BNM Concluding Remarks Tom Browder (University of Hawaii)
The Super B Factory and “Todaiji”
By 798 the vast compound of Todaiji and its buildings were completed. According to Todaiji records, 50,000 carpenters, 370,000 metal workers, and 2.18 million laborers worked on its construction and furnishings. The enormous expenses virtually brought the nation to the brink of bankruptcy.
Deep Unsolved Problems in Particle Physics
Where is the anti-matter ?• Sakharov 1967: SM has the prerequisites for
baryogenesis: – Baryon number violation at high temperatures (B=L)
– Non-equilibrium (phase transitions)– CP violation in the quark sector
• However, according to the theory department: “The KM (Kobayashi-Maskawa) phase in the SM is
probably not sufficient (by about 10 orders of magnitude !)”
Refs: V.A Rubakov, M.E. Shaposhnikov, Phys.Usp 39,461 (1996); A.G. Cohen, D.B. Kaplan, A.E. Nelson,Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 43, 27 (1993).
“A New source of CP violation in quarks ?”
Are there New Physics Phases and New sources of CP Violation Beyond the SM ?
Are there right-handed currents ?
Are there new flavor changing neutral currents ?
Are there new operators with quarks enhanced by New Physics ?
Fundamental Questions in Flavor Physics
Experiments: bs CPV, compare CPV angles from tree and loops
Experiments: AFB(BK*l l), BK rates and asymmetries
Experiments: bs CPV, B->VPγ or BV V triple-product asymmetries
Experiments: bs ννbar, D-Dbar CPV+mixing+rare, τγ
These questions can only be answered at a Super B Factory.
Why three generations ?
String Theory ? (e.g. P.Binetruy et.al.,
hep-th/0509157; J.Phys G.32: 129 (2006)); Larger Symmetry Groups ?
Experiments with quarks or heavy leptons?
This question is probably too hard – more tractable questions…..
Thanks, Tim Gershon
New physics effects in B decayswill depend on the type of NP
SUSY Models popular in Japan (e.g. SU(5) GUT’s connects ’s and quarks)
Generic predictions: no signf. effects in B decays, (due to Tevatron Bs mixing constraint) however, enhanced lepton flavor violation such as γ
Generic SUSY Not constrained well. But impossible to make ab initio predictions, too much freedom and too many extra phases and couplings.
Extra dimensions
e.g. Okada
2006:Intriguing Tension between |Vub| and sin(2φ1)tree loop
Small non-zero NP phase
Amplitude close to 1
R. Itoh
x
L. Silvestrini
Off-diagonal SUSY terms with current data
CKM Unitarity Triangle (in)consistency
50 ab1Two scenarios at
Precise measurements may show φ3 (tree) measurements are inconsistent with loops.
Super B Factory
Something new in
Extra dimensions (by Randall + Sundrum)
New Kaluza-Klein (K.K) particles are associated with the extra dimension.
(“Tower of states”)
Some may induce certain types of flavor-changing neutral currents.
e.g. K.Agashe, G. Perez, A. Soni, PRD 71, 016002 (2005)
Model: K.K. Gluon near 3 TeV
RS1
SM
++CPV in D decay
New Detectors for B Physics
The Super B Factory will face tough competition from LHCb, which is now a real experiment.
LHCb
There is considerable complementarity: photon, neutral detection and inclusive channels are considerable easier at the Super B Factory while time-dependent Bs studies are superior at LHCb.
J. Libby
10 fb-1 for LHCb
50 fb-1 for SuperB
New Ideas and Unsolved Problems for the Detector at the Super B Factory
“Red meat for experimental physicists”
Do we have robust solutions for vertexing and particle ID ?
FWDEndCap
BWDEndCap
Barrel
Realistic designbased on discussionwith QCS group
Vertex:Si striplet (MAPS later) inner-most and Si strip trackerTracker:Drift chamber r>15cmPID: w/TOP and AC-RICH (endcap)ECAL:CsI (Tl) +wave from (barrel) pure CsI+PMT (endcap): Scintillator +SiPM
SuperBelle default
Detector LayoutBASELINE
OPTION
Detector summary (Haba)
• Now the two detectors look alike even more than before.– 1cm Be beam pipe– Striplet (MAP pixels later) + 5 layer Si strips– Drift chamber tracker for r>15cm– PID with a DIRC-like principle + optional FWD PID– EMcal with CsI(Tl) (barrel reuse) + pure CsI (or LSO) for endcap
• Several important points to note– Energy asymmetry/vertex resolution– KLM detector– APD for pure CsI endcap – Role of backward EC for hermiticity
Differences are worth investigating….
There is convergence on the detector
Comments on Super B Factory Accelerator Developments
ILC ring & ILC FF
Simplified SuperB layout Crossing angle = 2*25 mrad
November 2006
Piredda
Energy asymmetry discussion
INFN: To reduce beam energy spread, improve beam dynamics and reduce power costs, reduce the factor from 0.56 to 0.23. To recover BaBar level physics performance, must reduce the beampipe radius to 1cm and improve vertexing performance…
There is no free lunch
May improve acceptance for high multiplicity modes and hermiticity
Similar discussions are underway for SuperKEKB in order to reduce power and wiggler costs (T. Tsuboyama, Ohnishi)
Background from Touschek scattering ?
• Data taken 28-June-2003 12:30~13:00
• LER single beam• Vertical beam size changed
by “size bump”• Beam lifetime expected to
follow
Background could depend on
y
bunch
Touschek
i
1
...)(
Touschek
Touschek
vac
vac kkiB
i
dt
diB
Beam current
Beam life
1/
k might be different for different processes
Vertical beam size y
Interaction RegionCrab crossing
=30mrad.y*=3mm
New QCS
Super B Factory at KEK
Linac upgrade
More RF power
Damping ring
New Beam pipe
Ante-chamber & solenoid coilsto reduce photo-electron clouds
L = 81035/cm2 /sec
First step towards Super B: Crab crossing
. Superconducting crab cavities are now being tested and will be installed at KEKB in 2007
Question: 12 nanometer beam spot in y, 2.7 microns in x. Is this possible in a real 2-3 km circumference multi-orbit machine ?
ILC-style international review committee can examine whether this is realistic
Piredda
Master Plan for Japanese High Energy Physics
“Dai-repoton keikaku”
K. Oide
Official Announcement from KEK director A. Suzuki on Super B expected in 2007
Budget of Japanese
accelerator physicists
Thinking outside of the 箱 (hako)
E. Baracchini
E. Baracchini
E. Baracchini Bsγγ at Upsilon(5S)
Another example where the Super B is the only machine where this experiment is possible.
Searches for light (~GeV) Dark Matter
• B decays with missing energy: e.g. BK + nothing (use fully reconstructed tags)
• Upsilon(1S)nothing (use Upsilon(3S)->Upsilon(1S) and run KEKB
at the Upsilon(3S) resonance, modify trigger) (new Belle UL)
T. Iijima
O. Tajima
No sensitivity of direct searches to M<10 GeV
Expected BF~O(6 x 10-3)
Also may use Upsilon(nS) to look for a very light CP odd neutral Higgs a1 (J. Gunion)
Results of Belle Dark Matter Search
dataFit BG PredictionBr(Y(1S)invisble)=0.6%
Nsignal = 38 ± 39, consistent with zero
BF(Y(1S)invisible) < 2.5x10-3 (90%C.L.)McElrath prediction is disfavored.
SM : Y(1S)bar
O. Tajima
Doing light dark matter: Uinvisible
~5 GeV,
No signal
Due to Beam-BGsuppressed “Bhabha veto”Veto with Esum of two- rings
Two-threshold logic is stillunder testing
O. Tajima
Use time-dependent flavor asymmetry in BD* l to look for deviations from quantum mechanics (Belle)
Something for the next SuperB meeting ?
Chi^2 =5 Chi^2 =43 Chi^2 =174
Wise words from a discoverer of CP violation:
Backup Slides
Vertical waist has to be a function of x:
Z=0 for particles at –x (- x/2 at low current)
Z= x/ for particles at +x (x/2 at low current) Crabbed waist realized with a sextupole in phase with the IP in
X and at /2 in Y
“Crab waist” removes beam-beam betratron couplingIntroduced by the crossing angle
“Crab waist” (P. Raimondi)
2z
x
2x
2x/
2z*
Y
z
e-e+
May be studied at KEKB and DAFNE in machine experiments
O 1.0Km O 0.7Km
Possible site: Tor Vergata campusRing circumference: 3.-2.2 km
Piredda
Civil construction synergy with FEL project or subway ???
Sigx* m 2.67Etax mm 0.0Sigy nm 12.6Betx mm 9.0Bety mm 0.080Sigz_IP mm 6.0Sige_IP 1.3e-3Sige_Lum 0.9e-3Emix nm
0.8
Emiy nm
0.002
Emiz m 8.0Cross_angle mrad 2*25Sigz_DR mm 6.0Sige_DR 1.3e-3Np 10e10 2.3Nbunches 6000DR_length km 3.0Damping_time msec 20Nturns_betwe_coll 1Collision freq MHz 600Lsingleturn 1e36 1.2Lmultiturn 1e36 1.0
• An ILC-like parameter list
• Same DR emittances
• Same DR bunch length
• Same DR bunch charges
• Same DR damping time
• Same ILC-IP betas
• Crossing Angle and Crab Waist to minimize BB blowup
Piredda