Summary
What is Big Data?
Where is Big Data?
Why use Big Data?
How is it used (usable)?
Brussels 7th December 2017 [email protected] 2
Big Data defined
Big data is a buzzword and a "vague term",
but at the same time an "obsession"
Big data is an evolving term that describes any voluminous amount of structured, semistructured and unstructured data that has the potential to be mined for information.
Big Data = “extremely large data sets that may be analyzed computationally to reveal patterns, trends, and associations, especially relating to human behavior and interactions.”
“Big Data represents the Information assets characterized by such a High Volume, Velocity and Variety to require specific Technology and Analytical Methods for its transformation into Value“
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Big Data defined
From Wikipedia:
Big data usually includes data sets with sizes beyond the ability of commonly used software tools to capture, curate, manage, and process data within a tolerable elapsed time.
“size" is a constantly moving target, as of 2012 ranging from a few dozen terabytes to many petabytes of data. (1 PB = 1000000000000000B = 1015bytes = 1000 terabytes).
Gartner’s definition
"Big Data is high-volume, high-velocity and/or high-variety information assets that demand cost-effective, innovative forms of information processing that enable enhanced insight, decision making, and process automation.“
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Is Surveillance data “Big Data”?
Big Data – Where?
Existing open surveillance data sources (live data):
• https://www.flightradar24.com/
• https://flightaware.com/live/
• https://www.radarbox24.com/
• https://global.adsbexchange.com/VirtualRadar/desktop.html
• …
Is this data stored, kept for analysis?
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Big Data – Where?
Is this data stored, kept for analysis?
• https://opensky-network.org/
• https://www.adsbexchange.com/
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Big Data – Why?
Tracking is an area of interest for several domains: taxis, crime, …
There is recent progress in this area with new algorithms for Trajectory processing.
• Trajectory pre-processing
• Trajectory data mining – uncertainty, classification, anomaly detection, …
• Trajectory pattern mining
• Graphs, Matrixes and Tensors for trajectories
• …
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How can the Surveillance services products benefit from this research?
Big Data – Why use it?
What is the service provided by an ANSP?
Expedite and maintain a safe and orderly flow of traffic
How can this service be evaluated?
• Via the unwanted events , e.g. separation infringements
• Checking parts of the system against target values, e.g. Probability of detection.
• Other ways?
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Big Data – Why use it?
What are the outputs of the ANSP service?
• Instructions
• Position & Guidance information (from Navigation Aids)
• Publications
• …
Where can the results of an effective service be seen?
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Surveillance data – Used
ATM seminar – Lisbon June 2015
Topological characteristics of air traffic situation Hongyong Wang, Ruiying Wen, Yifei Zhao - Civil Aviation University of China http://www.atmseminar.org/seminarContent/seminar11/papers/358-WANG_0111150846-Final-Paper-7-5-15.pdf
Air traffic is complex and changeable!
How difficult/complex does a given air traffic situation look like?
• Air traffic situation can be mapped into a network structure, whose structural characteristics
are significant for describing the air traffic complexity in a sector.
• The results show that network node degree can distinguish the key aircraft in the sector; the network connection rate reflects the proximity of aircraft; the clustering coefficient identifies the presence of high-density aircraft group; the network structure entropy reflects the homogeneity of aircraft node degrees.
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How can traffic complexity be measured?
Surveillance data – Used
ASMT – Automatic Safety Monitoring Tool (From EUROCONTROL)
• Inputs: Surveillance data, Flight Plans, Alarms (STCA, APW, ACAS-RA)
• Output: Safety occurrences
• Proximity (STCA)
• Rate of closure (STCA)
• Airspace penetration (APW)
• Altitude deviation (CLAM)
Used for
• Safety monitoring
• Safety analysis (hot spots)
• Surveillance evaluation
• Tool evaluation (Safety nets)
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Surveillance data – Used
SASS-C – Surveillance Analysis Support System for ATC-Centre
• Inputs: Surveillance data, Surveillance infrastructure description
• Output: Sensor and tracker performance metrics
• Probability of detection
• Accuracy
• False targets
• …
Used for
• Sensor evaluation
• Tracker evaluation
• Event analysis
• Compliance demonstration (SPI-IR)
• …
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How can SASS-C profit from Big Data research?
Potential usage
It is in the air that the QoS of an ANSP can be measured.
What could be measured?
• Service performance – metrics to be researched
• Traffic complexity
• Impact of changes, e.g. improved service performance
• Impact of unexpected events, e.g. war breakout
• Surveillance infrastructure performance
Requirements:
• Efficient processing - innovative forms of information processing
• New analytical methods (to show the data and analysis results)
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Surveillance data is the basis for these measures.
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