Biology EOC Review NAME_______________________________________________________
Goal 1: Learner will develop abilities necessary to do and understand scientific inquiry.
1.01 Identify biological problems and questions that can be answered through scientific
investigations.
1.02 Design and conduct scientific investigations to answer biological questions (create testable
hypotheses, identify variables, use a control or comparison group when appropriate, select
and use appropriate measurement tools, collect and record data, organize data into charts and
graphs, analyze and interpret data, communicate findings).
You have measured the rate at which a fish breaths at various temperatures by counting the rate at which its gills open. The data is below.
Breathing rate Temperature 19/min 5 deg C
25/min 10 deg C
30/min 20 deg C
34/min 30 deg C 37/min 35 deg C
1. What is the independent variable? The dependent variable? p. 9
2. What happens to breathing rate with increase in Temp?
3. What would be a good control for this experiment?
4. How do you think the breathing rate was measured?
5. What do you think would happen if you raised the
temperature even more?
6. Why would it be a bad idea to do this?
1.03 Formulate and revise scientific explanations and models of biological phenomena using logic
and evidence to: explain observations, make inferences and predictions, explain the
relationship between evidence and explanation.
Bromothymol blue turns to bromothymol yellow in the presence of carbon dioxide. When the carbon
dioxide is removed, the solution will return to a blue color. Two green water plants were placed in
separate test tubes, each containing water and bromothymol yellow. Both test tubes were corked. One tube was placed in the light, the other in the dark. After several days, the liquid in the tube exposed to
light turned blue.
1. What is the independent variable in this experiment?
2. What is the dependent variable in this experiment?
3. What is the control for this experiment?
4. This demonstration illustrates that, during photosynthesis, green plants take in ______________
_________________.
1.
Biology EOC Review
1.04 Apply safety procedures in the laboratory and in field studies. (Recognize and avoid potential
hazards, safely manipulate materials and equipment needed for scientific investigations.)
1.Label the microscope. p. 1070
2. How do you determine total magnification of
a microscope? (Assume the eyepiece magnifies 10 x and the objective magnifies 40 x)
3. Draw how the letter “e” would look as view
through a microscope?
4. What kind of care must be taken when working with bacteria?
5. Why must care be used when working with bacteria?
6. What are the issues surrounding the use of animals for research?
1.05 Analyze reports of scientific investigations from an informed scientifically literate viewpoint
including considerations of: appropriate sample, adequacy of experimental controls,
replication of findings, and alternative interpretations of the data.
Goal 2: Learner will develop an understanding of the physical, chemical and cellular basis of life.
2.01 Compare and contrast the structure and functions of the following organic
molecules: P. 44-48
Macromolecules Function Subunits / Monomer
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
2.
Biology EOC Review
Specific Molecule Function Type of Organic
compound
Starch
Cellulose
Insulin
Glycogen
Glucose
Enzymes
Hemoglobin
Fats
DNA
RNA
Describe the following nutrient tests:
Nutrient Type of Test Negative Test Positive Test
Starch
Lipids
Monosaccharides
Simple Sugars
Protein
2.02 Investigate and describe the structure and function of cells including cell organelles, cell
specialization, and communication among cells within an organism. Ch. 7 p. 169-193
Fill in this chart. Also give the letter or number of the part as seen in the diagrams below.
Cell Part and Letter Structure Description Function
Nucleus
Plasma Membrane
Cell wall
Mitochondria
3.
Biology EOC Review
Vacuoles
Chloroplasts
Ribosomes
1. Which cell is the plant cell (left or right)?
2. Which structures are found only in the plant cell? 3. Which structures are found only in the animal cell?
4. Put the following in order from smallest to largest: p. 192
Organ systems Cells Organs Tissues
___________ ___________ ___________ ___________
Below are a variety of cells from the human body. Use the index of your book to look them up.
1. Which cell is adapted for movement? What structure
makes this movement possible? What organelle is very
plentiful in these cells in order to provide the energy for
movement?
2. What is the function of the Red Blood cell?
3. Which cell is involved in the immune system?
4. Which cell helps in movement of bones?
5. Which cell is adapted for transmitting messages?
4.
Biology EOC Review Hormones: p. 997-1002
1. What structures produce hormones?
2. How do hormones travel throughout a body?
3. What is the function of hormones?
The diagram below shows many proteins and other molecules embedded in a cell membrane. p. 182
1. What is the cell membrane made up of?
2. What are some of the functions of these proteins and other molecules?
3. Why is it described as selectively permeable?
2.03 Investigate and analyze the cell as a living system including: maintenance of homeostasis,
movement of materials into and out of cells, and energy use and release in biochemical reactions.
p. 182-189
1. Explain what has happened in the diagram to the left.
2. Why did the large dark molecules NOT move to the left?
3. How is the semi-permeable membrane like a cell membrane?
4. If the dark molecule is starch, where is the
starch concentration greatest (left or right)?
5. If the white molecule is water, where is the water concentration greatest at first?
6. In osmosis, water moves from an area of __________ to an area of _________ concentration.
5.
Biology EOC Review 7. If the dark molecules could move, in what direction would they move? Why?
8. In diffusion, molecules move from an area of ________ to an area of ________ concentration.
9. What is osmotic pressure?
10.Draw arrows to show which way water will move in each of the following situations:
a. Salt inside the cell = 65% and outside the cell 40%.
b. Sugar inside the cell 27% and outside 80%.
11. What is homeostasis?
12. How do cells maintain homeostasis: Consider pH, temperature, blood glucose, water balance
Comparison of active and passive transport p. 182-189
PASSIVE TRANPORT ACTIVE TRANSPORT
Requires energy?
Low to high concentration or
high to low concentration?
Examples
Salt is a solute, when it is concentrated inside or outside the cell, it will draw the water in its direction.
This is also why you get thirsty after eating something salty.
6.
Biology EOC Review
Type of Solutions
Diffusion and Osmosis are both types of __________________ TRANSPORT - that is, no energy is
required for the molecules to move into or out of the cell.
Sometimes, large molecules cannot cross the plasma membrane, and are "helped" across by _________.
This process, which uses proteins and ATP is called __________________ ___________________.
7.
Biology EOC Review Energy p. 201-203 Use the following diagram – label where energy is released and where energy is used. Also use arrows
on the lines attached to the circles to indicate if energy is going in or out.
1. What cellular process produces ATP?
2. What is ATP energy used for? Give examples.
3. How do we get energy from ATP?
2.05 Investigate and analyze the bioenergetic reactions: aerobic respiration, anaerobic
respiration, and photosynthesis. p. 204-225
Label the following molecules in these equations (water, glucose, oxygen, carbon dioxide, ethyl alcohol)
A)
B)
C)
1. Which of the above reactions is photosynthesis? 2. Which of the above reactions is fermentation (anaerobic cellular respiration)?
3. Which of the above reactions is cellular respiration (aerobic)?
4. Which reaction requires chlorophyll? What is the purpose of the chlorophyll? 5. Which reaction requires light? What is the light used for?
6. Which organisms carry out process A? Plants / Animals / or Both
7. Which organisms carry out process B? Plants / Animals / or Both
8. Which organisms carry out process C? 9. Which process uses chloroplasts in eukaryotes?
10. Which process uses mitochondria in eukaryotes?
11. What factors could speed up (or slow down) process A? 12. What factors could speed up (or slow down) process B?
13. Label the missing parts in Photosynthesis:
14. What type of organisms perform aerobic cellular respiration?
15. Where does aerobic respiration occur in the cell? 8.
Biology EOC Review
16. What cellular process produces ATP more
efficiently? Is this process anaerobic or aerobic?
2.04 Investigate and describe the structure and function of enzymes and explain their importance
in biological systems. p. 49-53
1. Does the enzyme or substrate change shape? 2. What 2 conditions cause enzymes to become denatured (change shape)? 3. Enzymes are types of what organic compound? 4. Why is the enzyme-substrate complex compared to a lock and key? 5. Why can enzymes be used over and over again?
9.
Biology EOC Review 6. What is the function of enzymes in biological systems? Why are they necessary for all biochemical
reactions?
7. Why is there only one kind of enzyme for each biochemical reaction?
Goal 3: Learner will develop an understanding of the continuity of life and the changes of
organisms over time.
3.01: Analyze the molecular basis of heredity including: DNA replication, Protein Synthesis
(transcription and translation), and gene regulation. p. 286-312
Below is a strand of DNA. DNA in the cells exists as a double helix –
1. Circle one nucleotide. What 3 pieces is it made up of?
2. What are the black pentagons? What are the nitrogen bases?
_____ _____ _____ ____ _____ _____
3. Fill in the blanks with the complimentary DNA bases.
4. If a strand of DNA undergoes transcription, what will the sequence of the mRNA be?
DNA = G A C T G A mRNA =
tRNA =
Label the summary of protein synthesis diagrammed below:
DNA
Transcription
mRNA
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
mRNA
tRNA
Ribosome
Anticodon
Codon
Amino Acid
Polypeptide Chain /
Protein
Nuclear Membrane
rRNA
Translation
10.
Biology EOC Review
5. After translation, what would the amino acid
sequence be for the section of mRNA above? (read from right to left)
6. What is a codon?
What is an anti-codon?
7. Compare RNA and DNA in the following table
RNA DNA
Sugars
Bases
Strands 1
or 2
Where
In Cell
Function
8. What kinds of bonds hold the amino acids together in the protein that is formed?
9. What are the three types of RNA and what are their functions?
1) 2)
3)
10. What kind of weak bonds hold the two strands of DNA together between the nitrogen bases?
11. Why is it important that these bonds be weak?
12. What happens to DNA when a mutation occurs?
13. How does this affect the mRNA?
14. How can this affect translation?
15. How does this affect the structure and shape of the resulting protein?
16. Where in the cell does transcription occur?
17. Where in the cell does translation occur?
11.
Biology EOC Review Cell Cycle: p. 244-253
1. Look at the diagram of the cell cycle.
When does the replication of DNA occur? What is this phase called?
2. What do GI and G2 represent?
3. Does mitosis include cytokinesis (division of the cytoplasm)?
Gene Expression and Regulation p. 309-312
1. If all the cells in an organism (cells with nuclei) have the same DNA, explain, in terms of genes, how a
nerve cell functions differently from a muscle cell.
2. Why does a pancreas cell produce insulin in great amounts but a blood cells does not?
3. There are advantages and disadvantages to the overproduction of proteins by a cell. Describe the
advantages and disadvantages for an injured cell.
4. Describe the advantages and disadvantages in a cancerous cell.
3.02 Compare and contrast the characteristics of asexual and sexual reproduction.
MITOSIS p. 246-248 MEIOSIS p. 275-278
Type of reproduction
(Asexual or sexual)
Chromosome number of mother
cell (1N=haploid or 2N=diploid)
Chromosome number of
daughter cells (1N=haploid or
2N=diploid)
Number of cell divisions
Number of cells produced
When does replication happen?
SOURCES OF VARIATION
Yes or No Yes or No
Crossing over
Random assortment of
chromosomes
Gene mutations
Nondisjunction
fertilization
12.
Biology EOC Review Label the following stages of mitosis (cell division). Put the letters in order starting with interphase.
What type of cell is this Plant or animal and how do you know?
3.03 Interpret and predict patterns of inheritance: (dominant, recessive and intermediate traits,
multiple alleles, polygenic traits, sex-linked traits, independent assortment, test cross, pedigrees,
and Punnett squares)
1. In the Punnett square to the left, T = tall and t=short. Give the genotype for the parents. p. 263-274
2. Give the phenotype for the parents.
3. What are the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring?
4. What is the genotypic ratio of the offspring?
5. What is the phenotypic ratio of the offspring?
6. What environmental factors might affect the expression of these genes for height? Explain.
7. Some genes produce intermediate phenotypes. Cross a pure breeding red flower (RR) with a pure
breeding white flower (WW). Give the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring. p. 272-273
Explain the inheritance of the following disorders: p. 341-346 (autosomal dominant? Autosomal recessive? Sex-linked dominant? Sex-linked recessive?)
Sickle cell anemia: Color-blindness:
Cystic fibrosis: Hemophilia:
Huntington Disease: PKU:
13.
Biology EOC Review
Blood type p. 344-345
1. If a woman with type A blood has a child with a man with type B blood and their first child has type O
blood, give the genotypes of the woman and the man and do the cross. (Alleles are IA, I
B, and i)
2. What are the odds that they will have a child with type O blood again?
3. What are the odds that they will have a child with homozygous type A blood?
4. What are the odds that they will have a child with type AB blood?
5. A blood test is done to see if one of three men is the father of a child. The child has type O blood, the
mother has type A blood. Man #1 has type AB blood, Man #2 has type A blood, Man #3 has type O
blood. Are there any men that can be ruled out as the father. Explain.
Polygenic traits p. 395-396 1. Some traits are considered to be polygenic. What does this mean?
2. What is an example of a polygenic trait in humans?
Sex Chromosomes p. 341-342, 350--352
1. What are the male sex chromosomes in humans?
2. What are the female sex chromosomes in humans?
3. Colorblindness and hemophilia are sex-linked traits. What chromosome are these genes found
on? 4. What are the 3 possible female genotypes? ________ _________ _________
Phenotypes ________ _________ _________
5. What are the 2 possible male genotypes? ________ __________ _________
Phenotypes? _________ __________ _________
6. Cross a female who is a carrier for hemophilia with a normal male.
7. What are the odds that they will have a child with hemophilia.
8. What are the odds that they will have a daughter with hemophilia?
9. What are the odds that they will have a daughter who is a carrier for hemophilia?
10. Why are males more likely to show a sex-linked disorder?
14.
Biology EOC Review Karyotype p. 341, 352-353
1. What is the gender of the person whose karyotype is shown to the left?
2. What is the disorder that this person
has? What is your evidence?
3. What are some of the characteristics
of this disorder?
4. What caused this type of
disorder?
Pedigrees p. 342-343
1. Is the inheritance pattern shown by this
pedigree dominant or recessive?
2. How do you know?
3. Using A,a, what is the genotype of person II 4.
4. What is the genotype of person I 3?
Test Cross p. 263-280
Describe the test cross that a farmer would use to determine the genotype of an animal that shows a dominant trait. Use the following Punnett squares and the letters A and a to explain your answer.
Mendel’s Laws p. 263-280
Explain each of Mendel’s Laws and explain the experiments he used to determine these laws. 1. Law of segregation of characters (alleles)
2. Law of independent assortment (of alleles)
3. How does meiosis lead to segregation and independent assortment?
15.
Biology EOC Review 4. A problem to solve:
In the P1 generation a homozygous dominant brown mink crossed with a homozygous recessive
silverblue mink produced all brown heterozygous offspring. When these F1 heterozygous minks were
crossed among themselves they produced 47 brown animals and 15 silverblue animals (F2 generation). Determine all the genotypes and phenotypes, and their relative ratios, in the F1 and F2 generations.
3.04 Assess the impacts of genomics on individuals and society (Human genome project and
applications of biotechnology)
1. What were the goals of the human genome project? p. 357- 358
2. What are 2 scientific uses of the human genome project? p. 357-360
To the left is an electrophoresis gel, showing evidence from a
rape case. p. 322- 326, 356-357
3. Could the defendant be the rapist? Explain your
answer.
4. Which fragments of DNA are the longest? Explain
5. What other ways can DNA fingerprinting be useful?
16.
Biology EOC Review Transgenic organisms: p. 327-332
1. What are transgenic organisms?
2. What is the value of this technology in agriculture?
3. What is the value of this type of technology in the pharmaceutical industry?
Stem Cells p.253
1. The diagram to the right shows how stem
cells can develop into many types of
different cells. What are some of the potential benefits that could come from the
growing of stem cells in a laboratory?
2. What are some of the ethical issues
surrounding the collection and use of stem
cells?
17.
Biology EOC Review 3.05 Examine the development of the theory of evolution by natural selection including:
development of the theory, the origin and history of life, fossil and biochemical evidence,
mechanisms of evolution, and applications (pesticide and antibiotic resistance).
In the following chart, describe the role of each of the following in developing the current theory of
evolution.
How this supports the evolutionary theory:
Understanding of geology
(Changes in the earth) p. 374
Understanding that the earth _____________ over time explains
why organisms might change to ________ the new environments.
Malthus’ ideas about population Growth p. 374
Organisms reproduce exponentially but the world is not overcrowded by organisms – because they ___________ to survive
Embryological Similarities p. 385
Similar anatomy early in development suggests similar
_______________.
Patterns in fossil evidence p. 417
Following the patterns and aging the fossils suggests _______________________ trees.
Homologous Structures p. 384
Similar anatomy suggests _________________ ancestry
Biochemical comparisons (DNA and proteins) p. 394
Similar DNA and/or proteins suggests similar ________________
The role of variations p. 380, 407
Variations provide the fuel for _______________
________________. Those variations that are advantageous are
selected for; survive and are passed on.
The role of sexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction is a source of ___________________.
The role of geographic isolation
p. 380, 407
Geographic isolation can lead to ____________________ when
organisms are evolving in two different environments.
The importance of the
environment
Environments _________________ for the adaptations that best
suit the organisms for survival in that environment.
Discuss the steps in Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection. 1. Populations of organisms have many genetic variations. Where do these come from? p. 394
2. Organisms could reproduce exponentially but they don’t. Why not? p.380
3. Genetic variations lead to different adaptations. What are adaptations? p. 380
4. Some adaptations have better survival value in certain environments. What does this mean? p. 380
5. Those organisms with adaptations that better fit them to an environment will survive, reproduce and
pass on their genes. What does it mean to be “fit” to an environment? p. 380
6. The next population will have a high frequency of the genes that have been selected for. Why will the
frequency of selected genes increase? p. 394
7. When this process continues over millions of years, it can lead to speciation. What is speciation?
p.404
8. Describe how a population of bacteria can become resistant to an antibiotic (or an insect to a pesticide)
using the steps listed above. p. 403
9. What are the differences between abiogenesis and biogenesis? p. 8-13
18.
Biology EOC Review 10. What did Louis Pasteur contribute to our understanding of the origins of life? p. 12-13
11.Explain Miller and Urey’s hypothesis. p.424
12. Why did Miller and Urey put those particular gases
into their experiment? p. 424
13. What type of organic molecules did they find? p. 424
14. What is the significance of their experiments? p. 424
15. Most hypotheses state that prokaryotic anaerobes
probably evolved first. Why? p.426-428
16. The hypotheses then suggest that prokaryotic
autotrophs probably evolved? Why? p.426-428
17. What would enter the atmosphere as a result of these autotrophs appearing. p. 426
18. Then prokaryotic aerobic heterotrophs could evolve. What can these cells do that others before them
cannot? p. 426-428
19. What is the hypothesis explaining how eukaryotic cells evolved? p.426-428
Goal 4: Learner will develop an understanding of the unity and diversity of life.
4.01 Analyze the classification of organisms according to their evolutionary relationships.
(Historical development and changing nature of classification systems, similarities and differences
between eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms, similarities and differences among the eukaryotic
kingdoms, classifying organisms using a key)
1. Draw figure 18-11 that explains how the organization of the kingdoms and domains have changed over
time. p. 458
Changing Number of Kingdoms
First
Introduced Names of Kingdoms
1700s
Late 1800s
1950s
1990s
19.
Biology EOC Review
2. Who came up with the first 2 Kingdoms and what were they? p. 457
3. What is the current seven-level classification system? p. 450
4. What is binomial nomenclature?
5. How are DNA and biochemical analysis, embryology, and morphology used to classify organisms? p. 452-455
6. Similarities in the evidence above proves that organisms share a ______________ ________________.
7. To the left is a phylogenetic tree of some organisms. According to this tree, which pairs
of organisms are most closely related? P.460
8. Which organism is most closely related to the
rayfinned fish?
8. Which organisms are the mammals most
closely related to?
10. Organisms that are close to each other show
_________________ _________________. 11. Which would be the most primitive organism?
20.
Biology EOC Review
Fill in the following chart with the characteristics of the various kingdoms. P. 459
Domain
Kingdom Eubacteria Archaebacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia
Eukaryotic or
prokaryotic
Multicellular
or single-celled
Sexual or
asexual
reproduction
Autotrophic
or
heterotrophic
Aerobic or anaerobic
Cell walls or
no cell walls
Examples
What are some differences between the bacteria and the archaea? P. 459
Use the following key to identify the tree branch to the left.
1. a. leaf is needle-like….go to 2
b. leaf is broad……… go to 5
2. a. needles are short ....go to 3
b. needles are long…...go to 4
3. a. underside of needles green…hemlock
b. underside of needles silver ..balsam
4. a. 3 needles in bundle….pitch pine
b. 5 needles in bundle….white pine
5. a. edge of leaf round.go to 6
b. edge of leaf serrated…go to 7
6. a. minty odor…… wintergreen
b. no minty odor…..laurel
21.
Biology EOC Review 4.02 Analyze the processes by which organisms representative of the following groups accomplish
essential life functions including………….
Fill in the charts below showing how various groups of organisms accomplish the life functions
listed.
Protists Ch. 20 Annelids p. 694-699 Insects p. 726-733
Transport of materials
Circulatory System ? Open or Closed ?
Diffusion 5 contractile “hearts”;
mostly ___________ system
Dorsal heart; open
circulation
Excretion – How is
Waste Removed?
Diffusion Paired nephridia – each
segments
______________
tubules; empty into digestive
Respiration – How do
They get Oxygen?
Diffusion Mainly diffusion ______________ along
side of body to allow
oxygen in
Regulation /
Maintain Homeostasis
Contractile
______________, etc.
Small brain; ventral
nerve cord; sense organs
Brain; ventral nerve
cord; eyes, antennae
Growth and Development
Just cell growth Eggs in cocoons – hatch as small worms
___________________ (egg, larva, pupa, adult)
Examples
Amphibians p. 782-789 Mammals p. 821-832
Transport of materials
Circulatory System?
Open or Closed?
3 chambered heart; ____________
system
_______________________ heart;
closed system – veins, arteries,
capillaries
Excretion – How is Waste Removed?
Kidneys – empty into cloaca _________________ with ureter, urethra, bladder
Respiration – How do They get Oxygen?
Lungs or gills, also through ________
_____________ with trachea, bronchiole tubes; air sacs
Regulation /
Maintain Homeostasis
Internal ears, vocal sac; some
poison glands
_______________ and complex
nervous system with brain
Growth and
development
Egg, _______________, adult Baby continues to develop after birth;
varies with species
Examples
22.
Biology EOC Review
Non-vascular Plants
p. 551-559
Gymnosperms
p. 564-568
Angiosperms
p. 569-572
Transport of materials
Vascular Tissue??
Size – Small or Large
Leaves ?
What Type?
Location – Near water Or not?
Seeds or Spores
Is water required for
reproduction?
How are spores or
seeds dispersed?
Examples
Compare the following two types of cells. p. 173
Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
Membrane-bound organelles
Ribosomes
Types of chromosomes
size
Examples
4.03 Assess, describe and explain adaptations affecting survival and reproductive success
(structural adaptations in plants and animals, disease-causing viruses and microorganisms,
co-evolution)
Label the following parts on the flower and give their
functions: p. 612
Stigma, style, ovary, petal, sepal, anther, filament
23.
Biology EOC Review 1. What is the purpose of stomata?
2. What is the purpose of guard cells?
3. On the leaf cross-section diagram to the right, label a stomata and the area of the leaf specialized for photosynthesis (think
about where sunlight hits the plant).
Fill in the following charts with the information required.
Feeding Adaptations
Protists p. 501
Gullets and cilia to get foot into gullet; or pseudopods to surround the food;
________- movement for catching food; trichocysts to subdue food. Also diffusion
Annelid worms p. 695
Muscles to move around; tentacles; engulf _________; filter feeding; predators
Insects
p. 728
Specialized appendages for eating and palpating; sucking, lapping, etc. Wings and
legs for hopping and flying after food.
Amphibians p. 784
Tongue that flings out to traps insects; hopping legs, fast swimmers
Mammals
p. 822-823
Claws, large ____________ for grinding;
Reproduction Adaptations Adaptations to life on Land
Protists
p. 502
Asexual and sexual; join together
to mate – swimming forms of cells
Annelid worms p. 696
In some both sexes in one organism; clitellum for mating;
hard cover - egg
____________ for moving; eating soil – filtering to get nutrients; muscles to move
Insects
p. 729
Ovipositors; internal fertilization
(and external); eat male after mating
Hopping legs; spiracles to get oxygen from
air;
Amphibians
p. 786
_______________ fertilization in
water; amplexus;
Legs to hop; live near water; lungs to breathe
air;
Mammals p. 826
Uterus for baby to grow – _____________ fertilization
Legs, wings, for getting around; fur to keep warm; skin that won’t lose water.
Non-vascular
plants p. 557-588
Gametophytes, sperm that swim in
___________ when it rains.
Rhizoids to absorb water, live where it is
__________ and ___________ to ground
Gymnosperms p. 564
________, seeds, pollen, seeds that can travel in the _____________.
Phloem/xylem, roots, _____________ to prevent water loss
Angiosperms
p. 569
___________, buds, petals, pollen,
nectar to attract _______________
Phloem/xylem, roots, _____________ to
prevent water loss
Viruses: 1. Describe the basic structure of a virus. P. 479
2. Explain how mutations in viruses and microorganisms that cause disease (bacteria) affect their
treatment? P. 287-288
3. How do they treat a viral infection versus a bacterial infection? P. 486 and 488
24.
Biology EOC Review 4. Complete the chart for the following diseases.
Type of pathogen:
Virus or Bacteria
Treatment with: antibiotics or immune system
HIV p. 489
Influenza
p. 489
Smallpox p. 489
Streptococcus
(Strep Throat) p. 486
Sinus Infection
1. What is meant by coevolution? P. 437-438
2. Give an example of a flowering plant and a pollinator and describe how coevolution works? P. 437-438
4.04 Analyze and explain the interactive role of internal and external factors in health and disease
(genetics, immune response, nutrition, parasites, and toxins)
1. Explain the relationship between sickle cell anemia and malaria. P. 347
2. Explain the relationship between lung and mouth cancer and tobacco use. P. 962-963
3. Explain the relationship between skin cancer and ultraviolet radiation from sun exposure. P. 974-975
4. Explain the relationship between diabetes, diet/exercise, and genetics. P. 1007-1008
5. Explain the relationship between PKU and diet. P. 345
25.
Biology EOC Review Immune Response p. 1036-1042
1.What is the function of helper T-cells? p. 1040
2. What is the function of killer T-cells? p. 1040
3. What is the function of cytotoxic T-cells? p. 1040
4. What do B cells produce? P. 1038
5. What are antigens? p. 1038-1039
6. What kinds of cells keep you from becoming reinfected? P. 1038
7. What is the difference between active immunity and passive immunity? P. 1041
8. Explain what vaccines do to the immune system. p. 486
Health and Nutrition p. 976 1. What type of diet contributes to optimal health?
2. What type of diet contributes to obesity?
3. What type of diet contributes to malnutrition?
4. What happens when someone is deficient in Vitamin C? p. 974-975 Vitamin D?
Vitamin A?
26.
Biology EOC Review Parasites (Malaria) p. 503
1. Describe the life cycle of the malarial parasite.
3. What is the vector?
4. What are the symptoms?
5. What are the treatments?
Environmental Toxins
1. Explain the effects on human health of:
Lead:
Mercury:
4.05 Analyze the broad patterns of animal behavior as adaptations to the environment.
Type of Behavior Innate or Learned? p. 873 Description of Behavior
Suckling
p. 873
Insects moving
away or toward
light p. 872
Migration
p. 878
Estivation
Hibernation
Habituation
p. 874
Imprinting
p. 876
Classical
conditioning
p. 874
Trial and error p. 875
Communication using pheromones
p. 882
27.
Biology EOC Review
Courtship dances p. 879
Territoriality p. 881
Social Behavior
p. 880
Goal 5: Learner will develop an understanding of the ecological relationships among
organisms.
5.01 Investigate and analyze the interrelationships among organisms, populations, communities,
and ecosystems (techniques of field ecology, abiotic and biotic factors, carrying capacity)
In the following chart, explain the symbiotic relationships p. 93
Relationship Definition Example
Mutualism
p. 93
Commensalism
p. 93
Parasitism
p. 93
Predator-Prey p. 93
1. In the graph below, which organism is the prey? Which is the predator?
2. Which population increases first and why?
3. Which population increases second and why?
Biotic and Abiotic Factors
1. List at least 3 biotic factors in an environment. P. 90
2. List at least 3 abiotic factors in an environment. P. 90
3. Give examples of limiting factors that limit population growth and how they affect carrying capacity.
P. 124
28.
Biology EOC Review
Graph 1: Rabbits Over Time
1. What kind of growth curve is shown by the
graph to the right?
2. What is the carrying capacity for rabbits?
3. During what month were rabbits in
exponential growth?
Graph 2: Mexico and US p. 130-131
1. In Mexico, what percentage of the population is
between 0-4 years of age?
2. In the US?
3. Which population is growing the fastest?
4. Which age group has the smallest number in
both countries?
Graph 3: Human Population Graph
1. The graph to the left shows the growth of the
human population from 1 A.D. to 2000 A.D.
Describe what you see has happened.
2. Predict what will happen to population
growth in the future and explain your reasoning.
3. What factors influence birth and death rates?
4. What type of growth curve is this?
5. What type of organisms most commonly exhibits this growth pattern?
29.
Biology EOC Review
5.02 Analyze the flow of energy and the cycling of matter in the ecosystem (relationship of
the carbon cycle to photosynthesis and respiration and trophic levels – direction and
efficiency of energy transfer).
Carbon cycle Diagram p. 77
1. Which process(es) put carbon dioxide into the atmosphere? P. 77
2. Which process(es) take carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere? P. 77
3. Explain the Greenhouse Effect in relationship to carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. P. 87-88
4. What might result from increased atmospheric carbon dioxide and what effect would it have on the
environment? P. 87-88
5. What effect do CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) have on the environment?
6. What cancer can result from increased UV (ultraviolet) radiation?
7. What is biological magnification (bioaccumulation)? 30.
Biology EOC Review
Food Webs p. 70
1. What are the producers / autotrophs in this food web?
2. What are the primary consumers (herbivores) in this food web?
3. What are the secondary consumers in this food web?
4. What are the highest level consumers in this food web?
5. What is a carnivore and give an example from the food web?
6. What is an omnivore and give an example from the food web?
7. Create an energy pyramid from the food chain: leavesinsectsbirdsredfoxbear P. 72
8. Where is the most energy in this pyramid? Where is the least energy?
9. What happens to energy as it moves through the food chain/web?
10. Assume there are 10,000 kcal of energy in the leaves? Estimate the amount of energy in each of the other levels of the energy pyramid.
31.
Biology EOC Review 9. What happens to matter as it moves through the food chain/web?
10. What is the ultimate source of energy for this food web?
5.03 Assess human population and its impact on local ecosystems and global environments (historic
and potential changes in population, factors associated with those changes, climate change,
resource use, sustainable practices/stewardship).
Explain the effect each of the following may have on the environment.
Factor Effect on Environment
Population Size
p. 119
Population Density
p. 119
Resource Use
p. 144
Acid Rain
p. 148
Habitat Destruction
p. 151
Introduced non-native species
p. 153
Pesticide use (DDT)
p. 152
Deforestation p. 146
1. How do changes in human populations affect populations of other organisms? P. 140
2. What effect do volcanoes have on the atmosphere? P. 76-77
3. What are some examples of sustainable practices and stewardship that can protect the environment? P. 160
32.