Chapter 4Design andProblem Solving
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Design and Problem Solving4Chapter
Section 4.1 The Design Process
Section 4.2 Problem Solving
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4.1
The Design Process
Objectives Explain how creativity
influences design. Explain the importance of
engineering and appearance in design.
Discuss ways to evaluate designs.
Content Vocabulary innovation invention human factors engineering balance proportion unity
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Graphic Organizer
Use this graphic organizer to organize and write down information as you study.
4.1
The Design Process
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Get Started!
What are some basic principles of design for almost everything?
4.1
The Design Process
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The Role of Creativity
Creativity leads to ideas that are original and imaginative.
4.1
The Design Process
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The Role of Creativity
Historically, inventors like John Deere and Thomas Edison innovated and invented existing products or brand new devices.
innovationthe process of modifying an existing product or system
to improve it
4.1
The Design Process
inventionturning ideas and
imagination into new products and systems
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The Role of Engineering
Design and engineering work hand in hand.
Both consider a product’s durability, reliability, and usability.
4.1
The Design Process
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Human Factors Engineering
Designers think about how people use products, or human factors engineering.
They are interested comfort and function.
human factors engineeringthe design of equipment and
environments to promote human safety, health, and well-being; also called “ergonomics”
4.1
The Design Process
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Flexibility
Engineers determine a product’s flexibility to meet the needs of its potential users.
4.1
The Design Process
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The Role of Appearance
There are four principles of design that determine its success:
Balance
Proportion
Contrast
Unity
balancea state of steadiness or stability; one of the
principles of design
4.1
The Design Process
proportionthe correct relationship between sizes and
quantities in a design
unityfunction and form are carefully planned
and in harmony
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Evaluating Design
During the design process, a designer checks and critiques the final product.
4.1
The Design Process
Sample Design Checklist
Does it meet the end-user’s needs?
Was it delivered on time and under budget?
Can it be improved?What other questions would you include to evaluate a design?
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4.2
Problem Solving
Objectives List the six steps in problem
solving Describe an effective problem
statement.
Content Vocabulary problem statement brainstorming
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Graphic Organizer
Use this graphic organizer to organize and write down information as you study.
4.2
Problem Solving
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Get Started!
Discuss a problem you had and how you solved it.
4.2
Problem Solving
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Problem Solving Steps
Problem solving is part of the design process.
4.2
Problem Solving
The six steps to solving a problem are:
Define the problem. 1
2
3
4
5
6
Collect information.
Develop possible solutions.
Select one solution.
Put the solution to work.
Evaluate the solution.
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Problem Solving Steps
4.2
Problem Solving
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Define the Problem
You must identify a problem before you can solve it. This means defining it.
4.2
Problem Solving
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The Problem Statement
To identify and define the problem, designers create a problem statement.
problem statementa statement that clearly
identifies the problem that the product will solve
4.2
Problem Solving
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The Problem Statement
A problem statement helps focus your thinking.
Revise the statement to be absolutely clear.
4.2
Problem Solving
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Criteria and Constraints
Criteria are identified once the problem has been stated.
Find specifics and limitations that a designer should take into consideration when designing a product.
4.2
Problem Solving
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Collect Information
You can save time and find better solutions by looking at similar problems and solutions.
4.2
Problem Solving
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Develop Possible Solutions
Brainstorming is an important part of the problem-solving process.
Designers brainstorm at they collect information and develop possible solutions.
brainstorminga group technique that
helps you develop possible solutions to a problem very
quickly
4.2
Problem Solving
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Select One Solution
When selecting a solution, weigh the options of the other possible solutions.
Make an educated decision by looking at all your options.
4.2
Problem Solving
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Put the Solution to Work
The best way to test a solution is to use it.
Every solution needs to be evaluated, and most designs must be refined.
4.2
Problem Solving
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Evaluate the Solution
If the first solution does not work out, do not stick to it.
Look for better solutions and use new knowledge gained from trial and error.
4.2
Problem Solving
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Content Vocabulary Check
1. innovation
2. invention
3. human factors engineering
4. balance
5. proportion
innovation
The process of modifying an existing product or system to improve it
invention
Turning ideas and imagination into new
products and systems
human factors engineering
The design of equipment and environments to
promote human safety, health, and well-being;
also called “ergonomics”
balance
A state of steadiness or stability; one of the principles of design
proportion
The correct relationship between sizes and
quantities in a design
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Design and Problem Solving
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Content Vocabulary Check
6. unity
7. problem statement
8. brainstorming
unity
A state in which all parts of a design work together
problem statement
A statement that clearly defines a problem to be
solved
brainstorming
A group problem-solving technique in which
members call out possible solutions
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Design and Problem Solving
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4Chapter
Review
Design and Problem Solving
Answers1. All designs begin with a creative design2. Define the problem; collect information; develop possible solutions; select one solution; put the
solution to work; and evaluate the solution.3. balance, proportion, contrast, unity4. It helps designers select the best design.5. collecting information on solutions to similar problems
Quick Check 1. Explain how creativity influences design.
2. List the six steps in the problem-solving process.
3. Describe what makes a product attractive.
4. Discuss how problem solving is applied to design.
5. Discuss what is involved in finding solutions to problems.
End of
Chapter 4Design andProblem Solving