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28/03/2014 MODIFIED by Prof. Sismindari 2
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Peranan Biologi Molekuler dalam Farmasi.
Materi genetik : Genom, kromosom, DNA,RNA, protein.
Perbedaan genom prokariot dan mamalia,lokasi centromer, telomere, dan origin
replikasi, human genom project Dogma sentral ekspresi gen : replikasi,
transkripsi, translasi
Conto perkembangan dalam BiologiMolekular : kloning domba Doll! danterapi sel induk
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4
46
Human 2.9x109bp
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Molecular Biolog!"e #eld overlaps$it oter areas o% biolog!, particularl!
genetics and biochemistry
Molecular biolog! concerns itsel% $it understanding teinteractions bet$een te &arious s!stems o% a cell, including teinterrelationsip o% DNA, RNA and protein synthesis andlearning o$ tese interactions are regulated.
'
Function
GenesProteins
Biochemistry
Molecular Biology
Genetics
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Mengapa
mempelajari
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MANFAA" B()*)G( M)*+-*+R
8
GEOME
M!"#SI D#
P#D# GEOME$EP%ISI D#
"$#S&$IPSI
"$#S%#SI
1. SIF#" ' F!GSI
(E$!(#)
2. SIF#" ' F!GSI
"E"#P
"E$*#DI+# PE+#&I" PE$!(#)# $ESPO
O(#"
P$O"EI, $ESEP"O$
"#$GE" O(#" P$O"EI O(#"
"#$GE" "E$#PI
P-$
SE&!ESIG
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MANFAA" B()*)G( M)*+-*+R
$EG!%#SIP$O$IO"
$EG!%#SI
E!$IO"
$EG!%#SI
SI&%!S SE%
(#G#IM## SIG#% D#$I %!#$
DI"E$!S &E D%M SE% SIG#% DI DI"E$!S ME%#%!I
$ESEP"O$
(#G#IM## PEM(E%#)# SE%
O$M#% DI#"!$ #G#$ "D& "E$*#DI
&E$
$EG!%#SI
SE-OD
MESSEGE$
$ESPO (#&"E$I ")DP %IG&!G# MEMP$OD!&SI P$O" O(" D%M (#&"E$I
$ESPO )!M# ")DP %IG&!G# P$OSES ME"#(O%ISME
S##" "E$*#DI IFE&SI P#"OGE
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&E"E$I"# DEG# I%M! %#I
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PERBEDAAN PROARIO! & E"ARIO!
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Pro#ariotPro#ariot Eu#ariotEu#ariot
OrganismeOrganisme Ba#teria $an siano%a#teriaBa#teria $an siano%a#teria Fungi he'an manusiaFungi he'an manusia
"#uran sel"#uran sel ( ) (*( ) (*
mm + ) (**+ ) (**
mm
OrganelOrganel Be%era,a - ti$a# a$aBe%era,a - ti$a# a$a Inti mito#on$ria #loro,lastInti mito#on$ria #loro,last
GENOMGENOM Sir#uler $alam sito,lasmaSir#uler $alam sito,lasmaSatu mole#ul #romosomSatu mole#ul #romosom
.inier ,an/ang $i,a# ra,i $gn.inier ,an/ang $i,a# ra,i $gn,rotein histon $alam inti0,rotein histon $alam inti0Manusia mem,unyai 12Manusia mem,unyai 12cromosomcromosom
RNA $anRNA $an,rotein,rotein
Disintesis $alamDisintesis $alamsito,lasmasito,lasma
RNA 3 $alam inti Protein3 $alamRNA 3 $alam inti Protein3 $alamsito,lasmasito,lasma
OrganisasiOrganisasi "nisel"nisel MultiselMultisel
PERBEDAAN PROARIO! & E"ARIO!
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Splising
EarioProario
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http://../Desktop/ANIMATIONS/Mtranseuk.MOVhttp://../Desktop/ANIMATIONS/Mtranseuk.MOV7/25/2019 Biologi Molekluler s1 Farmasi Kapsel Sttif
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DNA, RNA, and te Flo$ o%
(n%ormation
1:
"ranslation"ranscription
Replication
!unctional
"roteinsPos ransaion
modifi6aion
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PEM(E%#)#
SE%
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1
FENO!IP
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28/03/2014 MODIFIED by Prof. Sismindari 20
ROMOSOM
4EN!ROMER
region $ari chromosom yang $i,erlu#an untu#,engi#atan mitotic spindlesaat ,roses mitosis
!E.OMER
5ragmen $i u/ung chromosom linier re,li#asi secara #husus
untu# mencegah ,er,en$e#an chromosom
ORIGIN REP.IASI
tem,at a'al re,li#asi %erlangsung
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Cromosomes
21
1:: 24
7840 4:
8 man 1 (*9
http://charismaticmice.homestead.com/pix3.htmlhttp://charismaticmice.homestead.com/pix3.html7/25/2019 Biologi Molekluler s1 Farmasi Kapsel Sttif
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E0 4oli 106 7 (*2 ( 4hromosom40 90 oo; s;roi
8uman 1 7 (*9
:: autosom yang %er%e$a
: se7 #romosomMasin52 sin5 inir D#
di;oid2 6o;is 6 6romosom 2 6o;is a6 5n
1 < 6rom in ma
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Aplikasi biomol 3
23
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You can tell people apart by theirfingerprints
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Because everyones fingerprints are different!
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DN is lie a fingerprint becauseeveryones is a little different!
"o# does the police loo at DN tofigure out #ho committed a crime$
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Miss Ellis Sara
This is what it really looks like!!!2:
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Antici,ate$ Bene5its3
im;ro=d dia5nosis of disasarir d6ion of 5ni6 ;rdis;osiions o disas
raiona dr5 dsi5n5n ra;y and 6onro sysms for dr5s
;rsonai>d, 6som dr5s
Medicine and te Ne$Genetics
2
Gene Testing Pharmacogenomics Gene Therapy
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Aplikasi 4
P)*(M)RF(5M+
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6! does drug response&ar!7
23
Same symptoms,
Same findings,
Same disease? Same drug
Same dose
Different Effects
Different patients
Possible Reasons:Individual variation
By chance
+tnicit!Age6eigt
Pregnanc!
GeneticfactorsDisease
Drug
Genetic
Differences
AA
GG #N"
Parmacogenomics
ng e uc eo e o ymorp sms
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ng e uc eo e o ymorp sms$#N"s%
A key to human variability
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D! se"uence #ariation at a single nucleotide that may
alter the function of the encoded protein
$unctional but alteredprotein$unctional proteinPolymorphisms are common and
contribute to common diseases and
influence our response to medications
?
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"Here's my
sequence..."
The New Yorker28/03/2014 33
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A"L&KA#& '&()(L *N+*KKL(N&NG
34
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"e Making o% Doll!
28/03/2014 39
-onin5 d;nds on D#
S; 1@ "a 6i o of a s; 55
Em;y D#D#
S; 2@ "ransfr n6i from Mor
S; E55 MorAs E55
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8ello Doll!
5e $as cloned using a cell taken %roma ealt! si9!earold seep
3:
*y 9, 1:, Doy Bas born a
$osin Insi, Edinbr5, S6oand
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GoodB!e Doll!
Doll!;s DNA $as alread! < !ears old$en se $as born 68=7
28/03/2014 37
# a5 3 Doy soBd si5ns of ;rmar# a5 3 Doy soBd si5ns of ;rmara5in5.a5in5.
Doy did a : yars od from ;ro5rssi=Doy did a : yars od from ;ro5rssi=
n5 disas Csym;om of od a5n5 disas Csym;om of od a5
IAs a abo D#
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OMPOSISI GENA
F"NGSIONA.
PROMO!ER
OPERA!ORAT!"AT#$ %!&'!&G (!T)
S!R"!"RA. GEN 3 mRNA
!ERMINA!OR
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(ntroduction
"e Central Dogmao% Molecular Biolog!
3
mRNA
Transcription
Cell
Polypeptide
(protein)
TranslationRibosome
Reversetanscription
DNA
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