Technology- the use of scientific discoveries
• Examples:
T.V.; artificial hearts; telephones; computers; robots; plastic razors; fast food wrappers
Advantages/Disadvantages• Disposable items are more convenient/ but fill our landfills
• cars allow us to travel freely/ but they use fossil fuels that pollute air
Scientific Method-a series of steps used to solve problems• Define the problem.• Make a hypothesis.• Experiment/analyze the results.• Draw conclusions.• ***Steps vary according to the scientist
and the problem.
Variables• Scientists design an
experiment so that changes to one item cause something else to vary in a predictable way.
Variables (cont.)
•An experiment usually has three kinds of variables: independent, dependent, and controlled.
The independent variable is the one that is changed by the scientist and there is only one independent variable.
Variables (cont.)
• Dependent variable changes in response to the independent variable. Often more than 1 dependent variable.
•Controls are used to prevent factors other than those being studied from affecting the outcome.
Variables (cont.)
Lab. Safety
• Before beginning a lab., understand all safety procedures.
• Wear goggles when heating, pouring, or using chemicals.
Lab. Safety• Always slant test tubes
away from all students when heating them. Keep materials away from flames, including hair and clothing.
• Never eat or drink in the lab. Never inhale chemicals.
Lab. Safety
• Know what to do in case of a fire.
• Report any accident or injury to your teacher.
•Clean up after experiments and wash hands after using chemicals.
Measurement• Should always include a number
and a unit of measureExamples:
length= 152cm
latitude=31°N
time= 7:52 A.M.
***Metric is always used in Science.
Temperature • Boiling point=temp. at which substance boils• Melting point=temp. at which substance melts• Freezing point=temp. at which substance
freezes• Example for water: Boiling point=100°C• Absolute Zero (-273C°)
GraphingTypes of graphs:•bar•pie•line
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1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr
East
West
North
BAR GRAPH
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1stQtr
2ndQtr
3rdQtr
4thQtr
East
West
North
• Bar graphs are commonly used to compare information
• Uses thick bars to display info.
PIE GRAPH
SCHOOL TRANSPORTATION
BUS RIDERS 62%
CAR RIDERS 25%
WALKERS 13%
•Uses parts of a circle to
show info.
LINE GRAPH
H 5
E 4
I 3
G 2
H 1
T
(m)
JAN APRIL JULY OCT DECMONTHS
CRABGRASS GROWTH
Shows relationship between 2 types of info.