Bio-energy in the Netherlands
Mathieu Dumont
Bioenergy in the Netherlands 5 june 2007 Gelsenkirchen 2
Contents
• Energy situation in the Netherlands• Dutch policies on renewable energy• Biogas developments• Sustainability criteria as a basis for stimulation renewable
energy in the future
Bioenergy in the Netherlands 5 june 2007 Gelsenkirchen 3
Energy situation in the NetherlandsNetherlands and Natural gas
primairy energy in NL (3100 PJ/a)
natural gas48%
oil36%
coal11%
nuclear1%
electricity import
2%rest2%
secondary energy in NL (3100 PJ/a)
electricity11%
transportation fuels15%
heat31%
losses32%
products11%
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Development: emission of green house gases
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Renewable Energy2,7% total energy use; 6,7% of electricity (2006)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
PJ
biogascombustioncofiringwaste heatpumpsolarwindhydro
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Distribution bio-energy plants (situation oct. 2006)
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Developments in renewable energy production (only electricity)
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• Old policy up to 2010: 9% production from used electricityand 10% of total energy use in 20205,75% Biofuel obligation
• New policy up to 202020% renewable energy30% emissie reduction of green house gases (reference 1990)2% energy saving yearly5,75% Biofuel obligation
Dutch objectives renewable energy
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Stimulation of renewable energy in the Netherlands cooperation government and market
Transition approach by discussion platforms: www.energietransitie.nlSustainable Mobility Platform
• Biobased Raw Materials Platform : main goal 30% replacement of fossil fuels by renewable sources in 2030
• New Gas Platform : working group: Green Gas• Platform for Chain Efficiency• Sustainable Electricity Supply Platform• Energy in the Built Environment Platform
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Green Gas: Ambition Green Gas group in energy transition
• Replacement natural gas in the gasgrid: 20% in 2030 and 50% in 2050;
2006 20502010 2040
0
50 %
Figuur 1: Transitietraject voor de geleidelijke vergroening van aardgas
starttraject (loopt): vergroening van aardgas via kleinschalige productie van biogas (vergisting van mest, gft etc), opwerking naar aardgas en injectie in het aardgasnet (distributienet of RTL)
vervolgtraject (>2015):vergroening met biogas wordt aangevuld met grootschalige productie van SNG (vergassing van biomassa) en injectie in het aardgasnet (HTL)
tijd
% vergroeningtoekomsttraject? (>2030): injectie (bijmenging) vanwaterstof in het aardgasnet (HTL)
20 %
20302020
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Biogas developments in the Netherlands
• 40 operational biogasplants at the end of 2006 (20 MWe, 7 MWe digestion of green household waste)About 60 plants in direct preparation (48MWe), total of 100 end of 2007
• Financial support for new initiatives stopped (18 aug. 2006)A new stimulation programme is in preparation with a wider focus onrenewable energy, inclusive renewable heat en green gas wtih gasgridinjection. Until 2006 focus was only based on renewable electricity
• New stimulation programm expected in april 2008.
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Present Biogas upgrading projects in the Netherlands; gasupgrading technology is available, experience from landfillgas en sewage sludge digestion
(160 m3/hr)1.280.000 m3/y
2006MembraneBeverwijk
201.1061993MembraneCollendoorn
3.927.5501985PSAWijster
3.082.7951985PSANuenen
2.784.4401985WaterwashTilburg
Production2003 m3
SinceMethodLocation
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Gasquality requirements for gasgrid injectionin Dutch gaslaw; since nov. 22th 2006
-voldoendeRuikbaarheid (geodoriseerd biogas)
ppm5Siloxanen
-Technisch vrijstof
->80Methaangetal
Vol%/nm312Waterstof
Mol%0,5 (3)Zuurstof in droge gasnetten
Mol%1Aromatische koolwaterstoffen
ppm500BTX (benzeen, tolueen, xyleen)
Mol%6Kooldioxice in droge gasnetten (CO2)
Mol%1Koolmonoxide (CO)
ppm10Waterstofcyanide (HCN)
ppm1Waterstofchlorice (HCL)
mg/nm325Fluorhoudende verbindingen
mg/nm350Chloorhoudende verbindingen
mg/nm33Ammoniak
mg/nm3>10, nom 18<40Odorantgehalte (THT)
mg/nm310Mercaptanen
mg/nm35Anorganisch gebonden zwavel (H2S)
mg/nm345Zwavel (totaal)
OC0-20Temperatuur in te voeden gas
OC-10(8 bar)Waterdauwpunt
MJ/nm343,46 – 44,41Wobbe-index
MJ/nm331,6 – 38,7Calorische bovenwaarde
eenheidGrenswaarde
Conform advies GastecKwaliteitscomponent
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Potential for biogas production in the Netherlands
• Anaerobic Digestion: maximum– Animal Manure: 80 Mton -> 1.1 G m3– Organic Wastes: -> 1.4 G m3– Total 2.5 G m3, 5% of all gas– Present production 0.1 G m3
– Assumption: 40 PJ in 2020
• Synthetic Natural Gas from syngas by gasification:- Assumption: 80 PJ in 2020
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Problems to solve
• Quality of upgraded biogas – natural gas compound• Gasgrid entry• Green gas certification• Balancing the gasgrid• Billing systems energy companies • Financial support (pilot projects)
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Integral green gas approach
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Sustainability criteria (1) points of departure
• Set of criteria is a universal framework:• Universal, generic framework of criteria, applicable to
all biomass and countries• No discrimination between biomass produced in the
Netherlands and imported biomass• Connection with international initiatives and WTO
regulations• Exception for residual flows with a negligible economic
value
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Sustainability criteria (2) points of departure
• Set of criteria is manageable, verifiable and enforceable:
• Certification of biomass is needed• Testing must be manageable. Only necessary
information will be asked for• Minimum requirements for 2007, including incentives
for higher future performances• Where testable indicators are lacking, a reporting
procedure is proposed
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Selection of Themes
• Greenhouse gas balance• Competition with food, local energy supply,
medicines and construction materials• Biodiversity• Environment• Economic prosperity• Well-being
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GREENHOUSE GAS BALANCE
• Greenhouse gas balance is positive
• Net emission reduction related to fossil fuels of at least 30% for biofuels and 50-70% for electricity production. Assuming differentiation of policy instruments aiming at better performances
• Assessment based on specific methodology
• Whole chain is taken into account (including application); performance depends on fossil reference
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Thanks for your attention
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