Cardiovascular SystemCardiovascular System
The Cardiovascular SystemThe Cardiovascular System
Functions of the Cardiovascular System:
Cardiovascular System Components:
Properties of BloodProperties of BloodTwo main components:
•1. Plasma –
•2. Blood cells– Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
– White blood cells (leukocytes)
– Platelets
Plasma 55%90% water7% plasma proteins3% other (acids, salts)
Formed elements 45%>99% red blood cells<1% white blood cells and platelets
The Heart
The Internal Anatomy of the HeartThe Internal Anatomy of the Heart
Path of Blood Through the HeartPath of Blood Through the Heart
Aorta
Superior vena cava
Right pulmonary arteryAortic semilunar valve
Right pulmonary veins
Right atrium
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Tricuspid valve
Right ventricle
Inferior vena cava
Left pulmonary artery
Left pulmonary veins
Left atrium
Bicuspid (mitral) valve
Left ventricle
Chordae tendinae
Papillary muscles
Interventricular septum
Chordae tendinae
Papillary muscles
Thoracic aorta (descending)
Coronary Vessels – Anterior ViewCoronary Vessels – Anterior View
Superior vena cava
Branches of right pulmonary veins
Right pulmonary veins
Right atrium
Right coronary artery
Small cardiac vein
Right ventricle
Inferior vena cava
Aorta
Left pulmonary artery
Branches of left pulmonary artery
Pulmonary trunk
Left pulmonary veins
Left atrium
Anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery
Great cardiac vein
Left ventricle
Thoracic aorta (descending)
Excitation of the HeartExcitation of the HeartCardiac Muscle
Sympathetic Influence (tachycardia) –
Parasympathetic Influence (bradycardia) –
The Heart – Electrical Conduction The Heart – Electrical Conduction SystemSystem
Sinoatrial (SA) node
Bundle of His (AV bundle)
Atrioventricular (AV) node
Right and left bundle branches
Purkinje fibres
The Electrical Activity of the HeartThe Electrical Activity of the HeartElectrocardiogram (ECG)
Graphical representation of electrical sequence of events occurring with each contraction of the heart
P wave:
QRS complex:
T wave:
Blood PressureBlood Pressure
Blood Pressure
Normal BP = 120 / 80 mmHgHypertensive BP = 140 / 90 mmHg
Blood Flow DistributionBlood Flow Distribution
Cardiac OutputCardiac Output (Q) is the primary indicator of the functional capacity
of the circulatory system to meet the demands of physical activity. On average a person pumps about 5 litres of blood per minute from their left ventricle at rest. The difference between a trained and untrained person is how this is accomplished.
Q = Trained 50bts/min * 100 ml/bt Untrained 71bts/min * 70
ml/bt
Benefits of Being A Trained Athlete