Bell Work• Do you know where Greece is or the Greeks came from?
• If you do not then write no.
•What do you know about the Greek’s?
Greek Civilizatio
n
Greece’s Geography• Mountainous
• European coast of the Mediterranean Sea– 400 islands off of
Greece
• Greece has 2 main peninsulas(3 sides surrounded by water)–Attica– Peloponnesus
Greece’s Geography• Attica & Peloponnesus
–Attica- Small, triangle shaped• Harbors-Sheltered places along the coast
–Peloponnesus-South of Attica
–Mountains & sea divide the area• Greek cities were independent
Greece’s Geography
• Farming–Mountains & rocky soil• Hard to farm
–Grew crops that were grown well in harsh environment• Olives (Staple crop)–Food–Oil (Cooking and Fuel)
• Sheep & Goats• Food was scarce even w/farming-Rely on the sea
Greece’s Geography
• The Greek Economy–Ppl. lived w/in 40 mi. of the sea• Link to the world
–Fishers, Sailors, Shipbuilders, & Traders/Merchants
–Bought grain from other areas of the world• Ex. Spain & Egypt
Greece’s Geography
Bell Work
•How did Ancient Greece’s geography effect the society?
Trading Civilizations• The Minoans, Mycenaeans, & Phoenicians
created ancient Greek Culture
• The Minoans-From island of Crete–Expert traders–They became wealthy-Rulers palace had
1,000 rooms–2000 B.C.- controlled trade in Eastern
Mediterranean Sea–1450 B.C.- Tsunami washed over Crete• Tidal Wave• Mycenaeans Greeks took over Minoans
Trading Civilizations
• The Mycenaeans-From Central Asia–Came to Greece around 1900 B.C.–Took Greek mainland & set up small kingdoms•Set around a palace on a protected hill–Center of trade=peace–Protection in war
–Earthquakes & war weakened society•Conquered-1200 B.C. by Dorians (iron weapons, not bronze)
–1150 B.C.-Civilization collapsed
Trading Civilizations
• The Phoenicians- From Phoenicia–E. Mediterranean (now Lebanon)–Needed sea to survive–3000 B.C.-Mediterranean to trade•Created colonies along route• Trade goods= cloth, glass objects, & engraved metal•Sidon & Tyre created purple dye–Most valuable trade good in Mediterranean for 2,500 yrs.
Trading Civilizations
• A Phoenician Invention–Spread culture, ideas, & trade goods•Create better goods & ideas•Greatest invention-Phoenician alphabet –Basis for our alphabet (Letters B, L, & O used)–Ancient Greeks adapted it to create their language–Reading & writing were simpler–Write tales that had been passed down orally
Trading Civilizations
Greek Religion & Culture
• Practiced Polytheism–12 main gods & goddesses• Lived on Mt. Olympus
• Played role in daily life
• Controlled natural events–Earthquakes & storms
• Festivals held to honor gods & goddesses–Ex. Olympic games held to honor Zeus
Greek Religion & Culture• Philosophy
–Philosophers- Lover of wisdom• Studied history, math, political science, & science• Great thinkers & taught students
–Socrates discussed ways to live- mid-400 B.C.• Angered people in his town (Athens)• Questioning customs, laws and religion• Put on trial for urging people to revolt-sentenced to death• Plato–Student of Socrates wrote down ideas & became a
teacher–Had Aristotle the famous philosopher as a student
Greek Religion & Culture
• Greek Dramas & Epics–Plays included comedies & dramas• Comedy-Play that ends happily• Tragedy-Play where main character is defeated or dies
–Held in outside theaters
–Actors wear a mask• Frowning masks=tragic figures• Smiling mask=comedy figures
Greek Religion & Culture
• Greek Dramas & Epics–Enjoyed poems that show Greek history
–Homer was a famous Greek poet•Created 2 epics
•What are epics?–Iliad –About a war b/t the Greeks & the Trojans–Odyssey-About a hero named Odysseus a person in the Greek army who took 20 yrs. to get home after the Trojan War