs Sample 2 Comparison for Uncensored Full Data Sets without NDs
User Selected Options
Date/Time of Computation ProUCL 5.18/2/2017 5:05:27 PM
Conclusion with Alpha = 0.05
Two variances appear to be equal
Numerator DF Denominator DF F-Test Value P-Value
14 17 2.273 0.110
Variance of Sample 2 17.237647
Test of Equality of Variances
Variance of Sample 1 39.176381
Pooled SD 5.210
Conclusion with Alpha = 0.050
Student t (Pooled) Test: Reject H0, Conclude Sample 1 > Sample 2
Welch-Satterthwaite Test: Reject H0, Conclude Sample 1 > Sample 2
Welch-Satterthwaite (Unequal Variance)23.5 3.843 1.711 0.000
Pooled (Equal Variance) 31 3.986 1.696 0.000
Method DF Value t (0.05) P-Value
Sample 1 vs Sample 2 Two-Sample t-Test
H0: Mean of Sample 1 - Mean of Sample 2 <= 0
t-Test Critical
SE of Mean 1.6160937 0.9785944
Median 22.000000 14.200000
SD 6.2591038 4.1518245
Maximum 33.600000 25.700000
Mean 22.293333 15.033333
Number of Distinct Observations 14.000000 18.000000
Minimum 13.800000 9.9000000
Number of Valid Observations 15.000000 18.000000
Number of Missing Observations 3.0000000 0
Raw Statistics
Sample 1 Sample 2
Sample 1 Data: Nitrate Concentration(upgradient)
Sample 2 Data: Nitrate Concentration(x-gradient)
Substantial Difference (S) 0.000
Selected Null Hypothesis Sample 1 Mean <= Sample 2 Mean (Form 1)
Alternative Hypothesis Sample 1 Mean > the Sample 2 Mean
From File Burns MW Data for ProUCL.xls
Full Precision ON
Confidence Coefficient 95%
t-Test Sample 1 vs Sample 2 Comparison for Uncensored Full Data Sets without NDs
User Selected Options
Date/Time of Computation ProUCL 5.18/2/2017 5:17:37 PM
Approximate P-Value 0.0265284
Conclusion with Alpha = 0.0500000
Reject H0, Conclude Sample 1 > Sample 2
SD(U) - Adj ties 27.658633
WMW U-Stat Critical Value (0.0500000) 181.00000
Standardized WMW U-Stat 1.9344582
Sample 1 Rank Sum W-Stat 309.00000
WMW U-Stat 189.00000
Mean (U) 135.00000
Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney (WMW) Test
H0: Mean/Median of Sample 1 <= Mean/Median of Sample 2
SD 6.2591038 8.7337343
SE of Mean 1.6160937 2.0585609
Mean 22.293333 15.707222
Median 22.000000 17.100000
Minimum 13.800000 0.2800000
Maximum 33.600000 26.900000
Number of Missing Observations 3.0000000 0
Number of Distinct Observations 14.000000 18.000000
Raw Statistics
Sample 1 Sample 2
Number of Valid Observations 15.000000 18.000000
Sample 1 Data: Nitrate Concentration(upgradient)
Sample 2 Data: Nitrate Concentration(downgradient)
Substantial Difference 0.000
Selected Null Hypothesis Sample 1 Mean/Median <= Sample 2 Mean/Median (Form 1)
Alternative Hypothesis Sample 1 Mean/Median > Sample 2 Mean/Median
From File Burns MW Data for ProUCL.xls
Full Precision ON
Confidence Coefficient 95%
Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney Sample 1 vs Sample 2 Comparison Test for Uncensor Full Data Sets without NDs
User Selected Options
Date/Time of Computation ProUCL 5.18/2/2017 5:18:56 PM
Conclusion with Alpha = 0.0500000
Do Not Reject H0, Conclude Sample 1 <= Sample 2
P-Value >= alpha (0.0500000)
SD(U) - Adj ties 65.350708
Approximate U-Stat Critical Value (0.0500000) 1.6448536
P-Value (Adjusted for Ties) 0.9351035
Sample 1 Rank Sum W-Stat 404.00000
Standardized WMW U-Stat -1.514919
Mean (U) 382.50000
Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney (WMW) Test
H0: Mean/Median of Sample 1 <= Mean/Median of Sample 2
SD 6.2591038 14.581519
SE of Mean 1.6160937 2.0418211
Mean 22.293333 25.975686
Median 22.000000 26.600000
Minimum 13.800000 2.4000000
Maximum 33.600000 63.800000
Number of Missing Observations 3.0000000 3.0000000
Number of Distinct Observations 14.000000 47.000000
Raw Statistics
Sample 1 Sample 2
Number of Valid Observations 15.000000 51.000000
Sample 1 Data: Nitrate Concentration(upgradient)
Sample 2 Data: Nitrate Concentration(onsite)
Substantial Difference 0.000
Selected Null Hypothesis Sample 1 Mean/Median <= Sample 2 Mean/Median (Form 1)
Alternative Hypothesis Sample 1 Mean/Median > Sample 2 Mean/Median
From File Burns MW Data for ProUCL.xls
Full Precision ON
Confidence Coefficient 95%
Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney Sample 1 vs Sample 2 Comparison Test for Uncensor Full Data Sets without NDs
User Selected Options
Date/Time of Computation ProUCL 5.18/2/2017 5:20:07 PM
Approximate P-Value 1.8390E-4
Conclusion with Alpha = 0.0500000
Reject H0, Conclude Sample 1 > Sample 2
SD(U) - Adj ties 27.654011
WMW U-Stat Critical Value (0.0500000) 181.00000
Standardized WMW U-Stat 3.5621681
Sample 1 Rank Sum W-Stat 354.00000
WMW U-Stat 234.00000
Mean (U) 135.00000
Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney (WMW) Test
H0: Mean/Median of Sample 1 <= Mean/Median of Sample 2
SD 6.2591038 4.1518245
SE of Mean 1.6160937 0.9785944
Mean 22.293333 15.033333
Median 22.000000 14.200000
Minimum 13.800000 9.9000000
Maximum 33.600000 25.700000
Number of Missing Observations 3.0000000 0
Number of Distinct Observations 14.000000 18.000000
Raw Statistics
Sample 1 Sample 2
Number of Valid Observations 15.000000 18.000000
Sample 1 Data: Nitrate Concentration(upgradient)
Sample 2 Data: Nitrate Concentration(x-gradient)
Substantial Difference 0.000
Selected Null Hypothesis Sample 1 Mean/Median <= Sample 2 Mean/Median (Form 1)
Alternative Hypothesis Sample 1 Mean/Median > Sample 2 Mean/Median
From File Burns MW Data for ProUCL.xls
Full Precision ON
Confidence Coefficient 95%
Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney Sample 1 vs Sample 2 Comparison Test for Uncensor Full Data Sets without NDs
User Selected Options
Date/Time of Computation ProUCL 5.18/2/2017 5:20:55 PM