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CHAPTER 14: INHERITANCE
Multiple Choice Questions
For Question 1 to 15, each question is followed by four alternative answers A, B, C or D.
Choose one correct answer for each question and blacken the corresponding space in your
objective answer sheet.
14.1 Concept of Inheritance Based on Mendels Experiment
1. Diagram 14.1 shows a pair of homologous chromosomes. The alphabets represent the
gene in the chromosomes.
Q and q represent
A. linked genes
B alleles
C. genotypes
D. phenotype
2. If T represents the allele for tallness and t the allele for dwarfness, then an individual
with Tt is
A. homozygous for tallness
B heterozygous for tallness
C. homozygous for dwarfness
D. heterozygous for dwarfness
3. Two pure-bred plants with the genotypes BBRR and bbrr respectively are crossed. F1
offspring were allowed to self-pollinate. How many types of phenotypes are produced if
B and R are dominant?
A. 2
B 4
C. 8
D. 16
4. Diagram 14.2 shows the inheritance of type of eye colour in humans. Gene for blue
BIOLOGY QUESTION BANK14-1
P q R s T U
p Q R S t u
DIAGRAM 14.1
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eyes is recessive.
First generation
Second generation
Third generation
Key :Male brown eyes
Male blue eyes
Female blue eyes
Female brown eyes
Which of the following conditions are true of P and Q?
P Q
A heterozygous Homozygous dominant
B heterozygous Homozygous recessive
C Heterozygous dominant heterozygous
D Homozygous recessive heterozygous
5. The allele for black hair in human is dominant to the allele for brown hair. A man with
black hair is heterozygous while his wife has brown hair. The probably of getting a child
with brown hair is
A. 1
B
C.
D.
14.2 Inheritance
6. A married couple has different blood group. Ahmad has a blood group A, whereas his
wife has a blood group B.
Determine the possible blood group of their children.
BIOLOGY QUESTION BANK14-2
P
Q
DIAGRAM 14.2
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A. It could only be blood group AB
B. It could only be blood group A or B
C. It could only be blood group A, B or O
D. It could only be blood group O
7. Which of the following represented the alleles of the human blood group?
A. ABO
B. Xa Xb Xo
C. Aa B bOo
D. IA IB IO
8. Erythroblastosis fetalis is the problem of new born baby that related to
A. blood transfusion incompatibility
B. Rh factor
C. malnutrition
D. mothers drug abuse.
9. Diagram 14.3 shows the human karyotype.
The abnormal number of the chromosome 21 is a result of non-disjunction during
A. meiosis
B. mitosis
C. cytokinesis
D. plasmolysis
10. Heredity diseases are disease that can be transmitted from parent to their offspring.
Which of the following is not the heredity disease?
A. Haemophillia
B. Colour blindness
BIOLOGY QUESTION BANK14-3
The karyotype of a malewith Downs syndrome DIAGRAM 14.
3
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C. Muscular dystrophy
D. Malaria
14.3 Understanding Genes and Chromosomes
11. Diagram 14.4 shows a part of the DNA structure.
Figure 1
Which of the following represents J,K,L and M ?
J K L M
A Deoxyribose
sugar
Nitrogenous
base
Phosphate
group
Phosphate
group
B Phosphate
group
Deoxyribose
sugar
Nitrogenous
base
Nitrogenous
base
C Phosphate
group
Nitrogenous
base
Deoxyribose Phosphate
groupD Nitrogenous
base
Deoxyribose
sugar
Nitrogenous
base
Phosphate
group
12. The uses of DNA fingerprint are
I. to identify the parent of someone
II. to solve criminal cases
III. to identify diseases inherited
IV. to identify a baby claimed by different mothers
A. I and IV only
BIOLOGY QUESTION BANK14-4
DIAGRAM 14.4
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B. II and III only
C. I, II and III only
D. I, II, III and IV
13. Which of the following is not true about DNA fingerprinting?
A. It is a print pattern from the right thumb
B. It can be made from a blood sample, hair or semen sample
C. It is used in forensic work
D. It can be used to confirm animal pedigrees
14. What are the advantages of introducing genetic engineering in agriculture?
I. Increase the food yield
II. Improve the food quality
III. Increase in resistance to pests and diseases
A. I only
B I and II only
C. II and III only
D. I, II, III
15. Which of the following is not the objective of the Human Genome Project?
A. Determine the sequence of all the base pairs found in the DNA of the human
genome
B Make map showing the exact locations of genes for major sections of human
chromosomes
C. Produce linkage maps where inherited traits can be tracked over generations
D. To determine the sex of foetus
Structured Items
14.1 Concept of Inheritance Based on Mendels Experiment
1. Diagram 14.5 shows a cross between two varieties of pea plants in which tall pea plant
with red flowers is crossed with short pea plant with white flowers. Both plants are pure
bred.
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(a) (i) Complete the alleles in Figure 1. [2 marks]
(ii) State the type of cross shown in Figure 1.
[1 mark]
(b) (i) State the genotype of plants in F1 generation.
[1 mark]
(ii) State the phenotype of plants in F1 generation
[1 mark]
(c) If crossing over between genes takes place in the individuals of F1 generation
during meiosis, draw the possible gametes produced from the F1 generation.
BIOLOGY QUESTION BANK14-6
Parent
Diagram 14.5
Key :
T tall
t short
R red flowers
r white flowers
F1
generation
Gametes
T
R
T
R
t
r
t
r
T
R
T
R
T
R
T
R
t
r
t
r
t
r
t
r
t
r
T
R
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[2 marks]
(d) Table 14.1 shows an incomplete Punnetts of crossing made between a
heterozygous plant for tallness and the red flowers and a homozygous
recessive plant for the same traits.
Gametes TR Tr tr
tr ttRr
(i) Complete Table 1 to show the various offspring produced. [2
marks]
(ii) Explain the results.
[3 marks]
(iii) What is the percentage of the offspring produced for short pea plant with
white flowers?
[1 mark]
14.2 Inheritance
2. Diagram 14.6 shows the pedigree of a family for the haemophillia disease.
Haemophollia is a hereditary sex-linked disease cause by a recessive allele found on
the X chromosome.
BIOLOGY QUESTION BANK14-7
TABLE 14.1
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Hassan Anis
Akmal Adam Esah
Key :
Male normal XH XH, XHY
Male haemophillia Xh Xh, Xh Y
Female normal XH Xh
Female haemophillia
(a) (i) What is Anis genotype?
[1 mark]
(ii) Explain how her genotype is determined.
[2 marks]
(b) (i) What is the genotype of Hassan?
[1 mark]
(ii) Explain how his genotype is determined.
[2 marks]
(c) Esah has a heterozygote genotype, while Adam is a haemophillia patient.
Illustrate by using a schematic diagram to show their children genotype and
phenotype probability. [4 marks]
BIOLOGY QUESTION BANK14-8
DIAGRAM 14.6
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(d) What is the probability of their son to get haemophilia?
[1mark]
(e) What is the meaning ofhereditary sex-linked?
[2marks]
14.3 Understanding Genes and Chromosomes
3. Diagram 14.7 shows the molecular arrangement of part of a DNA molecule.
BIOLOGY QUESTION BANK14-9
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(a) (i) Name the basic unit that made up the DNA molecule.
[1mark]
(ii) Circle on the diagram above to show a basic unit of DNA molecule.
[1mark]
(iii) Name the component that made up the basic unit named in (a)(i).
[1mark]
(b) Describe the structure of the DNA molecule.
[1mark]
(c) The DNA carries the genetic codes that determine the characteristic oforganism. Which part of the molecules that form the genetic codes?
[1mark]
(d) Complete Diagram 14.8 below to show the organization of a chromosome.
[5marks]
BIOLOGY QUESTION BANK14-10
DIAGRAM 14.7
Chromosome
DNA
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Essay Items
14.1 Concept of Inheritance Based on Mendels Experiment
1. (a)
BIOLOGY QUESTION BANK14-11
Mendels First law :
The characteristic of an organism is determined by a pair of genes located
at the same locus of a pair of homologous chromosomes. Only one of the
pair of genes can be present in a gamete.
DIAGRAM 14.8
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Explain the above statement by using the monohybrid cross between a homozygous
dominant long-winged Drosophilia is mated with a homozygous recessive vestigal-
winged Drosophila.
[10 marks]
(b) A dihybrid cross between two varieties of oil palm, Dura and Pasifera, produces a new
variety, Tenera. Tenera has better quality fruits compared to Dura and Pisifera as
shown in Table 14.2.
Oil palm varietyCharacteristics of the trait
Genotype Phenotype
Dura hhFF Thin husk
Thick flesh
Pisifera HHff Thick husk
Thin flesh
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Tenera Thick husk
Thick flesh
Table 14.2Key :
H represents dominant allele for thick husk
F represents dominant allele for thick flesh
Using a schematic diagram, explain why self-crossing between the Tenera variety
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does not produce offspring of the same quality as their parents.
[10 marks]
14.2 Inheritance
2. (a) Mala and Siva is a married couple with four girls. Siva always blamed his wife
because of not give birth a baby boy. As a consultant at LPPKN, please consult
these couple to understand the fact related to the sex determination of babies.
Draw a schematic diagram to explain your answer.
[10 marks]
(b) Dina has a problem to get a second child with the history of three times
baby stillborn. After consulted by a specialist, she found that she is facing
with the problem of Rh factor. As a specialist explain to Dina to understand her
problem.
[10marks]
14.3 Understanding Genes and Chromosomes
1. Diagram 14.9 show three different molecules which are found in the DNA.
(a) Describe the structure of the DNA. [4 marks]
(b)
The transfer of genes or DNA plays an important role in genetic engineering.
For instance, gene from humans can be transferred to bacterial cells. Once
inside the bacteria, these human gene control the bacterial cells. This causes
the bacteria to synthesise something they would not normally make in nature.
For example, bacteria can produce human insulin.
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of genetic engineering.
[6 marks]
BIOLOGY QUESTION BANK14-14
Phosphate Base Sugar
DIAGRAM 14.9
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(c) Describe briefly on the important of DNA fingerprinting and human genome
project to mankind. [ 10 marks]
BIOLOGY QUESTION BANK14-15