Chemical Reactions and Enzymes

Do Now

Ice melting in the Arctic at record pace

So what? Why is the entire world jockeying for this melted territory?

Homework• Answer Questions 1-7 of the Chapter 2 Assessment

Review• Because Carbon has 4 valence electrons, it can create strong

covalent bonds with other elements• Bonds can be:

• Single• Double• Triple

Review• These are massive amounts of molecules.• Formed by polymerization

• Combining small compounds to create larger ones• Smaller ones – monomers • Larger – Polymers• Divided into four categories

Review• Carbohydrates• Lipids• Nucleic acids• Proteins • Where do we see these in everyday life?

Carbohydrates•Simple sugars – Monosaccharides

• Galactose – milk• Fructose – fruit

Complex Sugars• Marcromolocules created from monosaccharides

Lipids• Fats, oils and waxes• Not soluble in water• Used to store energy

Saturated/Unsaturated Lipids• SATURATED• Carbon joined by a single bond with hydrogen• Maximum number of Hydrogen bonds

•UNSATURATED• At least 1 carbon double bond

Nucleic Acid• Macromolecule

• Hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon and phosphorus• Transmits and stores genetic information• 2 kinds of nucleic acid:• DNA and RNA

Protein• Contain nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen•ACTION• For important cellular structures• Transport substances in and out of cells to fight disease

Chemical Reactions• Changes one set of chemicals to another• Involve changes in the chemical bonds that join atoms in

compounds.• What can be applied to a set of chemicals that can change

their shape?• How can you change waters shape?

Enzyme• Catalyst – Speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction• Less energy needed to be applied to create reaction

Exampleoxidation of hydrocarbons in automobile exhaustsCatalyst: copper(II) oxide, vanadium(V) oxide, platinum, palladium

Homework• Answer Questions 1-7 of the Chapter 2 Assessment