Canalis® busbar trunking systems inexhibition centres
Technical application specifications
Technical collection
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Technical application specifications
Contents
Introduction 4Definition 5Operatingmodeandrelatedneeds 5Exampleofaninternational-typeexhibitioncentre 5
Installation linked to the distribution of electricity to stands General principle 6Architectureoftypicaldistribution 6Standoutgoingfeeders:standardandspecialwiring 8Financialoptimizationofsolutions 10Protectionchoices 12Billingenergyandmetering 14Typical solutions 15Introduction 15TypicalsolutionA:Distributionthroughtheceiling 16MainandsecondarydistributionusingBTS 17
TypicalsolutionB1:Mixeddistribution 18MaindistributionusingBTSthroughtheceiling+floor-standingenclosures 19
TypicalsolutionB2:Mixeddistribution 20MaindistributionusingBTS+floor-standingenclosuresandboxeswithpowersockets 21
TypicalsolutionC:Distributionthroughthefloor 22DistributionusingBTSincableducts 23
TypicalsolutionD1:Distributionthroughthefloor 24MaindistributionusingBTSingalleries+mobilelinksincableducts 25
TypicalsolutionD2:Distributionthroughthefloor 26MaindistributionusingBTSingalleries+floor-standingboxeswithpowersockets 27
TypicalsolutionD3:Distributionthroughthefloor 28MaindistributioningalleriesandsecondarydistributionusingBTSincableducts 29
Managingthedistributionofelectricitytostands 32Control-monitoringsystemusingbus 32
Installation linked to lighting distribution and management 34Needsandoperatingmodes 34Lightinginstallation 35LightingmanagementusingDALI 37
Appendix 39Appendix1:Financialoptimisationofsolutions 39Methodologyandexamplefordeterminingtheratingforstandardloads 39
References 42Canalisinstallationsontheexhibitgrounds 42
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Technical application specifications
Introduction
Typical organisation of an exhibition hall
Exhibition hall
WalkwayIsland(orstandzone)
Walkw
ayA
Walkw
ayB
Walkw
ayC
Walkw
ayD
Access
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Technical application specifications
Introduction
Definition b Exhibitioncentresarestructureswithvariablesurfaceareasthatwecandivideinto3categories:v Regionalexhibitioncentreswithindoorfloorspace<20,000m2
v Nationalexhibitioncentreswithindoorfloorspace<100,000m2
v Internationalexhibitioncentreswithindoorfloorspace>100,000m2
b An"exhibitioncentre"generallyincludesseveralbuildings,eachofwhichcanbedividedintohalls.Theseindoorareasareoftensupplementedwithoutdoorareas,whicharealsousedforsomeexhibitions,especiallyexhibitionsinvolvingheavy-dutyequipmentsuchasmachinesandmaterialsusedforconstructionwork.b Thebuildingshaveasimplestructureandare,moreoftenthennot,builtononelevelwithfreefloorspacetoallowforstandstobeeasilysetup.
Operating mode and related needsUpgradeability and flexibilityEachnewexhibitionseesthecreationofanewtownwhichisdifferentfromthepreviousone,atownwhichlivesbrieflyandintensivelyandthendisappears.Itisthereforeessentialthatthesolutionssetupforexhibitorsareupgradeableandflexibleinordertodealwiththisvarietyofsituationsandthecontinuousmodificationswhichtakeplace.
Easy to operateUpgradeabilityandflexibilitymustnotbeobtainedattheexpenseofsimplicity.Easyoperationmeansthat:b "deadtime"betweenexhibitions,whenthestandsaredismantledandinstalled,isreduced,b exhibitorscanbeofferedqualityserviceatalowercost.
Safety, continuity of supply and compliance with standardsExhibitionhallsare,bydefinition,buildingswhichareopentothepublic.Safetyandelectricitycontinuityofelectricalsupplyarethereforefundamental.Thisisensuredthroughcompliancewithstandards,internationalstandardssuchasIEC364and/ornationalstandardswhichcoverbuildings’electricalinstallations,whichmaybesupplementedwithspecialtextsdealingwiththistypeofpremises,forexampletheBOPregulation"protectionagainstfireandpanicrisksinbuildingsopentothepublic"forFrance.
VersatilityConcernaboutmaximisingthepremises’occupancyrateleadsoperatingcompaniestoaccommodateotheractivities(culturalandsportingevents,conferences,exams,etc.)inadditiontotheirmainfunctionoforganisingandaccommodatingfairsandexhibitions.Thisversatilitymustbetakenintoaccountwhenthepremisesarebeingdesigned.
Example of an international-type exhibition centre"Paris-NordVillepinte"exhibitioncentre:b indoorfloorspace:160,000m2,b numberofhalls:6,b 40fairsperyear,b 16,500exhibitorsperyear,b 1,000,000visitorsperyear.
Inordertomeetalloftheseexpectations,SchneideroffersglobalsolutionsbasedontheconceptofdecentraliseddistributionusingBTS(BusbarTrunkingSystem).
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Technical application specifications
Installation linked to the distribution of electricity to stands General principle
Architecture of typical distribution
*BTS: Busbar Trunking System
Permanentfixedinstallation
Temporarymobileinstallation
StandInstallation
StandFeeder
MobileLink
Exhibitor’stap-offunit
Operator’sresponsibility
Exhibitor’sresponsibility
Maindistribution(BTS)* Secondary
distribution(BTS)*
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Technical application specifications
Installation linked to the distribution of electricity to stands General principle
Whateverthetypeofsolutionisusedforthedistributionofelectricitytostands,theinstallationstructurehas2differentparts(seepreviousfigure):
Fixed permanent installationThefixedpartoftheinstallationensuresthedistributionofenergyascloseaspossibletowhereitisneeded(supplyingexhibitor’sstands).Itmustbesizedtomeetthevarioussituationswhichcouldarisedependingontheexhibitiontype.
b standfloorspace:10to400m2ormoreb densityofconnections:5to100for1,000m2
b mediumpower:20to150W/m2
b powerperstand:2kWto250kW.
Thefixedpartoftheinstallationincludesmaindistributionsupplemented,dependingonthesolutionssetup,withsecondarydistribution.Bothmaindistributionandsecondarydistributionarecarriedoutusingprefabricatedbusbartrunking.
Temporary mobile installationThemobileinstallationallowsfortheexhibitor’sstandtobeconnectedtothefixedmainorsecondarydistribution.Allorpartofthissystemisthereforereconfiguredbetweenexhibitions.Inordertosimplifythisreconfiguration,mobilelinksmustbeofaminimumlength.
Thisminimumlengthalsomeansthat:b voltagedropscanbereduced,b protectionagainstindirectcontactthroughtheTNSneutralpointconnectioncanbeensuredthankstothecontrolofthefaultloopimpedance.
Thelengthofthiscablingisdirectlydependentonthedensityofthefixeddistributionnetwork.
Theconnectionleadstoanexhibitor’sunitfixedtothestand.Thisunitdefinestheboundarybetweentheinstallationwhichistheresponsibilityoftheoperatingcompanyandthatwhichistheresponsiblilityoftheexhibitor.
Theunitcontainsprotectionusingacircuitbreakerequippedwitharesidualcurrentdevice:b Inratedcircuitbreakerdependingonthepowerrequestedbytheexhibitor.b IΔncircuitbreakeradaptedtothestand’sinstallation:v 30mAhighsensitivityforsmallstands,v 300mAormorelowtime-delayedsensitivity,forlargestands.
Itisuptotheexhibitortosupplementthesystemwiththeappropriateprotection.
Inordertoguaranteethatthesolutionssetupcomplywithinstallationrules,theoperatinglimits,aswellasthetechnicaldataforthedifferentpartsusedinthetemporarymobileinstallationmustbeclearlydefined:b Typeandratingoftheprotection.b Min.cross-sectionandmax.lengthofcablesusedformobilelinks.
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Technical application specifications
Installation linked to the distribution of electricity to stands General principle
Stand out going feeders: standard and special out going feedersWhetherthe"standfeeder"belongstothefixedinstallationormobileinstallationdependsonthesolutionused.
Out going feeders connected to the fixed installation
Severaloutgoingfeedersaregroupedtogetherinoneenclosure.Thisenclosureiseitherlocatedonthehallfloor,orintheadjoiningpremises(technicalgaleryinthehallbasementforexample).Thecablingofthemobilelinkiscarriedoutthroughpowersockets.Thesesocketsaresituatedonthesamelevelastheenclosureormovedascloseaspossibletothestandsin"floorsocketboxes"inbeddedintheflooring.Forcurrents≥32A,thesesocketsshouldbeofthetypewithabuilt-inswitchallowingforabreakincurrentonload.Supplyingthestandswithcurrentfrompowersocketsisasolutionforthevastmajorityofcasesatdifferentexhibitions.Asolutionfor"specialoutgoingfeeders",aimedatsupplyingcurrenttohighpowerstands,isnecessarytosupplementthese"standardoutgoingfeeders".Thebest-adaptedsolutiontomeetthisneedconsistsinsupplyingthe"standardoutgoingfeeder"unitsusingprefabricatedbusbartrunking.The"specialoutgoingfeeders"arethereforesetupwithtap-offunitswhichcanbedirectlypluggedintothebusbartrunking.
Seechapter3fortypicalsolutionsB1,B2andD2,wherestandardoutgoingfeedersareincludedinthefixedinstallation.
MaindistributionusingBTS
BTSunit
Fixedoutgoingfeederenclosures
Mobilelinkstoexhibitor’sstand
Remote"floorsocketboxes"
Mobilelink
Specialoutgoingfeeders
Standardoutgoingfeeders
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Technical application specifications
Installation linked to the distribution of electricity to stands General principle
Out going feeders connected to the mobile installation
Thistypeofoutgoingfeederisbasedonunitswhichcanbepluggeddirectlyintotheprefabricatedbusbartrunking.Thissolutionisthereforeveryflexiblesincethepoweranddensityofeachoutgoingfeedercanbeadaptedtotherealneedsofeachexhibition.Nevertheless,itispreferabletodefineaunitratingfor"standardoutgoingfeeders"inordertominimisethevarietyofunits,thecorrespondingamountofstockandhandlingtimebetweeneachexhibition.Someofthese"standardoutgoingfeeder"unitsarepreinstalledonthebusbartrunking.
Seechapter3fortypicalsolutionsA,C,D1andD3,wherethestandardoutgoingfeedersarepartofthemobileinstallation.
MaindistributionusingBTS
Specialoutgoingfeeders
Standardoutgoingfeeders
SecondarydistributionusingBTS
Standardoutgoingfeeders
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Technical application specifications
Installation linked to the distribution of electricity to stands General principle
Financial optimisation of solutionsWhateverthesolutionchosen,whetheritbestandoutgoingfeedersattachedtothefixedormobileinstallation,thechoiceswhichdefinethedensityanddimensionsintermsofratingofthestandardoutgoingfeedersareessentialtominimisethetotalcostoftheinstallation.
Total cost = Investment cost + Operating cost
Density of standard out going feedersThedistributionofstandardoutgoingfeedersisuniformforthewholehallandtheirdensityisdetermineddependingonthedensityplannedfortheexhibitor’sstands.
Out going feeders connected to the fixed installationThestands’maximumdensityistakenintoaccount.E.g.:Minimumsizeofastandis3mx3m,or1standardoutgoingfeeder/9m2.
Out going feeders connected to the mobile installation, units on prefabricated busbar trunkingTheirdensityisdeterminedaccordingtothestands’averagefloorspace.E.g.:Minimumsizeofastandis3mx3m,buttheaveragefloorspaceis30m2,or1unitinstalled/30m2.
Ateachexhibition,theyaresupplementedeitherwithstandardtap-offunitsorspecialunitswithahigherrating.Thissolutionthereforemeansthatthenumberofunits,bothunitsinstalledandunitsinstock,andtheinvestmentcostsinvolved,canbereduced.
Determining the rating of standard out going feedersTotal cost of an operating cycle
Under-ratingstandardoutgoingfeedersminimisesinvestment,giventhatexpenditureontheunitsisreduced,butincreasestheamountofspecialcablingandthusincreasingoperatingcostsresultingfromthenumerouschangeswhichneedtobemadeforeachexhibition.Ontheotherhand,over-ratingmaximisesinvestmentwithoutthisnecessarilyleadingtoareductioninoperatingcosts.
Financialanalysiscarriedoutonthebasisoftheprevisionaldatafortheoperationofpremisesallowsfortheoptimumdensityandratingofstandardoutgoingfeederscanbedetermined.Anexampleofthisfinancialanalysisisavailableinappendix1:b Financialoptimizationofsolutions.b Methodologyandexamplefordeterminingtheratingofstandardoutgoingfeeders.
Totalcost
Investmentcost
Operatingcost
Ratingofstandardfeeder
Totalcostofanoperatingcycle
Outgoingfeederrating
2kW 250kW
Minimumcost
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Technical application specifications
Installation linked to the distribution of electricity to stands General principle
Chaining stand tap-off units for low power out going feedersChaining
Smallstandswhichdonotneedalargeamountofpoweraregenerallygroupedinzones,whichthereforegivesthemahighdensity.Inordertolimitthenumberofstandardoutgoingfeedersandmobileconnections,exhibitor’sunitsareconnectedinachain.Astandard3Ph+Noutgoingfeederthussupplies3standsinsingle-phase.
Exhibitors’units
Mainorsecondarydistribution(KSorKN)
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Technical application specifications
Installation linked to the distribution of electricity to stands General principle
Choice of protectionProtection
Discrimination, overload and short-circuit
Discrimination(overloadandS.C)
Ipsc(Presumedshort-circuitcurrent)
If(Faultcurrent)
Standoutgoingfeeder
Mobilelink
Exhibitor’sunit
(KN)TNS TT
(A)
(B)
I∆n(B) I∆n(B)
(A)
(B)
I∆n(A)
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Technical application specifications
Installation linked to the distribution of electricity to stands General principle
Therespectivetypesandratingsoftheprotection(A)oftheconnectionandofthecircuitbreaker(B)mustensurethefollowing:
Circuit breaker (A)b Protectthelinkagainstshort-circuits.b Ensureprotectionagainstindirectcontactinaccordeancewiththeearthingsystemdecideduponfortheinstallation.
TNS neutral point connection
Irm (A) < If
ThehighertheId,theeasieritistorespectthiscondition.Iddependsontheimpedanceofthefaultloopor:b theupstreamshort-circuitlevelIpsc.ThedistributedsolutionusingBTSisthemostappropriateformeetingthisconditiongivenitslowPh-PEimpedance.b thecontrolofthetemporarymobilelink’sPh-PEimpedanceandthereforeitsminimumlengthand/orlargecross-section.Ifthisconditionisnotmet,thecircuitbreaker(A)shouldbeequippedwithanRCD(Residualcurrentdevice).
TT neutral point connectionProtectionagainstindirectcontactisensuredbyanRCDcombinedwithacircuitbreaker(A).
Circuit breakers (A) and (B)b Toguaranteediscrimination(overloadandshort-circuit)betweencircuitbreakersAandB.Inthecaseofafaultoroverloadonthestand,onlycircuitbreaker(B)isaccessiblebytheexhibitorandcircuitbreaker(A)canonlyberesetbytheoperator.
TT neutral point connectionDiscriminationbetweenRCDsmustalsobeensuredaswellasthecircuitbreakers’overloadandshort-circuitdiscrimination.Thisiscarriedoutthroughcompliancewiththefollowing2rules:b current-sensingdiscrimination:I∆n(A)>2xI∆n(B)(upstreamRCD(A)settingthreshold>2timeslargerthandownstreamRCD(B)settingthreshold),b timeddiscrimination:Tnf(A)>Ttc(B)(upstreamRCD(A)non-trippingtime>downstreamRCD(B)breakingtime).
ForMerlinGerincircuitbreakers,thisconditionismetbyusingsuccessivebandswhichguaranteethetimeddiscriminationbetweenthem.Band0(instantaneous)–bandI–bandII.
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Technical application specifications
Installation linked to the distribution of electricity to stands General principle
Billing energy and meteringTheamountforwhichtheexhibitorisbilledincludestheenergyconsumedaswellasthecontractpriceforelectricalconnectiontothestand(connectionanddisconnection).
Thesystemwhichallowsthemeasurementofconsumptionaswellasitsadministrativemanagementshouldbe:b economicalininvestmenttermsaswellasintermsofoperatingandadministrativecostsb flexiblebecauseiftheexhibitorhasunder-estimatedthepowerneeded,theoutgoingfeederratingneedstobeincreasedwithouthavingtointerveneonthemobilesection,whichisinaccessibleduringoperation.
Thereare3possiblesolutions:b Billinginrealtermsforthepowerconsumed.Thischoiceinvolvesplacingameteroneachoutgoingfeeder,readingdataonthemeterattheendoftheexhibitionandthecorrespondingbilling.Thissolutionisthereforeveryheavy,bothintermsofinvestmentandoperation.Itisthusonlyjustifiedforhighpowerconnections.b Billingonthebasisofacontracttariffwhichincludesseveralpricebracketsdeterminedaccordingtothepoweroftheconnections.Thesebracketsaredividedintotwopossibilitiesofferedtotheexhibitor:apermanentconnection(thestandissupplied24hoursaday)oranon-permanentconnection(thestandisonlysuppliedwhenopentothepublic).Thistypeofbillingissimpleandisparticularlyusefulforsmall,"regionalcentre"typesites,wherethepowerofconnectionsislimited.b Mixedsolution:Amixedsolution,whichisbettersuitedtohighpowerconnections,ispreferableforlargersites.Thisrepresentsacompromisebetweenthetwoprecedingsolutions:v contractbillingisreservedforlowpowerconnections,v billinginrealtermsisusedforhigherpowerconnections.
An example of the set up is available in chapter 3, "Distribution management" (page 32).
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Technical application specifications
Installation linked to the distribution of electricity to stands Typical solutions
IntroductionThemostcommonsolutionsusedforthedistributionofelectricitytostands(pages16to31)aswellasacontrol-monitoringsystemformanagingthedistribution(pages32and33)arepresentedinthischapter.
The choice of the best-suited solution depends on:b The building type–thefloorspaceinthehalls,ground-floorhalloronaparticularfloor,etc.b The type of exhibitions which will be organised–thestands’floorspace,themaximumamountofstandswhichcanbesetup,poweroftheconnectionsandtotalpowerneeded,otheramenitiesdistributed,etc.b The other activities which could be accommodated.
Thetablebelowprovidesanoverviewofthetypicalsolutionspresented.
Typicalsolution
Description Hall floor space Pav/m2
Infrastructures
Ap.16
Distribution through the ceilingMainandsecondarydistributionusingBTS
2,000 to 4,000 m2
≤50W/m2Nospecialinfrastructures
B1p.18
Mixed distributionMaindistributionusingBTSthroughtheceiling+floor-standingenclosures
3,000 to 5,000 m2
≤80W/m2Nospecialinfrastructures
B2p.20
Mixed distributionMaindistributionusingBTSthroughtheceiling+floor-standingenclosuresandboxeswithpowersocket
4,000 to 8,000 m2
≤120W/m2Nospecialinfrastructures
Cp.22
Distribution through the floorDistributionusingBTSinfloorserviceducts
4,000 to 6,000 m2
≤80W/m2Floorserviceducts
D1p.24
Distribution through the floorMaindistributionusingBTSingalleries+mobilelinksinfloorserviceducts
6,000 to 10,000 m2
≤120W/m2Gallery+floorserviceducts
D2p.26
Distribution through the floorMaindistributionusingBTSingalleries+floor-standingboxeswithpowersockets
8,000 to 12,000 m2
≤150W/m2Gallery+floorserviceducts
D3p.28
Distribution through the ceilingMaindistributioningalleriesandsecondarydistributionusingBTSinfloorserviceducts
8,000 to 12,000 m2
≤200W/m2Gallery+floorserviceducts
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Technical application specifications
Installation linked to the distribution of electricity to stands Typical solutions
Typical solution A: Distribution through the ceilingMain and secondary distributions using BTS
Fixed installation:1 Main distribution KS BTS2 Secondary distribution KN BTS
Mobile installation:3 Standard out going feeder on KN4 Special out going feeder on KS5 Chaining
Main distribution KS BTS
Secondary distribution KN BTS
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Technical application specifications
Installation linked to the distribution of electricity to stands Typical solutions
BTS main and secondary distributionsDescriptionFixed installation2distributionlevelsmeansthattheentirehallcanbecovered:b Maindistributionsetupusingmedium-powerKSA250Aor400Abusbartrunking.Thisbusbartrunkingisusuallysetuparoundthehall’sperimeter.b SecondarydistributionsetupwithlowpowerKNA63Aor100Abusbartrunking.Thisbusbartrunkingissetupoverthestandareasandfixedtothebuilding’sframework.
Mobile installationStandoutgoingfeedersareunitswhichcanbepluggedintoCanalisruns.Standard out going feedershavearatingof1x16A+N(3kW)or3x16A+N(9kW)andcanbechainedtosupply3stands.Special out going feedersareforpower≤to20kWsuppliedfromKNCanalisrunsandKN3x32A+N(18kW)units.Forhigherpower,theseoutgoingfeedersaredirectlyconnectedontothemainKSAdistribution.TworatingsofKSA(3x63A+Nand3x125A+N)unitsaregenerallyenoughtomeettheneedsofspecialhighpowerconnections.
Example: b Hallsize:100mx30m(Lxl)or3,000m2.b Max.power:40W/m2or120kWforthewholehall.b Standfloorspace:min.9m2(3mx3m),average20m2.b Maindistribution:1KSA250Arun.b Secondarydistribution:10KNrunswitharatingof63A,withafixingcentreof9mbetweeneachrun.Thisdistancecorrespondsto2back-to-backstands(6m)plusthewidthofawalkway(3m).
ThemaximumfusingcoefficientbetweenKNrunsis0.35.
Advantages and disadvantagesb Thissolutionissimpleandeconomical.Theothernetworks,amenitiesandweakcurrentssuchascompressedairandthetelephonearedistributedinasimilarwaytoelectricalpower.Thissolution,whichdoesnotneedaspecialinfrastructure,issuitableforground-floorhallsaswellashallsonspecificfloors.b Theheightofthesecondarydistributionnetworkislimitedto4to5metrestomakeiteasiertoaccesstheunits,whichrulesthissolutionoutforhallswithveryhighceilings.Thisisoftenthecasewhenhallsarealsousedassportsgrounds.SolutionsB1andB2arepreferableinthiscase.b Ifadistributionnetworkfordrinkingwaterandanetworktodrainwastewaterarenecessary,theymustbedealtwithseparatelyandarethereforeintegratedintothehallflooring.
Thissolutionisbestsuitedtoregional-typeexhibitioncentreswithhallfloorspaceofbetween2,000and4,000m2anddistributedpower≤50W/m2.
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Technical application specifications
Installation linked to the distribution of electricity to stands Typical solutions
Typical solution B1: Mixed distributionMain distribution using BTS through the ceiling + floor-standing enclosures
Fixed installation:1 Main distribution KS BTS2 Floor-standing enclosure
Mobile installation:3 Standard out going feeder from
the enclosure4 Special out going feeder on KS5 Chaining
Main distribution (KS BTS)
Floor-connection units
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Technical application specifications
Installation linked to the distribution of electricity to stands Typical solutions
Main distribution using BTS through the ceiling + floor-standing enclosuresDescriptionFixed installationThefixedpartoftheelectricaldistributionincludes:b MaindistributioncarriedoutwithmediumpowerKSA250Ato630Abusbartrunking.Thisbusbartrunkingisgenerallysetuparoundthehall.b Enclosureswhichareconnectedtothemaindistributionandsetupinthefloor.Theseenclosuresareequippedwithprotectionsandpowersocketsforsupplyingstandard out going feeders.Eachenclosuresupplies8to12outgoingfeeders.Alloftheseoutgoingfeedershavethesamerating,3x25A+Nto3x63A+N,dependingontheindividualcaseinquestion.Iftheratingoftheoutgoingfeedersishigherthan32A,thesocketsshouldbeofthebuilt-inswitchtypeandshouldallowtheoutgoingfeedertobeswitchedoffonload.
Mobile installationChainingissystematicallyusedforthecablingoflowpowerstandsinordertominimisethenumberofstandard out going feedersandthereforethenumberofenclosures.Special out going feedersaredirectlyconnectedtothemainKSAdistributioninthecaseofpowerwhichishigherthantheratingofthestandardoutgoingfeeders.
Example: b Hallsize:80mx50m(Lxl)or4,000m2.b Max.power:80W/m2or320kWforthewholehall.b Standfloorspace:min.9m2(3mx3m),average30m2.b Maindistribution:2KSA400Arunsofalengthof80msetuponbothsidesofthehall.b Floor-connectionunits:eight125AunitsperKSAruntosupplytheenclosureswithten3x25A+Noutgoingfeedersperenclosure.
Thatis,atotalof16floor-connectionunitsand16x10=160socketsavailableforstandardconnection,thusadensityof1socket/25m2.Thismeansthat,giventhepossibilityofchaining,whichallowsupto3smallstandstobeconnectedpersocket,themostdifficultcase,whereazoneonlyincludesstandswithaminimumsurfaceareaof9m2,canbedealtwith.
Advantages and disadvantagesb WhentheBTSandtheenclosuresaresetuparoundthehall,itcanbeusedasasportsgroundasindicatedwithtypicalsolutionAwithoutanyproblems.b Dependingonthehall’sfloorspaceandthedensityoftheenclosures,themobilelinksmaybelong.Thesettingup,layingandremovalofthetemporarymobileinstallationateachexhibitioncanthenbecomeadifficultoperation.
Thissolutionisbestsuitedtoregionalandnationaltypeexhibitioncentreswithhallfloorspacebetween3,000and5,000m2anddistributedpower≤80W/m2.Itisalsoadaptedforhallslocatedonparticularfloors.
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Technical application specifications
Installation linked to the distribution of electricity to stands Typical solutions
Typical solution B2: Mixed distributionMain distribution using BTS through the ceiling + enclosure + floor-standing boxes with power sockets
Fixed installation:1 KT/KS BTS2 Floor-standing enclosure3 Cable in tubing4 Floor power socket boxes
Mobile installation:5 Standard out going feeder on socket6 Special out going feeder on KS7 Chaining
Main distribution (KT/KS BTS)
Enclosures
Floor power socket boxes
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Technical application specifications
Installation linked to the distribution of electricity to stands Typical solutions
Main distribution using BTS + floor-standing enclosures and boxes with power socketsDescriptionFixed installationThefixedpartoftheelectricaldistributionincludes:b MaindistributionsetupwithmediumpowerKSA400Ato800AorhighpowerKTA1000Ato1600Abusbartrunking.Thisbusbartrunkingisgenerallysetuparoundthehall’sperimeter.b Enclosuresconnectedtothemaindistributionandsetupinthefloor.Theseenclosuresareequippedwithprotectionsforstandardoutgoingfeederssupply.b Floor-standingboxes,distributedthroughoutthehallandequippedwithpowersockets,with2to4powersocketsperbox.Alloftheseoutgoingfeedershavethesamerating,between3x25A+Nand3x63A+Ndependingonthecaseinquestion.Theenclosuresandboxesarelinkedbycableintubingimbeddedintotheflooring.Eachenclosuresupplies4to8boxesorsome20powersockets.
Temporary mobile installationChainingissystematicallyusedforthecablingoflowpowerstandsinordertominimisethenumberofstandardoutgoingfeedersandthereforethenumberofenclosures.SpecialoutgoingfeedersaredirectlyconnectedtothemainKSAorKTdistributionwhenthepowerishigherthantheratingofstandardoutgoingfeeders.
Example: b Hallsize:100mx60m(Lxl)or6,000m2.b Max.power:120W/m2or720kWforthewholehall.b Standfloorspace:min.9m2(3mx3m),average40m2.b Maindistribution:twoKSA800Arunsofalengthof100msetuponbothsidesofthehall.b Enclosures:five250AunitsperKSAruntosupplytheenclosures,twentyfour3x45A+Noutgoingfeedersperenclosurefor6floorstanding,4-socketboxeswithalaminationcoefficientof0.2.
Thatis,atotalof10enclosuresand24x10=240socketsavailableforstandardconnections,thusadensityof1socket/25m2.Thismeansthat,giventhepossibilityofchaining,whichallowsupto3smallstandstobeconnectedpersocket,themostdifficultcases,whereazoneonlyincludesstandswithaminimumsurfaceareaof9m2,canbedealtwith.
Advantages and disadvantagesb ThissolutionissimilartosolutionB1.However,incorporatingfloor-standingboxeswithpowersocketsmeansthatstandardoutgoingfeederscanbeplacedclosertostandsandthereforelimitsthelengthofmobilecabling.b Alargernumberofoutgoingfeederscanbeconnectedtoeachenclosure,whichthereforereducesthenumberoftheseenclosuresandthespacethattheyoccupyonthefloor.b Mobilelinksremainlongforspecialoutgoingfeeders,especiallysincethistypeofstandisoftenplacedinthecentralpartofthehall.Thesolutionconsistsofreducingthequantityofspecialoutgoingfeedersbyincreasingtheratingofstandardoutgoingfeeders,asolutionwhichisquicklylimitedgiventheincreasedinvestmentwhichitentails.
Thissolution,whichisavariationonsolutionB1,isbestsuitedfornationalandinternationaltypeexhibitioncentreswithhallfloorspacebetween4,000and8,000m2anddistributedpower≤120W/m2.Itisalsoadaptedforhallslocatedonparticularfloors.
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Technical application specifications
Installation linked to the distribution of electricity to stands Typical solutions
Typical solution C: Distribution through the floorMain distribution using BTS in-floor service ducts
A In-floor service duct
Fixed installation:1 Main distribution (KT/KS BTS)2 Secondary distribution (KS BTS)
Mobile installation:3 Standard out going feeder4 Special out going feeder5 Chaining
Distribution in in-floor service ducts (KS BTS)
In-floor service duct
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Technical application specifications
Installation linked to the distribution of electricity to stands Typical solutions
Main distribution using BTS sets in-floor service ductsDescriptionInfrastructuresIn-floorserviceductsaresetupthroughoutthehallwithacentredistanceof6to8m.
Fixed installationThefixedpartoftheelectricaldistributionincludesdistributionusingKSA160Ato400Amediumpowerbusbartrunkingsetupinthein-floorserviceductswiththeothernetworksdistributed(telephone,computer,cleanandwastewater,compressedair,etc.).ItisagoodideatohaveseveralratingsofKSAbusbartrunkinginordertoallowtheconnectionofspecialhigh-poweroutgoingfeeders(seeexamplebelow).Thisbusbartrunkingissuppliedeitherdirectlybycablefromtheswitchboard,orfrommainKTorKSbusbartrunkingraisedaroundthehall’sperimeter.
Temporary mobile installationStandoutgoingfeedersareunitswhichcanbepluggedintoKSACanalisruns.Standardoutgoingfeedershavearatingof3x16A+N(10kW)to3x32A+N(20kW)withthepossibilityofusingchainingtosupply3stands.Specialoutgoingfeedershavearatingof3x32A+N,3x63A+Nand3x125A+N.TheratingofthespecialunitsislimitedbytheratingoftheKSAbusbartrunkingaswellasthespaceavailableforinstallingitinthein-floorserviceduct.
Example: b Hallsize:100mx50m(Lxl)or5,000m2.b Max.power:80W/m2or400kWforthewholehall.b Standfloorspace:min.9m2(3mx3m),average30m2.b Maindistribution:1KSA800Arunofalengthof100m.b Secondarydistribution:17KSArunsofalengthof45msetupin-floorserviceductswithacentredistanceof6m,13runsofaratingof100Aand4runs,or1runoutof4ofaratingof250A.b Standardoutgoingfeeders:3x25A+Nunits,1unitisinstalledevery5m,oroneunitfor30m2,whichcorrespondstotheaveragesurfaceareaofthestands.Standsareeithersuppliedusingchainingbetweenexhibitors’unitsorbycompletingtheexistingunitswithadditionalunitsinhigh-densityzones.Theratingoftheseunitscanthenbelimitedto1x25A+N.
Advantages and disadvantagesb Thedensityofsecondarydistributionreducesthelengthoftemporarymobilecabling.TheflexibilitybroughtbydecentraliseddistributionusingBTSmeansthatthebestsolutioncanbefoundforthedifferentsituationsencountered,suchashighdensityofsmallstandsandhighpowerconnections,whileminimisinginvestment.b Discriminationbetweenprotectionofthestandoutgoingfeedersandtheexhibitor’sunit(seepages12and13)ismandatorygiventhedifficultyofaccessingin-floorserviceductsduringexhibitions.Thelimitofthissolutiondependsonthemaximumlengthallowedforthein-floorserviceducts,alimitwhichislinkedinparticulartothewaste-water-drainingnetwork.
Thissolutionisbestsuitedtoregionalandnationaltypeexhibitioncentreswithhallfloorspacebetween4,000and6,000m2anddistributedpower≤80W/m2.
KD0C00CTAFEEN24
Technical application specifications
Installation linked to the distribution of electricity to stands Typical solutions
Typical solutions D1: Distribution through the floorMain distribution using BTS in galleries, mobile links in-floor service ducts
A GalleryB In-floor service duct
Fixed installation:1 Main distribution (KS BTS)
Mobile installation:2 Mobile link using cable in-floor service duct3 Standard out going feeder4 Chaining
Main distribution (KT/KS BTS)
In-floor service duct
Gallery
KD0C00CTAFEEN 25
Technical application specifications
Installation linked to the distribution of electricity to stands Typical solutions
Main distribution using BTS in galleries + mobile links in in-floor service ductsDescriptionInfrastructuresTechnicalgalleriesarelocatedinthehall’sbasementandaresupplementedwithanetworkofin-floorserviceductssituatedonbothsidesofthegalleries(withacableductcentredistanceof6to8mandlengthof15to25m).Galleriesandin-floorserviceductsareusedforthedistributionofalloftheamenities.
Fixed installationThefixedpartoftheelectricaldistributionincludesmaindistributioncarriedoutthroughmediumorhighpowerKSAorKTABTSwitharatingof800Ato1,200Asetupingalleries.Whenthepossibilitiesofpermanentconnection(standssupplied24hoursaday)andnonpermanentconnection(supplyonlyduringopeninghourstothepublic),areofferedtotheexhibitor,thismaindistributionisdividedintotwo.Twoparallelbusbartrunkingsareinstalledinthegalleryandtheonewhichisreservedfornon-permanentconnectionsiscontrolledaccordingtothesite’sopeninghoursbytheBMS.
Temporary mobile installationStandoutgoingfeedersareunitswhichcanbepluggedintoKSAorKTACanalisruns.Standardoutgoingfeedershavearatingof3x32A+Nto3x63A+N.Specialoutgoingfeedershavearatingof3x63A+Nand3x250A+N.Themobilelinkstoexhibitors’unitsaresetupusingcable.Theyareinstalledin-floorserviceductsjustnearthestands.
Example: b Hallsize:100mx90m(Lxl)or9,000m2.b Max.power:100W/m2or900kWforthewholehall.b Standfloorspace:min.12m2(4mx3m),average40m2.b Infrastructure:2galleriesaresetupalongthesidesofthehall.Theyeachsupplyanetworkof2x17in-floorserviceducts,(length22m,centredistance6m)laidoutatequalanglesfromthegallery.b Maindistribution:2KSA630Arunsofalengthof100minstalledinaparallellineineachgallery.b Standardoutgoingfeeders:3x45A+Ntap-offunits,4unitsaswellastheircorrespondingmobilelinksarepre-installedforeachinfloorserviceduct,oroneunitper33m2.Thestandsaresuppliedthroughchainsbetweenexhibitors’unitsinhigh-densityzones.
Advantages and disadvantagesb Thistypeofinfrastructure,gallery+cableduct,givestheoperatoreasyaccesstoequipment.b Installationruleslimitthelengthoftemporarymobilecabling.Thisconstraintleadstoplansforin-floorserviceductswithalengthof22m,intheexampleaboveforamaximumlengthof30mandtherefore2galleriesforahallwidthof90m.Thislay-outsignificantlyincreasescostscomparedwithasinglegallerysolution(seeexampleofsolutionD3).b Fireregulationsgenerallydictatethatthereshouldbeafire-barrierpassagebetweenthegalleryandthecableduct.Thislay-outishighlyrestrictingwhenstandardorspecialoutgoingfeedersneedtobeaddedtothepre-installedoutgoingfeeders.Thisleadstothesystematicuseofchainingandtheover-ratingofstandardoutgoingfeedersinordertolimittheadditionofspecialoutgoingfeedersasmuchaspossible.
Thissolutionisbestsuitedtointernational-typeexhibitioncentreswithhallfloorspacebetween6,000and10,000m2anddistributedpower≤120W/m2.
KD0C00CTAFEEN26
Technical application specifications
Installation linked to the distribution of electricity to stands Typical solutions
Typical solution D2: Distribution through the floorMain distribution using BTS in galleries + floor-standing boxes with power sockets
A GalleryB In-floor service duct
Fixed installation:1 Main distribution KT/KS BTS2 Enclosure in gallery3 Cables in tubing4 Floor socket boxes
Mobile installation:5 Standard feeder on socket6 Special feeder on KS
Main distribution (KS BTS)
Enclosure
"Floor socket" box
In-floor service duct
Gallery
KD0C00CTAFEEN 27
Technical application specifications
Installation linked to the distribution of electricity to stands Typical solutions
Main distribution using BTS in galleries + floor-standing boxes with power socketsDescriptionInfrastructuresTechnicalgalleriesaresetupinthehall’sbasement.Theyaresupplementedwithanetworkof"in-floorserviceducts"locatedonbothsidesofthegallery(in-floorserviceductcentredistance6to8m,length15to25m).
Fixed installationThefixedpartoftheelectricaldistributionincludes:b MaindistributionusingKSAorKTAmediumorhighpowerBTSwitharatingof800Ato1,200Asetupinthegalleries.b Enclosuresconnectedtothemaindistributionandlocatedinthegallery.Theseenclosuresareequippedwithprotectionsforstandardoutgoingfeederssupply.b Floor-standingboxesequippedwithpowersockets,4powersocketsperbox.Theboxesaredistributedthroughoutthehall,closetothein-floorserviceducts.Alloftheseoutgoingfeedershavethesamerating,3x32A+Nto3x63A+N.Theenclosureandfloor-standingboxesarelinkedusingcableintubingimbeddedintheflooring.Eachenclosuresupplies4to8boxesor20to30powersockets.b Thissolution,wherealloftheoutgoingfeedersareregroupedinthegalleryandstandardoutgoingfeedersarepartofthefixedinstallation,canbeusedinconjunctionwithtechnicalandadministrativemanagementsystem(managementofthesubscribeddemandbytheexhibitorandenergybilling).Inthiscase,thestandardoutgoingfeedersareequippedwithmotorisedcircuitbreakers.Iftheoperatorwishestomanageeachstandseparately,chainingisnotusedandthedensityofthestandardoutgoingfeederswilldependontheminimumfloorspaceofonestand,nottheaveragefloorspace.
Temporary mobile installationMobileinstallationislimitedtothelinkbetweenthepowersocketandtheexhibitor’stap-offunitforstandardoutgoingfeeders.SpecialoutgoingfeedersaresetupasinsolutionD1andareunitswitharatingof3x63A+Nto3x250A+NpluggedintothemainKSAorKTAdistribution.Themobilelinkwithexhibitors’unitsiscarriedoutusingcableandinstalledinsidethein-floorserviceducts.
Example: b Hallsize:100mx90m(Lxl)or9,000m2.b Max.power:120W/m2or1,080kWforthewholehall.b Standfloorspace:min.12m2(4mx3m),average40m2.b Infrastructure:2galleriesaresetupalongthelengthofthehall.Theyeachsupplyanetworkof2x12in-floorserviceducts,(length22m,centredistance8m)laidoutperpendiculartothegallery.b Maindistribution:1KTA1,000Arunofalengthof100mineachgallery.b Standardoutgoingfeeders:Oneenclosureallowsthemanagementof2in-floorserviceductswith4floor-standingboxespercableductat6mintervalsandfour3x32A+Npowersocketsperbox,ortwelve400AunitsperKTArunforthesupplyoftheenclosuresand32outgoingfeedersperenclosure.Thisrepresentsatotalof2x12x32=768sockets,thusadensityof1socketper12m2correspondingtotheminimumfloorspaceofonestand,forthe2galleries.
Advantages and disadvantagesb Thesettingupofstandardoutgoingfeedersisextremelysimplewhileinoperation.b Nevertheless,thedisadvantagespointedoutinsolutionD1,suchaslimitedlengthofmobilecablingandfirebreakpassagebetweengalleryandcableduct,arealsothesameforspecialcabling.Thesolutionconsistsinreducingthequantityofspecialoutgoingfeedersbyincreasingtheratingofstandardoutgoingfeeders,asolutionwhichisquicklylimitedgiventheincreasedinvestmentwhichitentails.
Thissolutionisbestsuitedtointernational-typeexhibitioncentreswithhallfloorspacesbetween8,000and12,000m2anddistributedpower≤150W/m2.
KD0C00CTAFEEN28
Technical application specifications
Installation linked to the distribution of electricity to stands Typical solutions
Typical solution D3: Distribution through the floorMain distribution using BTS in galleries + secondary distribution using BTS infloor service ducts
A GalleryB In-floor service duct
Fixed installation:1 Main distribution KT/KS BTS2 Secondary distribution KS BTS
Mobile installation:3 Standard out going feeder4 Chaining5 Special out going feeder in-floor service duct (< 125 A)6 Special out going feeder in gallery (< 400 A)
Main distribution KT/KS BTS
Secondary distribution KS BTS
In-floor service duct
Gallery
KD0C00CTAFEEN 29
Technical application specifications
Installation linked to the distribution of electricity to stands Typical solutions
Main distribution using BTS in galleries and secondary distribution using BTS in-floor service ductsDescriptionInfrastructuresTechnicalgalleriesaresetupinthehall’sbasement.Thesegalleriesaresupplementedbyanetworkofin-floorserviceductslocatedonbothsidesofthegallery(in-floorserviceductcentredistance6to8m,length25to50m).
Fixed installationThefixedpartoftheelectricalinstallationincludes:b MaindistributionusingKSAorKTAmediumorhighpowerBTSwitharatingof800Ato1,600Asetupinthegalleries.b SecondarydistributionusingmediumpowerKSA160Ato400Abusbartrunkingsetupinthein-floorserviceductswiththeotherdistributednetworks(telephone,computer,cleanandwastewater,compressedair,etc.).ItisagoodideatohaveseveralratingsofKSAbusbartrunkinginordertoallowfortheconnectionofhighpowerspecialoutgoingfeeders(seeexamplebelow).
Temporary mobile installationStandoutgoingfeedersareunitswhichcanbepluggedintoCanalisKSAruns.Sandardoutgoingfeedershavearatingof1x32A+Nto3x63A+N.Specialoutgoingfeedershavearatingof3x32A+Nto3x250A+N.TheratingofthespecialunitsislimitedbytheratingoftheKSAbusbartrunkingaswellasthespaceavailableforitsinstallationinthein-floorserviceduct.
Example: b Hallsize:100mx90m(Lxl)or9,000m2.b Max.power:150W/m2or1,350kWforthewholehall.b Standfloorspace:min.15m2(5mx3m),average40m2.b Infrastructure:1galleryissetupalongthelengthofthehall.Itsuppliesanetworkof2x17in-floorserviceducts,(length44m,ductcentredistance6m)laidoutperpendiculartothegallery.b Maindistribution:2KTA1,200Arunsofalengthof50minthegallery.b Secondarydistribution:2x17KSArunsofalengthof40msetupinthein-floorserviceducts,2x13runswitharatingof160Aand2x4runs,or1runoutof4,witharatingof400A.b Standardoutgoingfeeders:1x45A+Nunits,1unitinstalledevery5m,oroneunitper30m2.Thesupplyofstandsiscarriedoutbysupplementingtheunitsalreadyinplacewithadditionalunitsforhigh-densityzones.
Advantages and disadvantagesb Thissolutionpresentsthebestcompromisebetweeninvestmentcostsandoperatingcosts(seeappendix1,financialoptimizationofsolutions)b Thedensityofthesecondarydistributionkeepsmobileconnectionstoaminimum,reducesvoltagedropsandguaranteesthecontroloftheimpedancesoffaultloops.b Eliminatingcablesin-floorserviceductsandreplacingthemwithBTSincreasessafetyinthecaseoffire.
Thissolutionisbestsuitedtointernational-typeexhibitioncentreswithhallfloorspacebetween8,000and12,000m2anddistributedpower≤200W/m2.
KD0C00CTAFEEN30
Technical application specifications
Installation linked to the distribution of electricity to stands Typical solutions
Main distribution using BTS in galleries and secondary distribution using BTS in the in-floor service ducts (continued) Adaptations for special needsHigh power special out going feeders
Aspreviouslymentioned,themajorityofspecialoutgoingfeedersaresetupusingunitswhichcanbepluggedintotheBTSsetupinthein-floorserviceducts.Nevertheless,thepoweroftheseoutgoingfeedersislimitedbytheratingoftheBTS.Forhigh-powerspecialoutgoingfeeders,thefactthattheyarenotoftenneededdoesnotjustifytheover-ratingoftheBTSinthein-floorserviceducts,evenif,asisthecaseintheexample,itislimitedtoonerunoutof4.TheseoutgoingfeedersaresuppliedfromthehighpowerBTSlocatedinthegallery.Thesolutionthenconsistsofincludinghoppersbetweenthegalleryandin-floorserviceducts.Theyareusuallysealedintotheflooring.Whenaspecialconnectionisneeded,theflooringisreplacedbyanelementwhichincludesamediumpowerKVbusbartrunkingelbowwithasupplyunit.ThewholesystemissuppliedbyaKSunitequippedwithaflexibleKVelement.Thislayout:b meansthatitcanbesetupsafelyandquickly.b respectsthefirebarrierpassagebetweenthegalleryandin-floorserviceduct.
UnitKVelbow
Firebarrier
Flexible
KSunit
KD0C00CTAFEEN 31
Technical application specifications
Installation linked to the distribution of electricity to stands Typical solutions
Cabling stands outside the hall
Forsiteswhichhaveoutsideexhibitionareaslocatedveryclosetothehall,thissolutionmeansthattheneedforstandconnectionscanbeeasilymetwithoutsettingupaspecialdistributionnetwork.TheconnectionsarecarriedoutusinganenclosuredirectlysuppliedbyaunitsetupattheendoftheBTSinthein-floorserviceduct.
Outsideunit
Cable
UnitCanalisKS
OutsidezoneHall(inside)
KD0C00CTAFEEN32
Technical application specifications
Installation linked to the distribution of electricity to stands Typical solutions
Management of the distribution of electricity to standsControl-monitoring system using busDescriptionArchitecture of the control-monitoring system
AnAS-ibuscableislaidoutinthein-floorserviceductparalleltotheKSAbusbartrunking.AS-i4I/4Omodulesareconnectedtothebusatregularintervals(4to5meters).TheAS-imodulescommunicatewithaprogrammablecontrollerlocatedinthegalleryandthewholesystemislinkedtothesite’stechnicalandadministrativemanagementsystemsthroughacontrolnetwork(ModBusforexample).Twoexhibitor’soutgoingfeederunitsaremanagedpermodule.
Structure of exhibitor’s out going feeder units
Each"exhibitor’soutgoingfeeder"unitisequippedwith:b Forstandardoutgoingfeeders,oneprotectionpercircuitbreakerwithafaultindicatingswitch.b Forspecialoutgoingfeeders,oneprotectionpermotorisedcircuitbreaker.b Atotallingpowermeterwithpulseoutput.b AflexiblelinkforconnectiontotheAS-imodule.
ThissolutioncomplementssolutionsCandD3,whichhavealreadybeendescribed.Itcombinesacontrol-monitoringsystemusingbuswiththedistributionusingBTSandthusmeetsthemanagementneedsofthedistributionofelectricitytostands:b Ratingandcontrollingthesubsribeddemandbytheexhibitor.b Meteringthepowerconsumedforbilling"inrealterms".
I/OAS-i
I/OAS-i
I/OAS-i
I/OAS-i
I/OAS-i
I/OAS-i
I/OAS-i
I/OAS-i
I/OAS-i
I/OAS-i
I/OAS-i
I/OAS-i
AS-i Bus
Mod
Bus
Programmablecontroller
Programmablecontroller
Technical and administrative site management station
AS-i Bus
AS-i Bus
AS-i Bus
K
SDQ
K
KWhAS-i
Module
towards stand unit
KD0C00CTAFEEN 33
Technical application specifications
Installation linked to the distribution of electricity to stands Typical solutions
OperationTheimpulsesemittedbytheexhibitor’senergymeter,ofafrequencyproportionaltoconsumption,arecountedbythecontrollerandintegratedtodeterminethepowerreached.Thesubscribeddemandbytheexhibitorisdirectlyparameterizedforeachoutgoingfeederbythemanagementsystemandisnolongerdefinedbysettingthecircuitbreaker’soverloadprotection.Thisdataisusedinthebillingoftheenergyconsumed,aswellastocomparetherequesteddemandandthesubscribeddemandinrealtime.Ifthepowergoesoverthelimit,theoperatorcan:b Authoriseitifitonlylastsalimitedamountoftime(t1timedelayparameterscanbeset)andisaccidental(Fig.a).b Suggestacontractwhichisbetter-adaptedtotheexhibitor’sneedswhenthepowerrepeatedlygoesoverthelimitorforalongperiodoftime.(t2timedelayparameterscanbeset).Allofthiswithoutabreakinsupply,contrarytowhatoccurswhenthesubscribeddemandislimitedbythecircuitbreaker(Fig.b).b Breaksupplytothestandbyautomaticallyopeningthecontactorwhentheoversteppinglevelisexcessivelyhighand/orincompatiblewiththeinstallationandcouldcausethecircuitbreakerstotripforexample(Fig.c).Thisglobalsolution,mainandsecondarydistribution
usingBTSandcontrol-monitoringsystemusingBus:b Ensuresthelargeavailabilityoftheinstallation.b Significantlyreducesoperatingcosts:v assemblyanddisassemblycostsbetweeneachexhibitionv maintenancecostsduringeachexhibitionv administrativecostsforthebillingoftheenergyconsumed.b Providesthebestservicefortheexhibitor.
P
t
P
t0 t2 t
P
t0 t1 t
Figurea
Subscribedemand
Figureb
Newcontract
Figurec
Max.power
Supplybreak
KD0C00CTAFEEN34
Technical application specifications
Installation linked to the distribution of lighting electricity and management
Needs and operational modesExhibition hall lighting must be designed so that it can be adapted to different activitiesMain uses: fairs and exhibitionsThestandshavetheirownlightingwhenthehallisopentothepublic.Strictlyspeaking,thelightingisonlynecessaryoverthewalkwaysandthelightinglevelrequiredisusuallybetween400and600lux.Thelightinglevelcanbereduced(150to200lux)forzoneswherestandsaresetup,whicharegreaterthan2/3ofthehall’ssurfacearea.Inthecaseofthehallbeingonlypartiallyoccupied,changingthelightingzonesshouldallowforthelightingtobelimitedtotheoccupiedzones.Whenthehallisnotopentothepublic,aminimumamountoflightingisrequiredforthesurveillanceofthepremises.Itcanbelimitedtothemainwalkways.
Other activitiesSomeactivities(forexamplesportingevents),needspecificadaptedlightingaswellasthenormalhalllighting.Duringspecialevents,whenallorpartofahallisusedbyasinglecustomer(conference,saleslaunch),speciallightingrequirementsaretakenintoaccountbythiscustomer.Theconnectionisthencarriedoutonthestanddistributionnetwork.
Lighting installationLighting sourcesThelightingsourcesusedare:b eitherfluorescentlamps(2x58Wor3x58Wluminaires),b ormetalliciodide-typedischargelamps.
Lighting runsSetting up lighting runs
Themainwalkwaysaregenerallylaidoutonacentralaxis.Theirlayoutisfixed,whateverthetypeofroom.Thelightingrunsaresetupparalleltothesemainpaths.Thislayoutmeansthattheleveloflightingcanbeadaptedaccordingtotheneedsofthedifferentzones:b walkwayzoneswithfulllighting,b standzoneswithreducedlighting(1/3oflightingforexample).
Whateverthetypeofluminairesmaybe,thelightingrunsaremadeupwithKBAorKBBCanalis,whichensurethesupplyandsupportoftheluminaires.
Stand zone
Main walkway zone
KD0C00CTAFEEN 35
Technical application specifications
Installation linked to the distribution of lighting electricity and managementThechoicebetweenKBAandKBBdependsontheweightoftheluminairesandthepossibilitiesforfixingthemtothebuilding’sstructure(KBAcentredistance≤3m,KBBcentredistance≤5m).
Theserunshavea3Ph+Npolarity,whichmeansthat:b voltagedropscanbereduced(comparedwithsingle-phaseruns),b luminairescanbecontrolledby1/3(1/3perphase)andlightinglevelscanthereforebeadapted.
KBBCanaliswith3Ph+Ndoubleflattopisinstalledwhenonepartoftheluminairesisalsousedforsafetyorflood-lighting(seefollowingfigure).
Safety and flood-lighting
Thistypeofluminaireequippedwithfluorescentlampsincludesanaccumulatorbatteryandneedstwoseparatesupplies:b onefornormallighting,b permanentsupplyforsafetylighting,forchargingupbatteries.
SafetylightingNormallighting
KD0C00CTAFEEN36
Technical application specifications
Installation linked to the distribution of lighting electricity and management
Lighting installation ( continued)
Supply to and command of lighting runsSetting up medium or high power BTS
Thesupplyoflightingrunsiscarriedoutusinglowormedium-powerprefabricatedbusbartrunkings(KNCanalisupto100A,KSCanalis160,250or400A).
AdvantagesComparedwithacentralisedsolutionofthelightingswitchboardtypewiththerunsbeingsuppliedbyacableonacabletray,thisdecentraliseddistributionsolutionthroughBTS:b meansthatadvantagescanbedrawnfromtheweak impedanceofthemainbusbartrunking,uptocloseproximityofthelightingrun,
b keeps cable lengthstoaminimuminthelow-powersection(1to2mlinkbetweenunitssetuponthemainductandthefeedunitonthelightingrun),b thereforesignificantlyreduces voltage dropsandthevalueoffaultloopimpedances,b thusgarantees protectionagainstindirectcontact.Thefaultcurrentlevelsarecompatiblewiththemagnetictrippingthresholdsofstandardcircuitbreakers:v bothdesignandinstallationthesystemaresimpler,v allofthelightingunitsareidentical,v protectionisprovidedbystandardcircuitbreakers,v installationcosts(suppliesandlabourcosts)areminimised.
ForC60typemodularcircuitbreakers:b standard breaking capacity(typeN)isreinforcedthankstoitsusewiththeupstreamcircuitbreaker.b standard tripping curve(curveC),issufficientgiventhegoodcontroloffaultloopimpedances.
See example in appendix 1.
Stand zone
Main walkway zone
KD0C00CTAFEEN 37
Technical application specifications
Installation linked to the distribution of lighting electricity and management
Lighting management using DALIDistribution of luminaires between the "walkway" zone and the "stand" zone
Lighting management using DALI
Stands
Walkways
TSX 17
4
E/S
Protectionunitandcontroloflighting
runwith3commandsperrun
Walkway zone includes luminaires "DEF".
Stand zones includes luminaires "ABC".
A
B
A
B
C
C
C
A
B
A
B
C
C
C
A
B
A
B
C
C
C
A
B
A
B
C
C
C
A
B
A
B
C
C
C
C
A
C
A
B
B
B
C
A
C
A
B
B
B
C
A
C
A
B
B
B
F
D
E
D
E
F
F
F
D
E
D
E
F
F
F
D
E
D
E
F
F
F
D
E
D
E
F
F
Access
KD0C00CTAFEEN38
Technical application specifications
Lighting management using DALI (continued)
The designTomeetlightingmanagementneeds,lightinglevelsandadaptedzoningaccordingtothetypeofexhibition,DALIsupplementsthedistributionusingprefabricatedbusbartrunking.TheDALIdesign,aglobalsolutionforlightingdistribution,controlandmanagement,combinescommunicationthroughbuswithCanalisdecentraliseddistribution.
The DALI busb ItiseitherincludedinthemainbusbartrunkingwithKNT,b orlaidoutparalleltoKSandsetupinthiscaseusingKBAbusbartrunking.
The unitsThelightingrunfeedandcontrolunits("rununit"):b protectthelightingrunusingacircuit breaker,b includestheDALI moduleconnectedontothebus.Itincludes3outletswhichmeanthat3separatecircuitscanbepilotedonthelightingrunandthereforethatupto3levelsoflightingcanbecontrolled,b havecontactors.
The central control unitTheDALIcentralcontrolunitisanindustrialcontrollerequippedwiththe"DALI lighting" software package,theparametersofwhichcanbesetbytheuser.Itallows:b thedesignandmodificationoflighting zonesandthedifferent lighting levels.Todothis,theoutputgroupsmustbedefined(alloftheluminaireswhicharesimultaneouslycommanded).Thesegroupsarejoinedtogethertoconstitutealightingzone(azonewith3lightinglevelsthereforeincludes3groups),
b programming the occupation times(toautomaticallypilotlighting).
Optimising maintenance operationsAdapting lighting levelscauseslargedisparitiesbetweenluminaireoperatingtimes.Hourmetersmeasuretheoperatingtimeofeachgroupandallow:
b management of the rotationofthegroupstoensureabalanceinoperatingtimes, b programming of preventitive maintenance operationsforthereplacementofallofthelightingsources.
Installation linked to the distribution of lighting electricity and management
Withoutgrouprotation Withgrouprotation
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
1-2 3-4
5-6 7-8
9-10 11-12
CBA0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
1-2 3-4
5-6 7-8
9-10 11-12
CBA
0to6,000:operatinghours1to12:operatingmonthA,BandC:luminairegroups
KD0C00CTAFEEN 39
Technical application specifications
Methodology and example for determining the rating of standard connectionsMethodologyInvestment costsaredividedupbetweenthecostoffixedinstallationsandthecostofmobileinstallations.The cost of the fixed installationdoesnotincludestandardoutgoerswhentheyareconnectedtoit(example:cabinetsocketsorfloorsocketboxes).The cost of the mobile installationincludes:b allstandoutgoers,standardoutgoersandspecialoutgoers.e.g.forBTSenclosures,theinstalledenclosuresplustheenclosuresinstock.b Mobilelinksbetweenthestandoutgoersandtheexhibitor’senclosure.b Exhibitorenclosures.
Operating costsprimarilyincludethecostsformobileinstallationassemblyanddisassemblybetweeneachexhibit.
Investment costs for the fixed installation+ Investment costs for the mobile installation+ Operating costs for the mobile installation= Global costs
The goal is thus to minimise global costs. A good comprehension of the projected operating costs is needed to conduct the study (see example).
Example: 1.Thedifferentratingsofoutgoersaredefinedbytakingintoaccountneedsaswellastechnologicalthresholdssuchascircuitbreakerratings.Inexample5,theratingsthatwereusedare:3kW,10kW,45kW,100kW,250kW.
2.Forthesedifferentratings,theunitcostofinvestmentandoperationareestimatedaccordingtowhethertheoutgoerisastandardorspecialone(table1-page40).
3.Exhibitsareclassifiedincategoriesthatallowfordiversesituationstobetakenintoaccount.Eachcategoryischaracterisedbythenumberofinstalledandconnectedenclosures,theaveragestandsurfaces,theminimumstandsurfaceandthedistributionofconnectionsusingtheoutgoingrating.
Inexample3thecategoriesthatwereusedareFig2.1,2.2,2.3-page40.Thehall’ssurfaceareais6000m2.Thisdataallows:b Foratype1exhibitwherethenumberofstandsisconsiderable,estimationofmaximumstanddensityandthusofthenumberofstandardoutgoerstobeinstalled.b Forthe3exhibittypes,calculationofinvestmentcosts:quantityandcostofinstalledenclosuresforstandardoutgoersandthecostofestablishingastockofenclosuresforspecialoutgoers.
4.Powerdistributionforstandoutgoersonanoperatingcycle-Fig3-allowsforoperatingcoststobecalculated.Soastoberepresentative,thisdistributionmusttakeintoaccounttherateofcertainsexhibits,twiceayearexhibitsforexample.Thisisthecaseintheexamplewherethereisa2yearcycle.
5.Simulationofglobalcostsisconductedbysuccessivelytakingeachratingasastandardoutgoerrating,standardoutgoer≤3kW,standardoutgoer≤10kW,standardoutgoer≤45kW,etc.
In the example, global costs are obtained for a standard outgoer rating of 10 kW.
Appendix 1: Financial optimization of solutions
Masteringoperatingcostsisessentialsoastoguaranteethecompetitivenessandprofitabilityofexhibitgrounds.Theoperatingcostsforassemblinganddisassemblingmobileinstallationsthatsupplyexhibitorstandsisaconsiderablepartofoperatingcosts.Allsolutionsfortheelectricaldistributionofstandsshouldtaketheseoperatingcostsintoaccountandthusleadtotheuseofaglobalcostapproach.Globalcosts=Investmentcosts+Operatingcosts.Thisappendixpresentsthemethodologyforthisapproach,whichissupportedbyanexamplefordeterminingtheratingofstandardconnections.
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Technical application specifications
Appendix 1: Financial optimization of solutions
Methodology and example for determining the rating of standard connections (continued)
Table 1: Investment costs and assembly/disassembly costs per enclosure rating
Enclosureratings
Investment Operation Global costsUnitcostinEuro
Assembly/disassemblyperunitinEuro
PerunitinEuro
Standard Special Standard Special Standard Special3kW 100 20 12010kW 250 300 30 120 280 42045kW 600 700 50 200 650 900100kW 1500 1700 80 320 1580 2020250kW 4000 4500 120 480 4120 4980
Figure 2.1: Significant number of stands and low outgoer power
Figure 2.2: Average number of stands and medium outgoer power
Figure 2.3: Low number of stands and significant outgoer power
200
160
120
80
40
03 kW 10 kW
180
20
45 kW 100 kW 250 kW
60
50
40
30
20
10
03 kW 10 kW
40
52
8
45 kW 100 kW 250 kW
25
20
15
10
5
03 kW 10 kW
19 20
45 kW 100 kW 250 kW
8
2 1
200installedenclosuresAveragestandsurfacearea=30m2
Minimumstandsurfacearea=15m2
100installedenclosuresAveragestandsurfacearea=60m2
Minimumstandsurfacearea=15m2
50installedenclosuresAveragestandsurfacearea=120m2
Minimumstandsurfacearea=15m2
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Technical application specifications
Appendix 1: Financial optimization of solutionsFigure 3: Distribution of stand outgoer power on an operating cycle
Figure 4: Simulation of global costs per standard outgoer rating
Operation
Investment
10 000
1 000
100
10
13 kW 10 kW
3 6362 140
312
45 kW 100 kW
8
250 kW
4
600 000
500 000
400 000
300 000
100 000
200 000
03 kW 10 kW 45 kW
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Technical application specifications
Canalis installations on the exhibit groundsCountry Town-Site Years Type of BTSSweden Stockholm 1980-1999 KN-KS
Goteberg 1975-1999 KL-KU-KS
Jonkoping 1975-1999 KU-KRA-KS
Sollentuna 1975-1999 KU-KRA-KS
Malmoe 1980-1999 KS-KH
Lulea 1985 KS
Spain Barcelona 1995 GTC-GMP
UnitedKingdom Birmingham-NEC 1974 KH-KRA-ILine-ILine2
London-WembleyArena 1979 KS
London-AlexanderPalace 1989 KS
London-Olympia 1985 KS
London-EarlsCourt 1985 KS
Belgium Brussels-FoireduHeysel - -
Austria Vienna-WienerMesse - -
Norway Oslo-NorgesVaremesse - -
Oslo-Inforama - -
Germany Dusseldorf - -
France Paris-ParcdeVersailles - -
Paris-ParcdeVillepinte - -
Strasbourg - -
Metz - -
References
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