2 KEY IDEAS1-REPUBLICANISM
The rights of the people to control their destiny
2-INFLUENCE OF THE WHIGSThose who dislike the king
CHAPTER 7: ROAD TO REVOLUTION
How does America go from complacent colony to fiery
revolution?
“INSURRECTION OF THOUGHT USUALLY PRECEDES INSURRECTION OF DEED”COLONIES“HAPHAZARD ACCUMULATION OF NEW
WORLD LAND”LAND OWNERSHIP=POLITICAL POWER
MERCANTILISM BRITISH VIEW—COLONISTS EXIST TO
BENEFIT BRITAINWEALTH=POWERMEASURE WEALTH WITH GOLD & SILVERFAVORABLE BALANCE OF TRADESTRONG CENTRAL GOV’T
COLONISTSTREATED AS TENANTS1-furnish products2-buy goods3-ensure navy is best by building ships,
stores & increasing trade
HOW TO ENFORCE MERCANTILISM??1-NAVIGATION LAWSUse English ships onlyNot allowed to compete with English
industriesColonists not allowed to:
develop BanksPrint $*drains gold reserves
BENEFITS OF MERCANTILISM1-Price supports for ship parts2-Virginia has a monopoly on tobacco3-no cost for defense4-”trickle down” prosperity5-used by Spain & France too*still used today—”protective tariff”
PROBLEMS WITH MERCANTILISM1-stifled “economic initiative”2-southern colonies more profitable3-New England colonies—dislike favoritism-
lack of econ. freedom4-Virginia—”land grab”5-Colonies being “used” for the benefit of
the British crown
Impact of French & Indian War on Colonies1-Proclamation Line of 1763—no colonies
can go west of AppalachiaBritish can’t protect colonists from tribes &
French—so not allowed to go west
2-Sugar Act of 1764Increased the tax on foreign sugar imported
from West Indies$$$
Impact continued3-STAMP ACT OF 1765
MANDATORY USE OF STAMPED PAPER TO CERTIFY PAYMENT OF TAX
TAX PAYS FOR PROTECTION OF COLONISTS BY TROOPS
----repealed in March 17664-ORDER NAVY TO ENFORCE NAVIGATION ACTS5-QUARTERING ACT6-USE ADMIRALITY COURTS FOR OFFENDERS
Acts of Parliament continuedDeclaratory Act of 1766-make laws for Americans in all things“Parliament had to be powerful or it would
have no power at all”
Townshend Acts of 1767-tax on imports—lead, glass, paper, paint & tea
(indirect/internal tax)-reorganize customs service-pays for Royal Gov’r & judges
“NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION”!!!Prime Minister-Grenville
“Virtual” representation“direct” representation impossible
Americans make distinction between—legislative actions & taxing
PROTESTS
Boston Massacre 1770 British fire on colonists Starts as a “snowball
fight” Samuel Adams
—”master of propaganda”; leader of Sons of Liberty
Brit reaction-----repeal all but tea tax
MORE AMERICAN PROTESTSStamp Act Congress-1765Non-Importation Agreements¼ of all Brit exports go to colonies½ of all British shipping to colonies
Sons of LibertyCustoms agents “racketeers”1772-Committees of Correspondence
BOSTON TEA PARTY 1773Britain gave Brit. East India Company a
monopoly on teaSell tea to colonists at a low price, but Brit.
Gov’t still gets $$$
Protest-throw tea into Boston Harbor
INTOLERABLE ACTS OF 1774Closed port of BostonForbid gov’t meetingsTroops take over homesQuebec Act—extend Quebec to Ohio RiverTrials held in England for those accused of
a crime in the colonies
How does America go from complacent colony to fiery revolution?Reasons/Answers:
1774-1st Continental Congress
“complete boycott”No revolution/no
independence“The association”
*April, 1775—shots fired at Lexington & Concord
BRITAIN COLONIES
Advantages
Disadvantages
Advantages
Disadvantages
Battle of Concord
LoyalistLoyalist
StrongholStrongholdsds
Phase IPhase I:: The Northern The Northern CampaignCampaign[1775-1776][1775-1776]
Phase IIPhase II::
NY & PANY & PA[1777-1778][1777-1778]
Phase IIIPhase III:: The Southern The Southern Strategy Strategy [1780-1781][1780-1781]
North America After theNorth America After theTreaty of Paris, 1783Treaty of Paris, 1783
DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCEJULY 2, 1776"Yesterday the greatest question was
decided which ever was debated in America; and a greater perhaps never was, nor will be, decided among men. A resolution was passed without one dissenting colony, that those United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent States." (Letter to wife Abigail Adams, July 3, 1776)