2012
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ted
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ishe
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re, F
ores
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nd F
ishe
ries
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4
PR
ETO
RIA
00
01ag
ricul
ture
,fo
rest
ry &
fish
erie
sD
epar
tmen
t: Ag
ricul
ture
, For
estry
and
Fis
herie
sRE
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IC O
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UTH
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CA
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DP
P@
daff.
gov.
za
Baobab
Baobab
Har
vest
ing
met
hods
The
age
of t
rees
whe
n le
aves
can
be
harv
este
d fo
r pro
cess
-in
g in
to le
af
po
wd
er
is v
ari
ab
le a
nd
ma
inly
de
pe
nd
s e
s-se
ntia
lly o
n si
te c
ondi
tions
. T
rees
can
be
harv
este
d fr
om
an
y a
ge
. In
ge
ne
ral,
lea
f u
tilis
atio
n c
ou
ld s
tart
be
fore
th
e si
xth
ye
ar
wh
en
site
co
nd
itio
ns
are
fa
vou
rab
le.
Wo
me
n tr
aditi
onal
ly s
tart
har
vest
ing
whe
n le
aves
beg
in to
dev
elop
a
nd
th
e p
eri
od
va
rie
s a
cco
rdin
g t
o a
gro
eco
log
ica
l zo
ne
s (A
pril
to M
ay).
Mas
s le
af h
arve
stin
g is
don
e in
Sep
tem
ber
and
Oct
ober
. T
he b
ark
is a
lso
harv
este
d at
the
sam
e tim
e as
the
leav
es. T
he fr
uit i
s ha
rves
ted
whe
n th
e sh
ell i
s br
own,
be
twee
n D
ecem
ber
and
Apr
il. T
he to
ols
used
in h
arve
stin
g th
e l
ea
ves
are
th
e s
ickl
e a
nd
do
lé.
Ha
rve
stin
g b
y h
an
d pi
ckin
g is
don
e le
ss fr
eque
ntly
sin
ce it
is d
iffic
ult t
o cl
imb
a ba
obab
tree
.
Use
sB
aoba
b pr
ovid
es f
ood,
em
erge
ncy
wat
er a
nd f
ibre
. It
has
a
lso
me
dic
ina
l u
ses.
Fib
re f
rom
th
e s
trin
gy
inn
er
ba
rk
prov
ides
item
s (o
r is
use
d fo
r ite
ms)
suc
h as
rop
e, t
hrea
d,
bask
et, n
ets,
sna
res,
fish
ing
lines
, str
ings
for
mus
ical
inst
ru-
men
ts, a
nd a
pap
er s
tock
toug
h en
ough
for
bank
note
s. T
he
fibre
is e
ven
used
for
wea
ving
. Som
e is
wov
en in
to fa
bric
s th
at a
re v
alue
d fo
r m
akin
g th
e ba
gs u
sed
for
carr
ying
and
st
ori
ng
eve
ryd
ay
go
od
s. B
ao
ba
b t
ree
s su
pp
ly f
oo
d a
nd
trad
ition
al m
edic
ines
for
bot
h hu
man
s an
d th
eir
lives
tock
. A
ref
resh
ing
drin
k, p
repa
red
from
the
pale
yel
low
or
whi
tish
frui
t pu
lp c
alle
d cr
eam
of
tart
ar,
has
been
use
d to
tre
at f
e-ve
rs, d
iarr
hea
and
appa
rent
ly a
lso
haem
opty
sis.
The
leav
es
are
use
d a
ga
inst
fe
ver,
to
re
du
ce p
ers
pir
atio
n a
nd
as
an
astr
inge
nt. T
hey
also
com
e in
har
dy in
trea
ting
othe
r af
flic-
tions
: as
thm
a, k
idne
y an
d bl
adde
r di
seas
es,
inse
ct b
ites,
fe
vers
, mal
aria
and
sor
es.
In t
he L
impo
po P
rovi
nce
the
pow
dere
d se
eds
are
give
n to
ch
ildre
n as
a h
iccu
p re
med
y. U
nder
sur
viva
l str
ess
man
can
us
e m
any
part
s of
the
baob
ab a
s fo
od o
r ob
tain
wat
er fr
om
its r
oots
, bra
nche
s or
leav
es. A
cru
de, c
offe
e-lik
e be
vera
ge
can
be p
repa
red
by b
akin
g th
e ba
obab
see
ds. M
any
peop
le
fin
d s
he
lte
r fr
om
th
e b
liste
rin
g s
un
in
th
e a
mp
le s
ha
de
prov
ided
by
its s
turd
y tr
unk.
You
ng le
aves
whe
n m
ixed
with
pe
pper
and
sal
t an
d ad
ded
to a
ste
w g
ive
it a
good
tas
te.
You
ng,
fres
h le
aves
are
cut
into
pie
ces
and
cook
ed in
to a
sa
uce.
Som
etim
es th
e le
aves
are
drie
d an
d po
wde
red
and
used
for
cook
ing.
Ack
now
ledg
emen
tM
em
be
rs o
f A
gri
-Afr
ica
/Ka
rwil
Co
nsu
ltan
cy a
re h
ere
with
ac
know
ledg
ed fo
r th
e in
form
atio
n pr
ovid
ed.
Ref
eren
ces
Va
n W
yk,
B-E
., V
an
Ou
dts
ho
orn
& G
eri
cke
, N
. 1
99
7.
Me
dic
ina
l pl
ants
of S
outh
Afr
ica,
Pre
toria
: Briz
a P
ublic
atio
ns.
Ha
rdy,
D.S
. 1
98
4.
Mu
vhu
yu—
the
ba
ob
ab
; O
rbe
a v
err
uco
sa v
ar
fuco
sa. A
loe,
21:
43–
45. T
he N
atio
nal L
ibra
ry o
f Sou
th A
fric
a.
http
://w
ww
.bao
babf
ruitc
o.co
m
http
://w
ww
.icuc
-iwm
i.org
/file
s/P
ublic
atio
ns/B
aoba
b_m
anua
l.pdf
Bac
kgro
und
Bao
bab
is a
dec
iduo
us t
ropi
cal f
ruit
tree
ran
ging
in h
eigh
t fr
om 5
to 2
5 m
and
is d
istr
ibut
ed in
bel
ts in
low
-lyin
g ar
eas
acro
ss A
fric
a, M
adag
asca
r, In
dia,
Sri
Lank
a an
d A
ustr
alia
. It
be
lon
gs
to t
he
fa
mily
ca
lled
Bo
mb
aca
cea
e.
It is
a v
ery
lo
ng-li
ved,
fast
-gro
win
g tr
ee a
nd h
as a
life
span
of h
undr
eds
to th
ousa
nds
of y
ears
. The
gro
wth
of t
he b
aoba
b is
mai
nly
ma
na
ge
d a
nd
pro
tect
ed
by
loca
l p
eo
ple
. B
ao
ba
bs
are
w
ide
spre
ad
th
rou
gh
ou
t th
e h
ot,
dri
er
reg
ion
s o
f tr
op
ica
l A
fric
a,
ext
en
din
g f
rom
Mo
zam
biq
ue
, th
e n
ort
he
rn p
rov-
ince
s of
Sou
th A
fric
a an
d N
amib
ia t
o E
thio
pia,
Sud
an a
nd
sout
hern
fri
nges
of
the
Sah
ara.
In
Sou
th A
fric
a th
e tr
ee is
fo
und
in th
e fr
ost-
free
are
as n
ear
Wat
erpo
ort i
n th
e W
este
rn
Sou
tpan
sber
g of
the
Lim
popo
Pro
vinc
e.
Clim
atic
and
soi
l req
uire
men
tsB
ao
ba
bs
occ
ur
in s
em
iari
d t
o s
ub
hu
mid
tro
pic
al z
on
es.
T
hey
grow
on
man
y di
ffere
nt s
oils
incl
udin
g sa
ndy
loam
but
de
velo
p be
st o
n ca
lcar
eous
sub
stra
tes
and
on d
eep,
slig
htly
m
ois
t si
tes.
Th
ey
thri
ve w
he
re t
he
ave
rag
e a
nn
ua
l te
m-
pera
ture
is 2
0 to
30
°C. G
erm
inat
ion
is a
chie
ved
only
whe
n so
il te
mp
era
ture
exc
ee
ds
28
°C
. B
ao
ba
bs
are
ext
rem
ely
su
scep
tible
to fr
ost t
hrou
ghou
t the
ir lif
e cy
cle.
Cul
tura
l pra
ctic
es
Soi
l pre
para
tion
La
nd
pre
pa
ratio
n is
do
ne
in t
he
su
mm
er
or
at
the
on
set
of t
he r
ainy
sea
son
to p
rese
rve
the
soil
stru
ctur
e. T
he s
oil
shou
ld b
e pl
ough
ed 3
to 4
wee
ks p
rior
to tr
ansp
lant
ing,
then
a
ga
in a
fte
r 1
5 d
ays
, a
nd
th
en
ag
ain
just
be
fore
pla
ntin
g th
e s
ee
dlin
gs.
Th
e s
oil
sho
uld
be
leve
led
an
d h
ave
go
od
drai
nage
.
Sci
entif
ic n
ame:
A
dans
onia
dig
itata
Com
mon
nam
es:
Ba
ob
ab
, M
on
key
bre
ad
, E
thio
pia
n s
ou
r g
ou
rd,
Cre
am
-of-
tart
ar
tre
e (E
nglis
h); K
rem
etar
tboo
m (A
frik
aans
);
Mu
vh
uy
u (
Ts
hiv
en
da
); S
him
uw
u (i
si T
son
ga
); I
sim
uh
u,
Um
shim
ulu
(i
siZ
ulu)
; M
owan
a (S
etsw
ana)
; M
oyo
(Nor
ther
n S
otho
).
Pla
ntin
g
See
dlin
gs a
re m
ainl
y ra
ised
and
tran
spla
nted
into
the
field
at
10
m x
10
m s
paci
ng.
The
hol
e si
ze is
60
cm x
60
cm x
6
0 c
m,
bu
t sm
alle
r m
ay
be
su
itab
le (
40
cm
3).
Th
e t
ree
s,
plan
ted
in a
row
, sh
ould
be
give
n w
eekl
y vo
lum
e of
wat
er
whi
ch v
ary
from
10 l f
or th
e fir
st tr
ee, 1
5 l f
or th
e se
cond
and
3
0 l
fo
r th
e t
hir
d.
Pla
ntin
g is
do
ne
wh
en
th
e r
ain
y se
aso
n ha
s st
arte
d. C
uttin
gs s
houl
d be
5 c
m to
10
cm in
leng
th a
nd
push
ed s
trai
ght i
nto
the
soil
to a
dep
th o
f abo
ut 2
.5 c
m. F
or
leaf
pro
duct
ion
only
, pla
ntin
g sh
ould
be
done
0,2
m x
0,5
m
and
for
leav
es a
nd fr
uit i
t sho
uld
be 4
m x
4 m
.
Pro
paga
tion
Bao
babs
can
be
prop
agat
ed fr
om s
eeds
as
wel
l as
vege
ta-
tivel
y. V
eget
ativ
e pr
opag
atio
n in
volv
es th
e gr
owth
of a
new
tr
ee fr
om a
sho
ot, b
ud o
r cu
tting
from
a g
ood-
qual
ity m
atur
e tr
ee. T
he tr
ees
have
trad
ition
ally
bee
n pr
opag
ated
by
tran
s-pl
antin
g na
tura
lly r
egen
erat
ed s
eedl
ings
.
Fer
tilis
atio
n
Org
anic
and
min
eral
fert
ilise
rs c
an b
e us
ed a
nd it
is r
ecom
-m
ende
d to
use
farm
yard
man
ure,
com
post
or
gree
n le
gum
e m
anur
es, e
spec
ially
at t
he ti
me
of p
lant
ing
for
inte
nsiv
e le
af
prod
uctio
n.
Irrig
atio
n
The
vol
ume
of w
ater
req
uire
d va
ries
with
the
size
of t
he tr
ee
and
is d
epen
dent
on
loca
l clim
ate.
In g
ener
al, d
urin
g es
tab-
lishm
ent,
abou
t 1 l
to 2
l of
wat
er s
houl
d be
app
lied
twic
e a
wee
k to
the
base
of e
ach
youn
g tr
ee. T
he s
mal
l tre
es c
an b
e irr
igat
ed r
egul
arly
to p
rodu
ce h
ighe
r re
turn
s fr
om in
tens
ive
lea
f p
rod
uct
ion
an
d b
ett
er
gro
wth
. M
atu
re b
ao
ba
b t
ree
s re
quire
no
irrig
atio
n.
Wee
d co
ntro
l
The
wee
ds s
houl
d be
rem
oved
from
aro
und
the
tree
dur
ing
the
early
sta
ges
of g
row
th.
Dis
ease
and
pes
t con
trol
Few
sm
all b
aoba
bs a
re e
ver
seen
now
aday
s be
caus
e th
ey
fall
vict
im t
o g
razi
ng
by
catt
le a
nd
go
ats
, g
rou
nd
fir
es,
or
pic
kin
g b
y o
verz
ea
lou
s in
div
idu
als
(fo
r so
up
lea
ves)
bu
t m
atur
e tr
ees
have
few
ene
mie
s. N
eith
er c
attle
nor
goa
ts d
o se
rious
har
m. N
ot e
ven
over
zeal
ous
pick
ers
can
seem
ingl
y se
t bac
k a
heal
thy
old
baob
ab. T
here
are
no
serio
us p
ests
an
d di
seas
es o
f ba
obab
. H
owev
er,
som
e fu
ngal
and
vir
al
dis
ea
ses
ha
ve b
ee
n r
eco
rde
d a
nd
se
vera
l in
sect
s a
tta
ck
the
wo
od
, fr
uit
an
d y
ou
ng
sh
oo
ts.
Th
e m
ost
inve
stig
ate
d co
mm
on p
ests
are
:
• co
tton
bollw
orm
s H
elio
this
arm
iger
a, D
ipar
opsi
s ca
s-ta
nea
and
Ear
ias
bipl
aga;
• co
tton-
stai
ners
(bu
gs)
such
as
Dys
derc
us f
asci
atus
, D
. in
term
eius
, D
. ni
grof
asci
atus
, D
. su
bers
titio
sus,
O
dont
opus
exs
angu
inis
, O. s
expu
ncta
tus;
• O
xyca
renu
s al
bipe
nnis
as
wel
l as
fl ea
beet
les,
Pod
ag-
rica
spp.
SY
MP
TO
MS
The
new
ly e
mer
ged
larv
ae f
eed
on t
he le
af a
nd f
olia
ge o
f th
e p
lan
ts.
Co
tto
n b
ollw
orm
s tu
nn
el i
nto
th
e f
ruits
of
the
baob
ab. T
hey
suck
the
sap
of th
e le
aves
and
you
ng fo
liage
. T
he im
mat
ure
frui
t dro
ps.
CO
NT
RO
L
Reg
iste
red
chem
ical
fert
ilise
rs a
re r
ecom
men
ded
for
use.
A
deco
ctio
n of
the
ker
nels
of
Aza
dira
chta
indi
ca (
neem
) ca
n be
use
d fo
r in
sect
con
trol
. Wee
ding
can
als
o be
use
d as
a
cont
rol m
easu
re.
The
bao
bab
is a
hos
t for
mem
bers
of t
he P
seud
ococ
coid
ae,
the
me
aly
bu
gs,
wh
ich
ca
n b
e v
ect
ors
fo
r vi
rus
dis
ea
ses
of c
ocoa
and
the
coc
oa c
apsi
d, D
ista
ntie
lla t
heob
rom
a. I
n th
e Li
mpo
po a
nd M
pum
alan
ga p
rovi
nces
of
Sou
th A
fric
a,
a ca
terp
illar
, Gon
imbr
asia
her
lina,
can
feed
on
the
leav
es.
SY
MP
TO
MS
Th
e c
ate
rpill
ar
suck
s th
e s
ap
of
the
lea
flets
, m
atu
re a
nd
ten
de
r sh
oo
ts,
lea
f p
etio
le b
ase
s a
nd
yo
un
g f
olia
ge
. T
he
imm
atur
e fr
uit d
rops
. Chl
orot
ic le
aves
and
def
olia
tion
can
be
obse
rved
. The
cat
erpi
llar
feed
s on
the
leav
es.
CO
NT
RO
L
The
affe
cted
par
ts s
houl
d be
rem
oved
. The
cat
erpi
llars
can
be
rem
oved
by
hand
and
cru
shed
.
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