Introduction
Medical words are used daily media doctors, nurses working life
Examples arthritis hepatitis anemia
Useful to learn medical terminology
Objectives
Enable you to understand the common medical terms
Allow you to explore and learn the vocabulary of the medical field
Equip you with knowledge useful for daily work in the health care setting
Lecture Schedule
Lecture 1 Introduction Word Structure and Analysis Suffixes
Lecture 2 Prefixes Enlarging your medical vocabulary
Introduction
Most medical terms come from Greek language
diagnosis, surgery Latin languages
anatomical names
Many sound mysterious but can be easily worked out
Word Structure
All words have a word rooteg: trans/port
ex/port Compound words
words with 2 or more rootseg: grand-father
fire-fighter
Word Structure
Vowel often added to a root word allows formation of a compound word makes pronunciation easier
Combining form word root + vowel eg: therm/o/meter
micr/o/scope
Word Structure
Suffix attached to root eg: practition-er
Medical terms like jigsaw puzzle divided into several parts
Example HEMATOLOGY
HEMAT / O / LOGY
Word Analysis 1st step
look at end of the word suffix
2nd step look at beginning root word
gives meaning of term
3rd step combining vowel usually consists of vowel “o” Combining
vowel
Root
(“blood”)
Suffix
(“study of”)
HEMAT/O/LOGY
Word Analysis
HEMAT / O / LOGY
the study of blood
Root Combining vowel
Suffix
(“blood”) (“study of”)
suffix “gram” - a record
1st root “electr” - electricity
2nd root “cardi” - heart
combining vowel “o” -connects roots with suffix
Root SuffixRoot
Electr/o/cardi/o/gram
Word Analysis
Electrocardiogram record of the electricity in the heart
combining form combining vowel + root eg: cardi/o
heart eg: electr/o
electricity
Gastr/o/enter/o/logy
Suffix logy
1st combining form gastr/o
2nd combining form enter/o
study of the stomach and intestines
Root SuffixRoot
Gastr/o/scope suffix scope
instrument to visually examine combining form gastr/o
stomach instrument to visually examine the stomach
Word Analysis
Gastr/ic suffix
adjective: pertaining to combining vowel is dropped when suffix begins
with a vowel root
stomach pertaining to stomach
Word Analysis
Cardi/ac suffix
adjective: pertaining to combining vowel dropped
root heart
pertaining to the heart
Word Analysis
Word Analysis
Enter/itis suffix
inflammation combing vowel dropped
root intestines
inflammation of the intestines
Suffixes
attached to the end of root words to further its meaning
2 groups those that describe diagnoses
describe condition of patient those that describe procedures
Diagnostic Suffixes
-ia a state or condition eg: bradycardia
pneumonia -osis
abnormal condition eg: neurosis
Diagnostic Suffixes
-iasis condition, formation of presence of stone (lith-) eg: nephrolithiasis
-genic origin, producing eg: neurogenic causes
pathogenic bacteria
Diagnostic Suffixes
-emia condition involving blood eg: anemia
septicemia, bacteremia -megaly
enlargement eg: acromegaly
hepatomegaly, cardiomegaly
Diagnostic Suffixes
-oma tumor, swelling eg: breast adenoma
-oid being like, resembling eg: uterine fibroid
-lysis break down, loosening eg: hemolysis
Procedural Suffixes
describe medical procedures looking into body parts types of surgical repair removal of body part
examples -ectomy -otomy -scopy
Procedural Suffixes
-ectomy excision of, removal of may or may not remove entire organ eg: tonsillectomy
hepatectomy -otomy
a surgical incision eg: craniotomy, laparotomy
Procedural Suffixes
-centesis surgical puncture with a needle eg: amniocentesis
thoracocentesis -scopy
insertion of an instrument to visualize eg: gastroscopy, cystoscopy
Procedural Suffixes -plasty
surgical correction, plastic repair
eg: hip arthroplasty -ostomy
operation to create opening (stoma)
eg: colostomy
Other Suffixes
do not fit into either category -logy
study of eg: biology
cardiology -form
shape eg: deformed
Other Suffixes
-gram, -graph a written record eg:
electrocardiogram polygraph machine
measures several parameters
Review
Root word gives essential meaning of term
Suffix word end
Combining vowel connects root to suffix /other roots
Combining form combination of root and combining vowel
2.The root in the medical term “tonsillitis” is
A. itis B. sill
C. tonsill
3. “Fasciotomy” is an example of a
A. simple word
B. compound word
C. combining word
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE
4.When you analyze a medical term, begin at the
A. beginning of the word
B. middle of the word
C. end of the word
5.Adding a vowel to a root results in a
A. prefix
B. combining form
C. complex word
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE
6.Which of the following can be used to divide words into their word parts?A. /B. =C. …
7.Which of the following combinations do not
need a combining vowel? A. dermat + itisB. micr + scopyC. dermat + logy
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE
8.Combining forms
A. are always used to end a medical term
B. are never connected to a suffix
C. are never used to end a medical term
9.The word gastroduodenoscopy has
A. 1 root
B. 2 roots
C. 3 roots
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE