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Strategic Managementand the Entrepreneur
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Strategic ManagementStrategic Management
Is crucial to building a successful Is crucial to building a successful business business
Involves developing a game plan to Involves developing a game plan to guide a company as it strives to guide a company as it strives to accomplish its mission, goals, and accomplish its mission, goals, and objectives, and to keep it on its objectives, and to keep it on its desired coursedesired course
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Key: Core Key: Core CompetenciesCompetencies Unique set of skills, knowledge, or Unique set of skills, knowledge, or
abilities that a company develops abilities that a company develops in key areas such as superior in key areas such as superior quality, customer service, quality, customer service, innovation, team-building, innovation, team-building, flexibility, responsiveness, and flexibility, responsiveness, and others that allow it to vault past others that allow it to vault past competitors competitors
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Strategic Strategic Management Management ProcessProcess
Step 1Step 1: Develop a vision and : Develop a vision and translate it into a mission statementtranslate it into a mission statement
Step 2Step 2: Assess strengths and : Assess strengths and weaknessesweaknesses
Step 3Step 3: Scan environment for : Scan environment for opportunities and threatsopportunities and threats
Step 4Step 4: Identify key success factors: Identify key success factors
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Strategic Management Strategic Management Process...Process...
Step 5Step 5: Analyze competition: Analyze competition Step 6Step 6: Create goals and : Create goals and
objectivesobjectives Step 7Step 7: Formulate : Formulate
strategiesstrategies Step 8Step 8: Translate plans into : Translate plans into
actionsactions Step 9Step 9: Establish accurate : Establish accurate
controlscontrols
(continued)(continued)
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Step 1: Step 1: Develop a VisionDevelop a Vision and Create a Mission and Create a Mission StatementStatement
Vision – an expression of what an Vision – an expression of what an entrepreneur stands for and believes entrepreneur stands for and believes in; the “sixth sense that tells us why in; the “sixth sense that tells us why we make a difference in the world” we make a difference in the world”
Vision is based on an entrepreneur’s Vision is based on an entrepreneur’s values – 3 to 6 core values values – 3 to 6 core values
A clearly defined vision:A clearly defined vision: Provides directionProvides direction Determines decisionsDetermines decisions Motivates peopleMotivates people
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Step 1: Develop a Vision Step 1: Develop a Vision and Cand Create a Mission reate a Mission StatementStatement
Mission – addresses question: Mission – addresses question: "What business are we in?”"What business are we in?”
A written expression of how the A written expression of how the company will reflect the owner’s company will reflect the owner’s values, beliefs, and visionvalues, beliefs, and vision
Sets the tone for the entire Sets the tone for the entire company and guides the company and guides the decisions people make decisions people make
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Step 1: Develop a Vision Step 1: Develop a Vision and Cand Create a Mission reate a Mission StatementStatement
Elements:Elements: PurposePurpose Business we are inBusiness we are in ValuesValues
Example: Fetzer Vineyards Example: Fetzer Vineyards
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Step 2: Assess Step 2: Assess Company Strengths Company Strengths and Weaknessesand Weaknesses
StrengthsStrengths Positive internal factors that Positive internal factors that
contribute to accomplishing contribute to accomplishing the mission, goals, and the mission, goals, and objectivesobjectives
WeaknessesWeaknesses Negative internal factors that Negative internal factors that
inhibit the company’s ability inhibit the company’s ability to accomplish its mission, to accomplish its mission, goals, and objectivesgoals, and objectives
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Step 3: Scan for Step 3: Scan for Opportunities and Opportunities and ThreatsThreats
OpportunitiesOpportunities Positive external options the Positive external options the
company can exploit to company can exploit to accomplish its mission, goals, accomplish its mission, goals, and objectivesand objectives
ThreatsThreats Negative external forces that Negative external forces that
inhibit the company’s ability inhibit the company’s ability to accomplish its mission, to accomplish its mission, goals, and objectivesgoals, and objectives
External Market External Market ForcesForces
CompetitiveCompetitive EconomicEconomic
Political and Regulatory
Political and Regulatory
TechnologicalTechnological
Social and DemographicSocial and
Demographic
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Step 4: Identify Key Step 4: Identify Key Success FactorsSuccess Factors
Key success factors: Key success factors: factors that influence factors that influence a company’s ability to a company’s ability to compete successfully compete successfully in an industryin an industry
The keys to unlocking The keys to unlocking the secrets of the secrets of succeeding in a succeeding in a particular market particular market segmentsegment
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Step 5: Analyze Step 5: Analyze CompetitorsCompetitors Study: Top execs say that their Study: Top execs say that their
industries are becoming industries are becoming moremore competitive competitive
Factors: Factors: Smarter rivalsSmarter rivals More price competitionMore price competition Increased customer awareness Increased customer awareness
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CompetitorCompetitorAnalysisAnalysis
Direct competitorsDirect competitors Offer the same products and servicesOffer the same products and services Customers often compare prices, features, and Customers often compare prices, features, and
deals among these competitors when they shopdeals among these competitors when they shop Significant competitorsSignificant competitors
Offer some of the same or similar products or Offer some of the same or similar products or servicesservices
Product or service lines overlap but not completelyProduct or service lines overlap but not completely Indirect competitorsIndirect competitors
Offer same or similar products in only a small Offer same or similar products in only a small number of areasnumber of areas
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CompetitorCompetitorAnalysisAnalysis
Analyzing key competitors allows Analyzing key competitors allows entrepreneurs to:entrepreneurs to: Avoid surprises from existing competitors’ Avoid surprises from existing competitors’
new strategies and tacticsnew strategies and tactics Identify potential new competitors and the Identify potential new competitors and the
threats they posethreats they pose Improve reaction time to competitors’ Improve reaction time to competitors’
actionsactions Anticipate rivals’ next strategic moves Anticipate rivals’ next strategic moves Improve ability to differentiate your Improve ability to differentiate your
company from competitors company from competitors
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Techniques do Techniques do notnot require require unethical behavior:unethical behavior: Monitor industry and trade Monitor industry and trade
publicationspublications Talk to customers and suppliersTalk to customers and suppliers Listen to employees, especially Listen to employees, especially
sales representatives and sales representatives and purchasing agentspurchasing agents
Attend trade shows and Attend trade shows and conferencesconferences
CompetitorCompetitorAnalysisAnalysis
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Techniques do Techniques do notnot require unethical require unethical behavior:behavior: Monitor competitors’ employment adsMonitor competitors’ employment ads Conduct searches for patents filed by Conduct searches for patents filed by
competitorscompetitors Check EPA reports about manufacturingCheck EPA reports about manufacturing Search databases for types of materials Search databases for types of materials
and equipment competitors are and equipment competitors are importingimporting
CompetitorCompetitorAnalysisAnalysis
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Techniques do Techniques do notnot require unethical require unethical behavior:behavior: Study competitors' literature and Study competitors' literature and
"benchmark" their products and services"benchmark" their products and services Get competitors' credit reports and SEC Get competitors' credit reports and SEC
filingsfilings Check out the local libraryCheck out the local library Use the World Wide Web to learn more Use the World Wide Web to learn more
about competitorsabout competitors Visit competing businesses to observe their Visit competing businesses to observe their
operationsoperations
CompetitorCompetitorAnalysisAnalysis
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Step 6: Create Step 6: Create Company Goals and Company Goals and ObjectivesObjectives
Goals – broad, long-range attributes to be Goals – broad, long-range attributes to be accomplished; general and abstractaccomplished; general and abstract ““BHAGS” – one factor that sets apart BHAGS” – one factor that sets apart
successful companies from unsuccessful onessuccessful companies from unsuccessful ones Objectives – more detailed, specific Objectives – more detailed, specific
targets of performance that are S.M.A.R.T.targets of performance that are S.M.A.R.T. SSpecificpecific MMeasurableeasurable AAssignablessignable RRealistic (yet challenging)ealistic (yet challenging) TTimelyimely
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Step 7: Formulate Step 7: Formulate StrategiesStrategies StrategyStrategy
A “road map” that guides a company A “road map” that guides a company through a turbulent environment as it through a turbulent environment as it seeks to fulfill its mission, goals, and seeks to fulfill its mission, goals, and objectives objectives
Focused on the key success factors Focused on the key success factors identified in Step 4identified in Step 4 Mission, goals, and objectives = EndsMission, goals, and objectives = Ends Strategy = MeansStrategy = Means
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Three Strategic Three Strategic OptionsOptionsThree basic strategies:Three basic strategies:
Strategy?
Cost leadershipCost leadership
DifferentiationDifferentiation
FocusFocus
Three Strategic Three Strategic OptionsOptions
Source of Competitive AdvantageSource of Competitive Advantage
Target Target MarketMarket
IndustryIndustry
NicheNiche
Uniqueness PerceivedUniqueness Perceived by the Customerby the Customer
Low-CostLow-CostPositionPosition
DifferentiationDifferentiation
Low CostLow Cost
Differentiation Focus
Differentiation Focus
CostFocusCost
Focus
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2-29
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Cost LeadershipCost Leadership
Goal: to be Goal: to be thethe low-cost producer in the low-cost producer in the industry or market segmentindustry or market segment
Advantages: Advantages: Reaching buyers who buy on the basis of priceReaching buyers who buy on the basis of price Power to set the industry’s price floorPower to set the industry’s price floor
Works well when:Works well when: Buyers are sensitive to price changesBuyers are sensitive to price changes Competing firms sell the same commodity Competing firms sell the same commodity
productsproducts A company can benefit from economies of A company can benefit from economies of
scale scale
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DifferentiationDifferentiation Company seeks to build customer Company seeks to build customer
loyalty by positioning its goods or loyalty by positioning its goods or services in a unique or different fashionservices in a unique or different fashion
Idea is to be better than the competition Idea is to be better than the competition at something customers valueat something customers value
Key: Build basis for differentiation on a Key: Build basis for differentiation on a distinctive competence, something that distinctive competence, something that a small company is uniquely good at a small company is uniquely good at doing in comparison to its competitors doing in comparison to its competitors
Example: Classic AfricaExample: Classic Africa
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FocusFocus Company selects one or more Company selects one or more
customer segments in a market, customer segments in a market, identifies customers’ special needs, identifies customers’ special needs, wants, or interests, and then wants, or interests, and then targets them with a product or targets them with a product or service designed specifically for service designed specifically for themthem
Strategy builds on Strategy builds on differencesdifferences among market segmentsamong market segments
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FocusFocus Rather than try to serve the total Rather than try to serve the total
market, the company focuses on market, the company focuses on serving a niche (or several niches) serving a niche (or several niches) within that market within that market
Examples:Examples: Lena Blackburne Baseball Rubbing Lena Blackburne Baseball Rubbing
MudMud Oh My Dog SuppliesOh My Dog Supplies CretorsCretors
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Step 8: Strategies into Step 8: Strategies into Action PlansAction Plans
Create projects by defining:Create projects by defining: PurposePurpose ScopeScope ContributionContribution Resource requirementsResource requirements TimingTiming
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Step 9: Establish Step 9: Establish Accurate ControlsAccurate Controls
The plan establishes the standards The plan establishes the standards against which actual performance is against which actual performance is measured measured
Entrepreneur must:Entrepreneur must: Identify and track key performance Identify and track key performance
indicatorsindicators Take corrective actionTake corrective action
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Balanced ScorecardBalanced Scorecard
A set of measurements unique to a A set of measurements unique to a company that includes both financial company that includes both financial andand operational measures operational measures
Gives managers a quick yet Gives managers a quick yet comprehensive picture of a company’s comprehensive picture of a company’s overall performanceoverall performance
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Balanced ScorecardBalanced Scorecard
Five Perspectives:Five Perspectives:1.1. Customer: How do customers see us?Customer: How do customers see us?2.2. Internal Business: At what must we excel?Internal Business: At what must we excel?3.3. Innovation and Learning: Can we continue Innovation and Learning: Can we continue
to improve and create value?to improve and create value?4.4. Financial: How do we look to shareholders? Financial: How do we look to shareholders? 5.5. Corporate Citizenship: What must we do to Corporate Citizenship: What must we do to
meet our social responsibility to society as meet our social responsibility to society as a whole, the environment, the community, a whole, the environment, the community, and other stakeholders? and other stakeholders?
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Balanced ScorecardBalanced Scorecard
Customer
InternalBusiness
Innovation and Learning
Financial
CorporateCitizenship