China limits European China limits European ContactContact
China limits European China limits European ContactContact
Chapter 19 Section2Chapter 19 Section2
China Under the Ming DynastyChina Under the Ming Dynasty
1368-1644
Vassal states from Korea to Southeast Asia paid tribute to Ming
payment system acknowledging submission-Kowtowing
Europeans expected to do the same
Ming rulers intent on preserving peace and prosperity after they ended Mongol rule
1368-1644
Vassal states from Korea to Southeast Asia paid tribute to Ming
payment system acknowledging submission-Kowtowing
Europeans expected to do the same
Ming rulers intent on preserving peace and prosperity after they ended Mongol rule
First VoyageFirst Voyage: 1405-1407 [62 : 1405-1407 [62 ships; 27,800 men].ships; 27,800 men].
Second VoyageSecond Voyage: 1407-1409 : 1407-1409 [Ho didn’t go on this trip].[Ho didn’t go on this trip].
Third VoyageThird Voyage: 1409-1411 [48 : 1409-1411 [48 ships; 30,000 men]. ships; 30,000 men].
Fourth VoyageFourth Voyage: 1413-1415 [63 : 1413-1415 [63 ships; 28,500 men].ships; 28,500 men].
Fifth VoyageFifth Voyage: 1417-1419: 1417-1419Sixth VoyageSixth Voyage: 1421-1422: 1421-1422Emperor Zhu Gaozhi cancelled Emperor Zhu Gaozhi cancelled
future trips and ordered ship future trips and ordered ship builders and sailors to stop builders and sailors to stop work.work.
Seventh VoyageSeventh Voyage: 1431-1433: 1431-1433Emperor Zhu Zhanji resumed Emperor Zhu Zhanji resumed
the voyages in 1430 to the voyages in 1430 to restore peaceful relations restore peaceful relations with Malacca & Siamwith Malacca & Siam
100 ships and 27,500 men; 100 ships and 27,500 men; Cheng Ho died on the return Cheng Ho died on the return trip.trip.
First VoyageFirst Voyage: 1405-1407 [62 : 1405-1407 [62 ships; 27,800 men].ships; 27,800 men].
Second VoyageSecond Voyage: 1407-1409 : 1407-1409 [Ho didn’t go on this trip].[Ho didn’t go on this trip].
Third VoyageThird Voyage: 1409-1411 [48 : 1409-1411 [48 ships; 30,000 men]. ships; 30,000 men].
Fourth VoyageFourth Voyage: 1413-1415 [63 : 1413-1415 [63 ships; 28,500 men].ships; 28,500 men].
Fifth VoyageFifth Voyage: 1417-1419: 1417-1419Sixth VoyageSixth Voyage: 1421-1422: 1421-1422Emperor Zhu Gaozhi cancelled Emperor Zhu Gaozhi cancelled
future trips and ordered ship future trips and ordered ship builders and sailors to stop builders and sailors to stop work.work.
Seventh VoyageSeventh Voyage: 1431-1433: 1431-1433Emperor Zhu Zhanji resumed Emperor Zhu Zhanji resumed
the voyages in 1430 to the voyages in 1430 to restore peaceful relations restore peaceful relations with Malacca & Siamwith Malacca & Siam
100 ships and 27,500 men; 100 ships and 27,500 men; Cheng Ho died on the return Cheng Ho died on the return trip.trip.
Ming Dynasty COnt’dMing Dynasty COnt’d
How did Hongwu bring stability to China?
began reforms to restore agriculture destroyed by war
restored civil service exam system
encouraged a return to Confucian moral standards
How did Hongwu bring stability to China?
began reforms to restore agriculture destroyed by war
restored civil service exam system
encouraged a return to Confucian moral standards
What were some of his agricultural reforms?
increased rice production
improved irrigation
introduced fish farming
growing commercial crops
sugar cane
cotton
What were some of his agricultural reforms?
increased rice production
improved irrigation
introduced fish farming
growing commercial crops
sugar cane
cotton
Ming Dynasty Map1368-1644Ming Dynasty Map1368-1644
Why was only the government allowed to conduct foreign trade?
limit foreign influence to a minimum
three ports of trade only-Canton, Macao and Ningbo
How did foreign trade affect Ming China?
trade flourished up and down coast because of smuggling
increase in manufacturing
introduction of Christianity and European inventions
Why was only the government allowed to conduct foreign trade?
limit foreign influence to a minimum
three ports of trade only-Canton, Macao and Ningbo
How did foreign trade affect Ming China?
trade flourished up and down coast because of smuggling
increase in manufacturing
introduction of Christianity and European inventions
Ming Dynast Cont’dMing Dynast Cont’d
Ming Dynasty, 1368-1644 C.E.Ming Dynasty, 1368-1644 C.E.
Golden Age of Chinese Art
Moderation
Softness
Gracefulness
Hundreds of thousands ofworkers constructed theForbidden City.
Golden Age of Chinese Art
Moderation
Softness
Gracefulness
Hundreds of thousands ofworkers constructed theForbidden City.
The Manchus invade china and begin the qing dynastyThe Manchus invade china and begin the qing dynasty
How did the Manchu rulers gain the respect of the Chinese people?
preserved Chinese traditions and Confucian beliefs
restored prosperity and peace
How were traditional styles reflected in Chinese culture?
reflected technical skills rather than creativity
plays depicted Chinese history and heroes
How did the Manchu rulers gain the respect of the Chinese people?
preserved Chinese traditions and Confucian beliefs
restored prosperity and peace
How were traditional styles reflected in Chinese culture?
reflected technical skills rather than creativity
plays depicted Chinese history and heroes
Emperor KangxiEmperor Kangxi
QIng Dynasty1644-1911 QIng Dynasty1644-1911
Qing Dynasty Cont’dQing Dynasty Cont’d
What restrictions did the Manchus place on foreign trade?
restricted to special ports
demanded tribute and “kowtow” rituals
Why did the Chinese accept the Dutch and reject the British as trading partners?
The Dutch followed Chinese rules while the British refused to kowtow
What restrictions did the Manchus place on foreign trade?
restricted to special ports
demanded tribute and “kowtow” rituals
Why did the Chinese accept the Dutch and reject the British as trading partners?
The Dutch followed Chinese rules while the British refused to kowtow
The Tribute systemThe Tribute systemThe Tribute systemThe Tribute system
RecapRecap
What three things stick out most in your mind about what you have learned?
What do you believe was the most significant accomplishment of the Chinese dynasties covered here?
What three things stick out most in your mind about what you have learned?
What do you believe was the most significant accomplishment of the Chinese dynasties covered here?
Japanese Feudal SocietyJapanese Feudal Society
Japan returns to isolationHow did each of the following help to unify Japan?Japan returns to isolationHow did each of the following help to unify Japan?
Daimyo
fought each other for over a century, eventually one was victorious and unified Japan
Oda Nobunaga
seized imperial capital and set out to eliminate rivals
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
continued Nobunaga’s mission, gained control over most of the country
Tokugawa Ieyasu
defeated rivals
completed unification
founded Tokugawa Shogunate
Daimyo
fought each other for over a century, eventually one was victorious and unified Japan
Oda Nobunaga
seized imperial capital and set out to eliminate rivals
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
continued Nobunaga’s mission, gained control over most of the country
Tokugawa Ieyasu
defeated rivals
completed unification
founded Tokugawa Shogunate
how did each of the following influence japanese society and culture?
how did each of the following influence japanese society and culture?
Tokugawa Shogunate
brought about more than two centuries of stability, prosperity and isolation
Portuguese
introduced many new items, ex, firearms=changed samurai traditions, fortification of castles and eventually growth of cities and towns
Christian Missionaries
at first, convert Japanese; later, religious persecution and eventual end of Christianity in Japan
“Closed Country” policy
allowed Tokugawa Shoguns to monopolize foreign trade; made Japan self-sufficient and closed to European influences
Tokugawa Shogunate
brought about more than two centuries of stability, prosperity and isolation
Portuguese
introduced many new items, ex, firearms=changed samurai traditions, fortification of castles and eventually growth of cities and towns
Christian Missionaries
at first, convert Japanese; later, religious persecution and eventual end of Christianity in Japan
“Closed Country” policy
allowed Tokugawa Shoguns to monopolize foreign trade; made Japan self-sufficient and closed to European influences
Japanese feudal societyJapanese feudal society
Emperor
reigned, but
did not always
rule!
Emperor
reigned, but
did not always
rule!
SamuraiSamurai
Oda Oda nobunaganobunaga
(1534-(1534-1582)1582)
Oda Oda nobunaganobunaga
(1534-(1534-1582)1582)
Unifies a large part of Japan
Unifies a large part of Japan
Toyotomi HideyoshiToyotomi Hideyoshi(1536-1598)(1536-1598)
Toyotomi HideyoshiToyotomi Hideyoshi(1536-1598)(1536-1598)
Becomes suspiciousBecomes suspicious of European of European
territorial ambitions. territorial ambitions.
Orders all European missionaries expelled
from Japan.
Becomes suspiciousBecomes suspicious of European of European
territorial ambitions. territorial ambitions.
Orders all European missionaries expelled
from Japan.
Tokugawa Ieyasu Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543-(1543-1616)1616)
Tokugawa Ieyasu Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543-(1543-1616)1616)
Unifies Japan.Unifies Japan.
Appointed shogun by the Emperor.
Unifies Japan.Unifies Japan.
Appointed shogun by the Emperor.
Tokugawa Shogunate PeriodTokugawa Shogunate Period
Japan closed off to all trade Japan closed off to all trade
[except to the Dutch and Chinese]. [except to the Dutch and Chinese]. Merchant class becomes rich! Merchant class becomes rich!
New art forms New art forms haikuhaiku poetry, poetry, kabukikabuki Domestic trade flourishes.Domestic trade flourishes.
Towns, esp. castle towns, increase.Towns, esp. castle towns, increase.
The Dutch were restricted to a The Dutch were restricted to a
small island in Nagasaki harbor. small island in Nagasaki harbor.
Japanese Christians persecuted Japanese Christians persecuted
and Christianity is forbidden. and Christianity is forbidden.
The government is centralized with allThe government is centralized with all
power in the hands of the shogun. power in the hands of the shogun.
Japan closed off to all trade Japan closed off to all trade
[except to the Dutch and Chinese]. [except to the Dutch and Chinese]. Merchant class becomes rich! Merchant class becomes rich!
New art forms New art forms haikuhaiku poetry, poetry, kabukikabuki Domestic trade flourishes.Domestic trade flourishes.
Towns, esp. castle towns, increase.Towns, esp. castle towns, increase.
The Dutch were restricted to a The Dutch were restricted to a
small island in Nagasaki harbor. small island in Nagasaki harbor.
Japanese Christians persecuted Japanese Christians persecuted
and Christianity is forbidden. and Christianity is forbidden.
The government is centralized with allThe government is centralized with all
power in the hands of the shogun. power in the hands of the shogun.
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