BACKGROUND TO THE CIVIL WAR
Thursday, December 12, 2013
BACKGROUND TO THE CIVIL WAR
ELIZABETH - childless, succeeded by James VI, son of Mary Stuart,
king of Scotland
Thursday, December 12, 2013
BACKGROUND TO THE CIVIL WAR
ELIZABETH - childless, succeeded by James VI, son of Mary Stuart,
king of Scotland
- James VI became James I, first Stuart King of England
Thursday, December 12, 2013
BACKGROUND TO THE CIVIL WAR
ELIZABETH - childless, succeeded by James VI, son of Mary Stuart,
king of Scotland
- James VI became James I, first Stuart King of England
J.I - wanted to take power of taxation away from parliament and increase them to enrich the crown
Thursday, December 12, 2013
BACKGROUND TO THE CIVIL WAR
ELIZABETH - childless, succeeded by James VI, son of Mary Stuart,
king of Scotland
- James VI became James I, first Stuart King of England
J.I - wanted to take power of taxation away from parliament and increase them to enrich the crown
- succeeded by his son Charles I in 1625Thursday, December 12, 2013
The World Turned Upside Down
Thursday, December 12, 2013
England Turned Upside Down
- English nobles traditionally participated in and were consulted on Royal policy
Thursday, December 12, 2013
England Turned Upside Down
- English nobles traditionally participated in and were consulted on Royal policy
- England had an “unwritten constitution” - an evolution of laws and customs (“common law”) that dictated relations between crown, nobility, & people
Thursday, December 12, 2013
England Turned Upside Down
- English nobles traditionally participated in and were consulted on Royal policy
- England had an “unwritten constitution” - an evolution of laws and customs (“common law”) that dictated relations between crown, nobility, & people
- The Stuart philosophy of Royal Absolutism conflicted with English tradition - they sought to reduce the power of parliament and increase the power of the king
Thursday, December 12, 2013
Charles I (Stuart) vs. Parliament
Thursday, December 12, 2013
Charles I (Stuart) vs. Parliament
Thursday, December 12, 2013
Charles I (Stuart) vs. Parliament
- forced to sign the Petition of Right in 1628 - it forbade him from raising taxes w/out Parliament’s consent
Thursday, December 12, 2013
-C. I. disbanded Parliament from 1629-1640: used tricks to raise taxes: Collected “ship money” annually from coastal towns - the tax was only supposed to be levied in war emergencies
Charles I (Stuart) vs. Parliament
- forced to sign the Petition of Right in 1628 - it forbade him from raising taxes w/out Parliament’s consent
Thursday, December 12, 2013
-C. I. disbanded Parliament from 1629-1640: used tricks to raise taxes: Collected “ship money” annually from coastal towns - the tax was only supposed to be levied in war emergencies
- C.I. reconvened Parliament to raise taxes and an army to fight rebellious Presbyterian Scots who rose to protest the demand that they use the new Anglican prayer book
Charles I (Stuart) vs. Parliament
- forced to sign the Petition of Right in 1628 - it forbade him from raising taxes w/out Parliament’s consent
Thursday, December 12, 2013
-C. I. disbanded Parliament from 1629-1640: used tricks to raise taxes: Collected “ship money” annually from coastal towns - the tax was only supposed to be levied in war emergencies
- C.I. reconvened Parliament to raise taxes and an army to fight rebellious Presbyterian Scots who rose to protest the demand that they use the new Anglican prayer book
1642 - Parliament sided w/ Scots & waged war on Charles
Charles I (Stuart) vs. Parliament
- forced to sign the Petition of Right in 1628 - it forbade him from raising taxes w/out Parliament’s consent
Thursday, December 12, 2013
Cavaliers (Royalists) vs. The Roundheads (Puritans)
vs
Civil War & Challenge to Authority
Thursday, December 12, 2013
Divided Puritans:
Thursday, December 12, 2013
Divided Puritans:
- Presbyterians - wanted Calvinist church w/ central authority
Thursday, December 12, 2013
Divided Puritans:
- Presbyterians - wanted Calvinist church w/ central authority
- they dominated Parliament
Thursday, December 12, 2013
Divided Puritans:
- Presbyterians - wanted Calvinist church w/ central authority
- Independents - wanted free, autonomous congregations
- they dominated Parliament
Thursday, December 12, 2013
Divided Puritans:
- Presbyterians - wanted Calvinist church w/ central authority
- Independents - wanted free, autonomous congregations
- they dominated Parliament
- dominated the army
Thursday, December 12, 2013
Divided Puritans:
- Presbyterians - wanted Calvinist church w/ central authority
- Independents - wanted free, autonomous congregations
- They joined to support Oliver Cromwell, a member of Parliament and sympathizer of the Independents
- they dominated Parliament
- dominated the army
Thursday, December 12, 2013
Divided Puritans:
- Presbyterians - wanted Calvinist church w/ central authority
- Independents - wanted free, autonomous congregations
- They joined to support Oliver Cromwell, a member of Parliament and sympathizer of the Independents
- they dominated Parliament
- dominated the army
- Cromwell formed up The New Model Army and defeated Charles I, who surrendered & was taken prisoner
Thursday, December 12, 2013
Diggers on St. George’s Hill, 1649
- Numerous groups emerged to promote their agendas - Quakers, Baptists, Diggers, & Levellers
Thursday, December 12, 2013
Diggers on St. George’s Hill, 1649
- Numerous groups emerged to promote their agendas - Quakers, Baptists, Diggers, & Levellers
- Women found acceptance & influence in many of these
groups, especially the Quakers
Thursday, December 12, 2013
Diggers on St. George’s Hill, 1649
- Numerous groups emerged to promote their agendas - Quakers, Baptists, Diggers, & Levellers
- Women found acceptance & influence in many of these
groups, especially the Quakers
- Parliament & the political elite feared new sects - thought they would destabilize society
Thursday, December 12, 2013
- Cromwell crushed the Diggers and Levellers, groups that supported social equality, property and voting rights
Diggers on St. George’s Hill, 1649
- Numerous groups emerged to promote their agendas - Quakers, Baptists, Diggers, & Levellers
- Women found acceptance & influence in many of these
groups, especially the Quakers
- Parliament & the political elite feared new sects - thought they would destabilize society
Thursday, December 12, 2013
Oliver Cromwell
“Paint the mole and all.”
Thursday, December 12, 2013
THE PURITAN REVOLUTION
Thursday, December 12, 2013
THE PURITAN REVOLUTION
- OC’s army routed the Presbyterians from Parliament w/ whom the captured king was negotiating.
Thursday, December 12, 2013
THE PURITAN REVOLUTION
- OC’s army routed the Presbyterians from Parliament w/ whom the captured king was negotiating.
-The Rump - the 70 remaining members of Parliament were called “The Rump”
Thursday, December 12, 2013
THE PURITAN REVOLUTION
- OC’s army routed the Presbyterians from Parliament w/ whom the captured king was negotiating.
-The Rump - the 70 remaining members of Parliament were called “The Rump”
- The Rump voted to execute Charles I on 1/30/1649
Thursday, December 12, 2013
THE PURITAN REVOLUTION
-Parliament’s forces, led by Cromwell, defeated the King
- OC’s army routed the Presbyterians from Parliament w/ whom the captured king was negotiating.
-The Rump - the 70 remaining members of Parliament were called “The Rump”
- The Rump voted to execute Charles I on 1/30/1649
Thursday, December 12, 2013
Thursday, December 12, 2013
-OC & The Rump executed Charles in 1649
Thursday, December 12, 2013
Puritan Republic of Oliver Cromwell
- The Rump abolished the Monarchy & the House of Lords
Thursday, December 12, 2013
Puritan Republic of Oliver Cromwell
- The Rump abolished the Monarchy & the House of Lords
- Cromwell’s rule has been called the“Interregnum”
Thursday, December 12, 2013
Puritan Republic of Oliver Cromwell
- The Rump abolished the Monarchy & the House of Lords
- Cromwell’s rule has been called the“Interregnum”
- OC allowed no political dissent, repressed Catholic worship, banned Anglican use of the Book of Common Prayer
Thursday, December 12, 2013
Puritan Republic of Oliver Cromwell
- The Rump abolished the Monarchy & the House of Lords
- Cromwell’s rule has been called the“Interregnum”
- OC allowed no political dissent, repressed Catholic worship, banned Anglican use of the Book of Common Prayer
- Ruled much like the Absolutists- sought to extend state power
Thursday, December 12, 2013
Puritan Republic of Oliver Cromwell
- The Rump abolished the Monarchy & the House of Lords
- Cromwell’s rule has been called the“Interregnum”
- OC allowed no political dissent, repressed Catholic worship, banned Anglican use of the Book of Common Prayer
- Ruled much like the Absolutists- sought to extend state power
- Crushed Scotland & Ireland & the Dutch
Thursday, December 12, 2013
Puritan Republic of Oliver Cromwell
- The Rump abolished the Monarchy & the House of Lords
- Cromwell’s rule has been called the“Interregnum”
- OC allowed no political dissent, repressed Catholic worship, banned Anglican use of the Book of Common Prayer
- Ruled much like the Absolutists- sought to extend state power
- Crushed Scotland & Ireland & the Dutch
- Abolished the Rump & called himself “Lord Protector”
Thursday, December 12, 2013
Puritan Republic of Oliver Cromwell
- The Rump abolished the Monarchy & the House of Lords
- Cromwell’s rule has been called the“Interregnum”
- OC allowed no political dissent, repressed Catholic worship, banned Anglican use of the Book of Common Prayer
- Ruled much like the Absolutists- sought to extend state power
- Crushed Scotland & Ireland & the Dutch
- The Navigation Act - banned imports on Dutch ships- part of a wider struggle for commercial naval supremacy
- Abolished the Rump & called himself “Lord Protector”
Thursday, December 12, 2013
TRIUMPH OF PARLIAMENT
THE RESTORATION1660- 1688
Thursday, December 12, 2013
TRIUMPH OF PARLIAMENT
THE RESTORATION1660- 1688
-Stuart monarchy, Parliament, Church of England restored
Thursday, December 12, 2013
TRIUMPH OF PARLIAMENT
THE RESTORATION1660- 1688
-Stuart monarchy, Parliament, Church of England restored
-Dissenters (aka Puritans) targeted by reforms to promote Anglicanism
Thursday, December 12, 2013
TRIUMPH OF PARLIAMENT
THE RESTORATION1660- 1688
-Stuart monarchy, Parliament, Church of England restored
-Dissenters (aka Puritans) targeted by reforms to promote Anglicanism
Charles II
Thursday, December 12, 2013
TRIUMPH OF PARLIAMENT
THE RESTORATION1660- 1688
-Stuart monarchy, Parliament, Church of England restored
-Dissenters (aka Puritans) targeted by reforms to promote Anglicanism
Charles II
-Pro Catholic, religiously tolerant, ignored Dissenter laws
Thursday, December 12, 2013
TRIUMPH OF PARLIAMENT
THE RESTORATION1660- 1688
-Stuart monarchy, Parliament, Church of England restored
-Dissenters (aka Puritans) targeted by reforms to promote Anglicanism
Charles II
-Pro Catholic, religiously tolerant, ignored Dissenter laws
-Francophile - asked for aid from Louis XIV in war against Dutch
Thursday, December 12, 2013
Parliament’s Reaction to Charles II:
Thursday, December 12, 2013
Parliament’s Reaction to Charles II:
- Test Act - required all office-holders to be active members of the Anglican Church
Thursday, December 12, 2013
Parliament’s Reaction to Charles II:
- Test Act - required all office-holders to be active members of the Anglican Church
- Whigs - (aka “Exclusionists”) - opposed to Catholicism & James II’s succession
Thursday, December 12, 2013
Parliament’s Reaction to Charles II:
- Test Act - required all office-holders to be active members of the Anglican Church
- Whigs - (aka “Exclusionists”) - opposed to Catholicism & James II’s succession
- Tories - King’s supporters, OK w/ James II’s succession despite his open conversion to Catholicism
Thursday, December 12, 2013
Revolution of 1688 (Glorious Revolution)
Thursday, December 12, 2013
Revolution of 1688 (Glorious Revolution)
- James II succeeded his bro. Charles II, had converted to Cath.
Thursday, December 12, 2013
Revolution of 1688 (Glorious Revolution)
- James II succeeded his bro. Charles II, had converted to Cath.
-Whigs & Tories joined in opposition to JII when his Cath-born son jumped in front of his Prot. daughters in line of succession
Thursday, December 12, 2013
Revolution of 1688 (Glorious Revolution)
- James II succeeded his bro. Charles II, had converted to Cath.
-Whigs & Tories joined in opposition to JII when his Cath-born son jumped in front of his Prot. daughters in line of succession
- P. leaders offer throne to J.’s protestant daughter Mary, wife of William III of Orange
Thursday, December 12, 2013
Revolution of 1688 (Glorious Revolution)
- James II succeeded his bro. Charles II, had converted to Cath.
-Whigs & Tories joined in opposition to JII when his Cath-born son jumped in front of his Prot. daughters in line of succession
- P. leaders offer throne to J.’s protestant daughter Mary, wife of William III of Orange
- JII fled, defeated in Ireland at Battle of Boyne (1690)
Thursday, December 12, 2013
Bill of Rights of 1689:
Toleration Act of 1689:
Thursday, December 12, 2013
Bill of Rights of 1689:
- W&M agreed not to levy taxes or raise a standing army w/out Parliament’s consent
Toleration Act of 1689:
Thursday, December 12, 2013
Bill of Rights of 1689:
- W&M agreed not to levy taxes or raise a standing army w/out Parliament’s consent
- Agreed to call regular sessions of Parliament & abide by & not revoke duly passed laws
Toleration Act of 1689:
Thursday, December 12, 2013
Bill of Rights of 1689:
- W&M agreed not to levy taxes or raise a standing army w/out Parliament’s consent
- Agreed to call regular sessions of Parliament & abide by & not revoke duly passed laws
- Served as a written legal basis for the independence of Parliament as a separate body that shared power w/ the rulers
Toleration Act of 1689:
Thursday, December 12, 2013
Bill of Rights of 1689:
- W&M agreed not to levy taxes or raise a standing army w/out Parliament’s consent
- Agreed to call regular sessions of Parliament & abide by & not revoke duly passed laws
- Served as a written legal basis for the independence of Parliament as a separate body that shared power w/ the rulers
Toleration Act of 1689:- granted all Protestants freedom of worship
Thursday, December 12, 2013
Bill of Rights of 1689:
- W&M agreed not to levy taxes or raise a standing army w/out Parliament’s consent
- Agreed to call regular sessions of Parliament & abide by & not revoke duly passed laws
- Served as a written legal basis for the independence of Parliament as a separate body that shared power w/ the rulers
Toleration Act of 1689:- granted all Protestants freedom of worship- Only Anglicans admitted to universities
Thursday, December 12, 2013
Bill of Rights of 1689:
- W&M agreed not to levy taxes or raise a standing army w/out Parliament’s consent
- Agreed to call regular sessions of Parliament & abide by & not revoke duly passed laws
- Served as a written legal basis for the independence of Parliament as a separate body that shared power w/ the rulers
Toleration Act of 1689:- granted all Protestants freedom of worship- Only Anglicans admitted to universities
- Catholics could only worship in private
Thursday, December 12, 2013
“DURING THE TIME MEN LIVE WITHOUT A
COMMON POWER TO KEEP THEM IN AWE,
THEY ARE IN A CONDITION CALLED
WAR... AND THE LIFE OF MAN, SOLITARY, POOR,
NASTY, BRUTISH, AND SHORT...”
- THOMAS HOBBES, LEVIATHAN
Thursday, December 12, 2013
HOBBES - (1588 -1679):
Thursday, December 12, 2013
HOBBES - (1588 -1679):
- a materialist, secular atheist
Thursday, December 12, 2013
HOBBES - (1588 -1679):
- a materialist, secular atheist
- low opinion of human nature
Thursday, December 12, 2013
HOBBES - (1588 -1679):
- a materialist, secular atheist
- low opinion of human nature
- viewed absolutism as a “contract” between ruler and subjects - necessary for social order
Thursday, December 12, 2013
HOBBES - (1588 -1679):
- a materialist, secular atheist
- low opinion of human nature
- viewed absolutism as a “contract” between ruler and subjects - necessary for social order
Thursday, December 12, 2013
HOBBES - (1588 -1679):
- a materialist, secular atheist
- low opinion of human nature
- viewed absolutism as a “contract” between ruler and subjects - necessary for social order
- Justified absolutism based on science - that man’s nature demands it- rather than religion (divine right monarchy)
Thursday, December 12, 2013
John Locke - (1632-1704):
Thursday, December 12, 2013
John Locke - (1632-1704):
- supported Parliament in English civil wars
Thursday, December 12, 2013
John Locke - (1632-1704):
- supported Parliament in English civil wars
- agreed w/ Hobbes that gov’t was a “ social contract”
Thursday, December 12, 2013
John Locke - (1632-1704):
- supported Parliament in English civil wars
- agreed w/ Hobbes that gov’t was a “ social contract”
- believed people were rational, reasonable
Thursday, December 12, 2013
John Locke - (1632-1704):
- supported Parliament in English civil wars
- agreed w/ Hobbes that gov’t was a “ social contract”
- believed people were rational, reasonable
- natural rights - right to life, liberty, property
Thursday, December 12, 2013
John Locke - (1632-1704):
- supported Parliament in English civil wars
- agreed w/ Hobbes that gov’t was a “ social contract”
- believed people were rational, reasonable
- natural rights - right to life, liberty, property
- a ruler who did not protect natural rights could be justifiably
resisted
Thursday, December 12, 2013
Tabula Rasa - a “blank slate” - Locke believed that everything you know comes from sensory
experience - not from anything inherent in human nature
Thursday, December 12, 2013
Tabula Rasa - a “blank slate” - Locke believed that everything you know comes from sensory
experience - not from anything inherent in human nature
- Locke believed that all humans are “tabula rasa” and therefore equal. We all become what experience
makes us become - we are products of our experience
Thursday, December 12, 2013
Tabula Rasa - a “blank slate” - Locke believed that everything you know comes from sensory
experience - not from anything inherent in human nature
- Locke believed that all humans are “tabula rasa” and therefore equal. We all become what experience
makes us become - we are products of our experience
What do you think?
Thursday, December 12, 2013