8/3/2019 Cambodia Experiences on Gender Mainstreaming in the Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector
1/17
1
CAMBODIA EXPERIENCES ON GENDER MAINSTREAMINGIN THE RURAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION SECTOR
Tonle Sap Rural Water Supply & Sanitation SectorProject(ADB GRANT 0018-CAM)
Mr. Nuon PichnimithDeputy Director
Department of Rural Water Supply
Ministry of Rural Development
Regional Seminar
Gender, Urban Development , and Water Supply and Sanitation
14-16 November 2011, Vientiane, Lao PDR
The views expressed in this paper are the views of the authorand do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the AsianDevelopment Bank (ADB), or its Board of Governors, or thegovernments they represent. ADB does not guarantee theaccuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts noresponsibility for any consequence of their use. The countries
listed in this paper do not imply any view on ADB's part as tosovereignty or independent status or necessarily conform to
ADB's terminolo .
8/3/2019 Cambodia Experiences on Gender Mainstreaming in the Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector
2/17
2
Kingdom of Cambodia
8/3/2019 Cambodia Experiences on Gender Mainstreaming in the Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector
3/17
Tonle Sap Rural Water Supply and
Sanitation Sector Project
Impact: Improved health and quality of life for rural people.
Outcome: Sustained access to safe water and sanitation and better
hygiene. Executing Agency: Ministry of Rural Development
Total Project Cost: US$24 million: (i) ADB Grant $18 million; (ii)Government $2.06 million; and (iii) Community $3.94 million
Project Duration: 4.5 years (53 months from 2006 to 2010)
4 Outputs: Community mobilization and skills development
Water supply improvement
Sanitation improvement
Capacity building and institutional support
Gender Mainstreaming: Gender Action Plan
3
TONLE SAP RURAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION SECTOR PROJECT(ADB GRANT 0018-CAM)
8/3/2019 Cambodia Experiences on Gender Mainstreaming in the Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector
4/17
Gender Analysis:Identification of Different Roles and Responsibilities
MEN WOMEN
Sometimes collect and carry water to thehouse
Often make decisions on construction ofWSS facilities, including location and design
Participate in training on construction,operation and maintenance
Sometimes share cleaning of the house,latrine, bathroom and disposal of rubbish
Decide on location and way to releasewastewater from the house
Almost always collect and carry water to the house
Concerned with household water security and family health
Sometimes influence, but often not able to make the final decision, oninvestment in WSS facilities, their location and design
Usually clean the house, latrine, bathroom and area around the well,and dispose of rubbish
Participate in household wastewater management, but rarelyinfluence decisions
Play main role in educating children on good hygiene behaviors,including proper use of latrines, hand-washing, handling of water etc.
Concerned with unsafe water and its harm on womens health.
Participate most in hygiene education
SPECIFIC TO PROJECT AREA:
Womens 3rd priority issue is poor conditions of water supply
Women comprise of 51.5% of total population
75% of respondents reported that the burden of collecting water falls on women and children (e.g., during the dryseason, they spend up to 3 hours per day collecting water with frequent trips and long queues at water points)
65-75% of respondents said women are responsible for hygiene and for cleaning water jars and around the well area.
TONLE SAP RURAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION SECTOR PROJECT(ADB GRANT 0018-CAM)
8/3/2019 Cambodia Experiences on Gender Mainstreaming in the Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector
5/17
Gender Action PlanOutput Gender Targets as per Project Design and Monitoring Framework
Communitymobilization
25% of NGO staff will be female
40% of WSUG board members to be female
At least 40% of sanitation & hygiene training participants to be male
Water supply
improvements
Consider womens needs in access to water points, child safety, and operation of hand
pumps before construction50% of O&M training participants to be female
Sanitationimprovements
Review specific considerations that affect females (e.g. separate public toilet blocks forwomen)
Capacity building andinstitutional support
Gender training for MRD staff at all levels
At least 30% training participants female
Sex-disaggregated dataProject guidelines on gender mainstreaming
ImplementationArrangements
Chair of MRDs Gender Working Group to sit on steering committee
At least 2 GWG members in PMU
6pm international gender & social development consultant, 10pm national communitydevelopment specialist
TONLE SAP RURAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION SECTOR PROJECT(ADB GRANT 0018-CAM)
8/3/2019 Cambodia Experiences on Gender Mainstreaming in the Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector
6/17
6
Gender ActionsFor Output A
Community Mobilization Gender balance participation in Project
Awareness Promotion Campaigns
Womens concerns are considered in the
selection of sub-projects Womens major role in technology choices
and preparation of village water supply andsanitation plans
25% of NGO staff will be female
40% of WSUG board members to be female
At least 40% of sanitation and hygienetraining participants to be male.
TONLE SAP RURAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION SECTOR PROJECT(ADB GRANT 0018-CAM)
8/3/2019 Cambodia Experiences on Gender Mainstreaming in the Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector
7/177
Gender ActionsFor Output B
Water Supply Improvement Women participate in the technology choice and
technical assessment process
Women are main users, and designs criteriainclude women-friendly principles (e.g., womensneeds in access to water points, education onchild safety, and training on operation of handpumps before construction)
50% of O&M training participants are women andone woman and one man appointed for hand
pump caretakers Women participate in construction works
Women participate in the financial management ofthe Water System O&M
TONLE SAP RURAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION SECTOR PROJECT(ADB GRANT 0018-CAM)
8/3/2019 Cambodia Experiences on Gender Mainstreaming in the Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector
8/178
Gender ActionsFor Output C
Sanitation Improvement Consider women's specific needs:
Separate public toilet blocks for women
Safety, privacy and convenience
Both men and women participate in Water use and
hygiene improvement trainings, and messages aredesigned for both sexes
Implement informed choice to fit individualrequirements and financial affordable levels
Husband and Wife together chose Household Latrine
Types Women together participate in latrine construction
works
Women are trained in O&M of household latrines
TONLE SAP RURAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION SECTOR PROJECT(ADB GRANT 0018-CAM)
8/3/2019 Cambodia Experiences on Gender Mainstreaming in the Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector
9/179
Gender ActionsFor Output DCapacity Building and
Institutional Support Gender training for MRD/PDRD project staffs
at all levels
At least 30% training participants female
M&E and MIS system includes sex-disaggregated data
Project guidelines on gender mainstreaming
Gender mainstreaming principles areintegrated in the RWSS policy strategy
framework Gender aspects are indicated in the capacity
development training for WSUGs andcommunity leaders (WSUG Handbooks)
TONLE SAP RURAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION SECTOR PROJECT(ADB GRANT 0018-CAM)
8/3/2019 Cambodia Experiences on Gender Mainstreaming in the Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector
10/1710
Gender ActionsFor Output EProject Implementation
Arrangements Chair of MRDs Gender Working Group (GWG) to sit on
project steering committee
At least 2 GWG members in PMU (one Gender Officer;one for Health & Hygiene Education, and each PIU hasa staff responsible for gender activities.
At least one member of the female commune councilmember cooperate and oversee the Projects Gender
Action Plan implementation at the community level.
6 person-months of international gender & socialdevelopment consultant, 10 person-months of nationalcommunity development specialist.
Gender assurances (targets) included in the ProjectReports
TONLE SAP RURAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION SECTOR PROJECT(ADB GRANT 0018-CAM)
8/3/2019 Cambodia Experiences on Gender Mainstreaming in the Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector
11/1711
Gender MainstreamingAchievements
505,840 people have access to safe water(out of which, 51% are female populations)
225,000 people have a hygienic latrine
Gender mainstreaming and Gender ActionPlans included in the village engagementprocess
7 out 20 NGO staff was women (35%)
Womens active participation in planning,technology choice, WUHE and O&Mactivities in water supply and sanitation
TONLE SAP RURAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION SECTOR PROJECT(ADB GRANT 0018-CAM)
8/3/2019 Cambodia Experiences on Gender Mainstreaming in the Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector
12/17
12
Gender MainstreamingAchievements
Encourage womens active participation inmanagement In 5,452 WSUGs, 44% ofmembers are women (12,273 women among28,402 members)
Encourage mens participation in health andhygiene education- 56% (6,234 men among
11,166 ) are male participants
About 39% of participants trained in O&Mwere women (4,734 women among 18,741participants).
40% women (11,269) among 27,799technical training participants
Gender monitoring indicators in ProjectPerformance Monitoring Systems
TONLE SAP RURAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION SECTOR PROJECT(ADB GRANT 0018-CAM)
8/3/2019 Cambodia Experiences on Gender Mainstreaming in the Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector
13/17
13
Gender Mainstreaming Achievements
Reduced transportation time and labor for water collection
Sufficient water for domestic use and personal hygiene practices
Reduced water and sanitation related diseases in the family and reducedhealth care costs
More productive time and healthy conditions for income-generationactivities and family care
Better social safety and convenience through having reliable water pointsclose their homes (within 150 meters) and household latrines
Increased influence in the decision making process for RWSS planningand construction through active participation in the WSUG Boards andcommunity construction teams
TONLE SAP RURAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION SECTOR PROJECT(ADB GRANT 0018-CAM)
8/3/2019 Cambodia Experiences on Gender Mainstreaming in the Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector
14/17
14
Issues and Challenges of
Gender Mainstreaming
Illiteracy is high among rural women
Strong traditional norms that assign higher status to men
Traditional gender roles
Limited time for womens participation due to householdwork
Married women are reluctant to take responsibilities forthe Organization Management together with men
Women hesitate to express their ideas against mensdecisions and ideas
TONLE SAP RURAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION SECTOR PROJECT(ADB GRANT 0018-CAM)
8/3/2019 Cambodia Experiences on Gender Mainstreaming in the Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector
15/17
Lessons Learned
Gender requirements in DMF with specific targets bycomponents help project teams focus on gender results duringproject implementation.
Gender Action Plan integrated into the Village Engagement Planwith specific actions for gender help project staff and community
leaders with better understanding of gender issues
With the gender mainstreaming guidelines supported by MRDand MOWA, the project teams had a clear vision on NationalGender Strategy and were able to link up RWSS Sector strategy
with the National strategy Gender Working Group (GWG/MRD) involvements in the Project
management teams helped ensure gender focus activities andencouraged womens active participation in project activities
15
8/3/2019 Cambodia Experiences on Gender Mainstreaming in the Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector
16/17
RWSSP-2 Gender Actions RWSSP-2 includes a Gender Action Plan with specific targets
based on the TSRWSSP experiences and lessons RWSSP-2 Gender Targets
50% of village/commune focal persons are women
50% of Water Point Caretakers are women
40% of WSUG Board members will be women
At least 40% of women and 20% of men will be included in ofawareness and behavioral change training
At least 40% of all hygiene and sanitation education participants aremale
At least 40% of M&E training participants at village levels are female 50% of CD and Sanitation staffs of PCU and PPTs are women
At least 1 out of 3 NGO persons placed in each PPT will be women
Commune-base small groups have at least 60% femalerepresentatives
16
SS
8/3/2019 Cambodia Experiences on Gender Mainstreaming in the Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector
17/17
17 THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION
Womens Active Participation in RWSS Program ensure that
Womens Concerns are Properly Addressed
For Household Water Security and Family Health Improvements