590 School Science and Mathematics

The final chapter 9 looks to the future in the area of chemicals from fermenta-tion. He calls attention that it was barely 100 years ago that Pasteur made thefirst known study of fermentation. Much has been done in the first hundredyears. He feels that we can expect many more developments in the next 100years.As an appendix, we have three headings�(1) Formulas, (2) Glossary of terms,

(3) A bibliography.Here is a well written source book in chemistry that is quite readable by the

non-specialist.GERALD OSBORNWestern Michigan University

CHILLING DOES NOT CAUSE COLDSChilling, or lowering the body temperature does not cause the common cold

three National Institutes of Health researchers discovered when they subjected43 volunteers to a variety of "cold-catching77 situations.

It is the rhinovirus that is the major cause of colds, at least in adults, the in-vestigators report in the Journal of the American Medical Association.Some of the volunteers spent one and a half to two and a half hours in a room

where the temperature hovered around 40 degrees F., the kind of short-termchilling commonly believed to bring on a cold. Others were placed in cool baths,which lowered their body temperatures two degrees. But unless the virus waspresent, little effect was noted.

CREATION: BIG BANG, PLUS HEAVY ELEMENT FORMATIONElements heavier than helium could not have been formed in the "big bang75 in

which the cosmos may have been created, models of universes calculated mathe-matically on a computer have shown. This neither proves nor disproves the bigbang theory, but it puts the formation of the elements heavier than helium on adifferent time scale.

Drs. William A. Fowler and Robert V. Waggoner of the California Institute ofTechnology, with Dr. Fred Hoyle, director of the Institute of Theoretical As-tronomy in Cambridge, England, tested out mathematical models of every con-ceivable universe.None of them, Dr. Fowler reported, allows for synthesis of any elements other

than hydrogen and helium, the lightest and second lightest known. The heavyelements are believed to have been formed later in violent or explosive events,such as a supernova.

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