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Chapter 8: Indoor Environmental Quality
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Learning Objectives
• Minimum indoor air quality performance
• Environmental tobacco smoke control
• Enhanced indoor air quality strategies
• Low-emitting materials
• Construction indoor air quality management plan
• Indoor air quality assessment
• Thermal comfort
• Interior lighting
• Daylight
• Quality views
• Acoustic performance2© 2014 - 2018 Conserve Green Building and MEP Solutions. All rights reserved.
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What constitutes Indoor Environment?
Air Quality
Thermal Comfort
Lighting Comfort
Acoustics
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Significant for schools
Significance
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• We spend 90% of the time indoor
• Indoor 2-5 times more polluted compared tooutdoors
• Improvement in indoor environment improvesproductivity and reduces absenteeism
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Minimum indoor air quality performance
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Intent
•To contribute to the comfort and well-being ofbuilding occupants by establishing minimumstandards for indoor air quality (IAQ).
Ventilation
Natural Ventilation
Mechanical Ventilation
Mixed mode
Ventilation
CIBSE ApplicationManual 10
ASHRAE 62.1 2010
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Enhanced indoor air quality strategies
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Intent
•To promote occupants’ comfort, well-being,and productivity by improving indoor airquality.
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Strategies & Implementation
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Increased Ventilation
•Provide increased ventilation beyond ASHRAE62.1 2010 requirements
• Increased ventilation is a tradeoff with energyperformance
•Consider Heat recovery ventilation andDemand Control ventilation to improve energyperformance
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Heat Recovery Wheel/Heat Recovery Ventilation
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Demand Control Ventilation
CO2 Sensor
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•Use entryway systems 10 feet long at all regular entrances
•In mechanically ventilated buildings, use MERV rated filters for all AHUs in accordance with ASHRAE 52.2-2007
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Entryway systems:
Filtration:
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Avoid Cross contamination from contaminated areas
• Janitor rooms, copier rooms & chemical storage rooms should be✓Directly exhausted
outside✓Negative Pressure✓Self closing doors✓Impermeable deck to
Partition
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Environmental tobacco smoke control
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Protect occupants from second hand smoke
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Intent
•To prevent or minimize exposure of buildingoccupants, indoor surfaces, and ventilation airdistribution systems to environmental tobaccosmoke
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Non Residential Projects
•Prohibit smoking inside the building•Prohibit smoking outside thebuilding except designated smokingareas.•Prohibit smoking outside thebuilding if spaces used for businesspurposes.•Provide signage indicating nosmoking policy within 10’ of allbuilding entrances.
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• Prohibit smoking in common areas• Ensure air tightness in the unit by
blower test• Weather seal Window and door
frames• Seal penetrations in walls and
ceilings• Demonstrate a maximum leakage
of 0.23cfm/sq.ft at 50 Pa
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Residential Projects: Compartmentalization of smoking areas
•Exterior Smoking areas shall be atleast 25’away from windows, doors or air intake points
Both Residential & Non Residential Projects
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Low-emitting materials
Paints & Coatings
Carpet & Flooring
Adhesives & Sealants
Composite & Agrifiber Materials
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Intent
•To reduce concentrations of chemicalcontaminants that can damage air quality,human health, productivity, and theenvironment.
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Significance
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• Finishing materials have high concentration ofpollutants such as Volatile OrganicCompounds(VOCs), Formaldehyde etc
• These pollutants pose serious problems onIAQ and to smog
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Strategies & Implementation
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Material LEED Compliance requirement
Adhesives, sealants, primers, Woodfinishes, floor coatings
Comply with VOCrequirements of South CoastAir Quality ManagementDistrict (SCAQMD)
Aerosol adhesives, Architectural paints &coatings, Interior anti-corrosive and anti-rust paint
Comply with Green Seal
Carpets Comply with Green Label Plus(Carpet and Rug Institute)
Carpet cushion Comply with Green Label(Carpet and Rug Institute)
Vinyl, linoleum, laminate, wood, ceramic,rubber flooring
Comply with FloorScore
Furniture and seating Comply with GREENGUARD
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Construction indoor air quality management plan
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Intent
•To promote the well-being of constructionworkers and building occupants by minimizingindoor air quality problems associated withconstruction and renovation.
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Strategies & Implementation
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▪ Develop an IAQ Management which meets the requirements of SMACNA IAQ Guidelines for buildings under construction
▪ IAQ Management shall cover✓Protection of HVAC equipment✓Source control✓Housekeeping✓Pathway interruption✓Scheduling
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▪ If permanently installed air handlers are usedduring construction, provide MERV(MinimumEfficiency Reporting Value) rated filters in allreturn grills.
▪ ASHRAE 52.2 provides methodology toevaluate MERV rating of filters
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Indoor air quality assessment
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Intent
•To establish better quality indoor air in thebuilding after construction and duringoccupancy.
▪ Flush the building bysupplying outdoor air
▪ Conduct IAQ test
Indoor Air Quality Assessment
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Thermal comfort
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Intent
•To promote occupants’ productivity, comfort,and well-being by providing quality thermalcomfort.
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▪HVAC design should comply with ASHRAE standard 55 2010 for thermal comfort.
▪Thermal comfort depends on parameters such as temperature, humidity, air velocity etc.,
Thermal comfort
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Thermal comfort controllability
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• Provide more number of operable controls for the occupants to control the thermal environment such as temperature & air velocity.
• Thermostats, fans, accessible diffusers & operable windows are acceptable control devices.
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Thermal comfort Verification
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• Thermal comfort survey to be conducted within one year after occupancy.
• At least a satisfaction level of 80% has to be achieved
• If more than 20% of the occupants dissatisfied corrective actions to be taken.
Interior lighting
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Intent
•To promote occupants’ productivity, comfort,and well-being by providing high-qualitylighting.
▪Provide individual lighting controls for workstations▪Shared multi occupant spaces like meeting rooms should have controls for different lighting requirements
Interior Lighting
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Day light &
Quality Views
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Intent
•Daylight:
To connect building occupants with theoutdoors, reinforce circadian rhythms, andreduce the use of electrical lighting byintroducing daylight into the space.
•Quality Views:
To give building occupants a connection to thenatural outdoor environment by providingquality views.
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▪ Optimize the glazing orientation to maximizedaylight and minimize heat gain/heat loss
▪ Use day lighting devices such as light shelves, suntubes etc
Day light & Quality Views
External & Internal Light Shelves
Sun tubes
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▪ Use glare control devices likeinternal and external shades
▪ Consider using Automatedshading devices
▪ Reduce reflective glazing whichmay cause external glare and birdcollision
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Acoustic performance
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Intent
•To provide workspaces and classrooms thatpromote occupants’ well-being, productivity,and communications through effective acousticdesign.
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▪ Reduce background noise from HVAC Equipment▪ Sound Transmission Class and Reverberation time to comply with relevant standards
Acoustic Performance
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• Minimum indoor air quality performance
• Environmental tobacco smoke control
• Enhanced indoor air quality strategies
• Low-emitting materials
• Construction indoor air quality management plan
• Indoor air quality assessment
• Thermal comfort
• Interior lighting
• Daylight
• Quality views
• Acoustic performance
Summary
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