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Weld Joint Preparation
(ISO 9692)
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Edge Preparation - NeedPoor penetration
Poor strength
Good penetration
Good strength
(100% jointefficiency)
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Edge PreparationFactors which influence choice of edge preparation
- Thickness
- Material
- Welding process
- Extent of penetration required
- Welding distortion
- Cost
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Basic Joint Types
butt
tee
lap
corner
edge
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Basic Weld TypesGroove welds
Fillet weldPlug / slot weld
Spot / seam weld
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Applicable Welds for Butt jointSquare Groove weld V Groove weld
U Groove weldBevel Groove weld
J Groove weld
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Applicable Welds for Butt joint
Double V Groove weld
Double U Groove weld
Double Bevel Groove weld
Double J Groove weld
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Applicable Welds for Tee joint
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Applicable Welds for Lap joint
Plug / slot weldSpot / seam weld
Fillet weld
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Applicable Welds for Corner Joint
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Applicable Welds for Edge Joint
Edge weld
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Butt jointSquare Groove weld
Root gap
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Butt jointSingle V Groove weldGroove angle
Root face
Root gap
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Weld Reinforcement
Correct
reinforcement
Minimum cost
Good joint
strength
Excess
reinforcement
High cost
Poor joint strength
Under
reinforcement
Poor joint strength
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Butt joint Complete Joint penetration
Weld from face side
Back gouging
Back weld
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Butt joint Complete Joint penetration
Backing weld
Back gouging
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Butt joint Complete Joint penetration(welding from one side)
TIG / SMAW
welding
Consumableguide
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Butt Joint Double V grooveLess weld metal
Less distortionHigher edge preparation cost
Better for thickness > 20 mm
More weld metal
More distortion
Lower edge preparation cost
Better for thickness < 20 mm
Double V groove
Single V groove
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Butt Joint U groove
Good access at the root
Less weld metal
Higher edge preparation cost
Better for thickness > 40 mm
Groove angle
Root face
Root gap
Root radius
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Butt Joint Bevel groove
Double bevel groove
Single bevel grooveBevel angle 40 to 50
Difficult to approach
the root
Weld defects
Back gouging toremove root defects
Good weld quality
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Butt Joint J groove
Good access at the root
Back gouging and back welding to get good weld quality
Less weld metal
Higher edge preparation cost
Better for thickness > 40 mm
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Tee Joint Full strength joint
leg
leg throat
throat = 0.707 x legleg = 1.414 x throat
In a full strength
joint, leg = 0.75 x
thickness
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Tee Joint Full penetration joint
leg = throat leg = throat
45 or 60
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Tee Joint
Theoretical throat
Actual throat
AWS D 1.1 recommendation when gap > 1.6 mm
to increase leg size of fillet by the amount of gap
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Lap Joint
AWS D 1.1 recommendation
Overlap = 5 x thickness (1 inch minimum)
Gap between mating faces = 1.6 mm max
overlap
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Welding Position Groove
1 G
2 G
3 G
4 G
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Welding Position Groove
1 G 2 G
5 G 6 G
45
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Welding Position Fillet
1F
2F
3F
4F
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Welding Position Fillet
1F
2F
5F
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Welding Positions Groove
Position Inclination of axis Rotation of face
Flat 0 to 15 150 to 210
Horizontal 0 to 15 80 to 150
210 to 280
Overhead 0 to 80 0 to 80
280 to 360Vertical 15 to 80 80 to 280
80 to 90 0 to 360
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Welding Positions Fillet
Position Inclination of axis Rotation of face
Flat 0 to 15 150 to 210
Horizontal 0 to 15 125 to 150
210 to 235
Overhead 0 to 80 0 to 125
235 to 360Vertical 15 to 80 125 to 235
80 to 90 0 to 360
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Joint preparation
According to I SO 9692
Welding and allied processes -Recommendations for joint preparation
Part 1:Manual metal-arc welding, gas shielded metal-arc welding, gas
welding, TIG welding and beam welding of steels
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