WIGOS related matters
9-11 September, Thimphu, Buthan
Taslima Imam
Sr. Meteorologist, Bangladesh Meteorological Department
Email –[email protected]
Regional Workshop on Implementation of Weather and Climate-related Services in the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) in
Asia
BangladeshPresentation
Geographical Location:Bangladesh extends from 20°34’N to 26°38’N latitude and from 88°01’E to 92°41’E longitude. Except the hilly southeast, most of the country is a low-lying plain land. It is surrounded by the Assam Hills in the east, the Meghalaya Plateau in the north, the lofty Himalayas lying farther to the north. To its south lies the Bay of Bengal and to the west lie the plain land of West Bengal and the vast tract of the Gangetic Plain.
Regional Workshop on Implementation of Weather and Climate-related Services in (LDCs) in Asia
• The total land area: 147, 570 sq km.
• Total population: 163 million -2013
• Population density: 1174.33 per sq. Km.
• Ad. Division: Seven Divisions.
• Climate: Monsoon dominating tropical.
Regional Workshop on Implementation of Weather and Climate-related Services in (LDCs) in Asia
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
Rai
nfal
l in
mm
Months
Monthly normal rainfall
Seasonal rainfall distribution
Regional Workshop on Implementation of Weather and Climate-related Services in (LDCs) in Asia
Seasons:Winter -Dec-Feb.Pre Monsoon - Mar-MayMonsoon-Jun -SepPost Monsoon -Oct-Nov .
Annual Rainfall distribution
* Duration of each phenomenon may change a little bit every year.
Lowest Temp.2.8 deg Celsius04 Feb 1968Srimongal
Highest Temp.45.1 deg Celsius18 Mar 1972Rajshahi
Highest Rainfall590 mm/day15 Jun 2001Sandwip
Strongest Wind225 km/h29 Apr 1991Sandwip
(Cyclone)
Bangladesh is a natural disaster prone country, Due to extreme disaster events cause more than 500,000 deaths since 1971.
The risk profile:• Highest number of exposed
people to flooding per year globally (20 million)
• 5 million people exposed to cyclones per year, the highest globally
• 400,000 people exposed per year to storm surge.
CycloneFloodRiver erosionDroughtsLand slides
Regional Workshop on Implementation of Weather and Climate-related Services in (LDCs) in Asia
142.319 million people with an average population density of 964 inhabitants per square kilometer (2011)36 million people living in the coastal region, this represents about 28% of the total population of Bangladesh
. The total land area is 147, 570 sq km.The coastal zone covers 47,201 square kilometer land area, which is 32 percent of total landmass of the country.
230 major rivers
Regional Workshop on Implementation of Weather and Climate-related Services in (LDCs) in Asia
DateMaximum Wind speed (km/hr)
Storm Surge height (Meter)
Death Toll
11 May 1965 161 3.7-7.6 19,279
15 December 1965 217 2.4-3.6 873
01 October 1966 139 6.0-6.7 850
12 November 1970 224 6.0-10.0 300,000
25 May 1985 154 3.0-4.6 11,069
29 April 1991 225 6.0-7.6 138,882
19 May 1997 232 3.1-4.6 155
15 November (SIDR)
2007 223 -- 3363
25 May (AILA) 2009 92 -- 190
Major cyclones that hit the Bangladesh coast
Regional Workshop on Implementation of Weather and Climate-related Services in (LDCs) in Asia
Major National Economic sectors relying on Met Services:•Agriculture.
•Transportation (riverine movement).
•Aviation.
•Health.
•Climate adaptation.
•Poultry.
•Drainage.
Regional Workshop on Implementation of Weather and Climate-related Services in (LDCs) in Asia
MoD
Secretary
DD
Regional Workshop on Implementation of Weather and Climate-related Services in (LDCs) in Asia
Honorable Prime Minister
Director PR
•Daily weather forecast . Archives all weather and climate data.
•Warnings, Advisories.
•Forecast/ Warnings for Aviation Sector Air force, Army& Civil Aviation.
•Forecast/ Warnings for Sea Navigation.
•Forecast/ Warnings for Riverine movement.
•Provision of Agro-meteorological services to farmers.
•Earthquake information, Tsunami Advisories/ Warnings.
•Special weather forecast for all VVIP & VIP movements.VIP
•Provide rainfall data, forecasts/warnings, radar and satellite image for the operation of flood forecasting and warning system.
FFWC
Regional Workshop on Implementation of Weather and Climate-related Services in (LDCs) in Asia
BMD HeadquarterAgargaon, Dhaka
Prime Minister’s
Office
Water Development
Board
Hazrat Shahjalal ® International
Airport
Bangladesh Television
Bangladesh
Air force
Microwave link
DDNDigital data network
VSAT – APSTAR satelliteVery small aperture terminal
Radio Link
BMD Domestic Network BMD Domestic Network ( LAN / MAN)
Regional Workshop on Implementation of Weather and Climate-related Services in (LDCs) in Asia
Warning Dissemination System
BMD
WEBSITE
DDM
• Synoptic observatories : 35
• Pilot Observatories : 10
• Rawinsonde Observatories : 3
• Agromet observatories : 12
• Automatic Weather Station:7
• Automatic Rain Gauge: 12
• Synoptic Observatory
• Pilot Balloon Observatory
• Rawinsonde Observatory
• Agromet Observatory
Location of Observatories
New 49 AWS are in the
implementation stage & all Observatories will be automatic.
Regional Workshop on Implementation of Weather and Climate-related Services in (LDCs) in Asia
• Surface Climatological Station: No SCS Providing m onthly average data.
Instruments:
Dry & wet bulb thermometerMaximum &Minimum thermometerBarometerRain gaugeEvaporation basinSoil thermometerSunshine recorderCup anemometerWind vane.
Data collection: Manually & store in a data base.
Synoptic Observatory
Regional Workshop on Implementation of Weather and Climate-related Services in (LDCs) in Asia
Regional Workshop on Implementation of Weather and Climate-related Services in (LDCs) in Asia
Observation: According to the WMO standard and practice
87 88 89 90 91 92 9320
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
Dhaka
Mymensingh
Tangail
Faridpur
Madaripur
Chittagong
SandwipSitakunda Rangamati
ComillaChandpur
M.CourtFeni
Hatiya
Cox's_Bazar
Kutubdia
Teknaf
Sylhet
SrimangalRajshahi
Ishurdi
Bogra
RangpurDinajpur
Sayedpur
Khulna
Mongla
Satkhira
Jessore
Chuadanga
Barisal
Patuakhali
Khepupara
Bhola
Bay of Bengal
INDIA
INDIA
INDIA
Local data collection from 35 Synoptic Observatories through Local data collection from 35 Synoptic Observatories through InternetInternet
Regional Workshop on Implementation of Weather and Climate-related Services in (LDCs) in Asia
Internet
Storm Warning Centre.
Sensors:1) Pressure: Transducer : capacitive.2) Solar Radiation & Solar duration: Pyranometer type(direct &diffuse solar irradiance)3) Rain gauge:(Tipping bucket)4) Temperature : Max. Min.(PRT based precision thermistor, resistive)5) Wind: Mechanical type.6) Relative Humidity: captive type.
Communication:Modem GPRS, SMS system.
Power:Hybrid ( commercial AC-220volt / Solar Panel / storage battery / Charger control )
AWS - Number – 6 - JICA.
One central station: data receives every ½ an hour and daily files from all AWS,via modem with SIM configured for GPRS protocol
Regional Workshop on Implementation of Weather and Climate-related Services in (LDCs) in Asia
Status: Data assimilation/validation not yet done and not connected to GTS.
Sensors:1) Pressure: Transducer : capacitive.2) Solar Radiation: Pyranometer type(direct &diffuse solar irradiance)3) Rain gauge:(Tipping bucket)4) Temperature : Max. Min.(PRT based precision thermistor, resistive)5) Soil Moisture: 6) Wind: Ultrasonic wind (7- new/8 - turbojet(old).7) Relative Humidity: captive type.
Communication:Modem GPRS( TCP-IP Protocol)
Power:Hybrid ( commercial AC-220volt / Solar Panel / storage battery / Charger control )
AWS (Agromet)- Number – 20 -GoB.
One central station: receives 1 minute and daily files from all AWS, via modem with SIM configured for GPRS protocol
Regional Workshop on Implementation of Weather and Climate-related Services in (LDCs) in Asia
Status: Data assimilation/validation not yet done and not connected to GTS.
Radar Network of BMD
Radar location
• Khepupara (Doppler)
• Cox ’s Bazar (Doppler)
• Dhaka• Rangpur• Moulvibazar (Doppler)
Regional Workshop on Implementation of Weather and Climate-related Services in (LDCs) in Asia
VSAT – APSTAR satellite
Very small aperture terminal
First Satellite Ground Receiving Stations was established at Dhaka in 1998 GMS & NOAA Satellite Ground Receiving Stations
SATELLITE MTSAT
Data application :
Met. data are used for real time disaster monitoring & forecasting.
Requirement
Data assimilation in NWP need to be done.
Need to establish a climate monitoring system for climate service.
More involvement in meteorological data utilization in socio economic development aspect is required.
Need to establish data management system.
Regional Workshop on Implementation of Weather and Climate-related Services in (LDCs) in Asia
DDN link of BTCLTCP-IP socket protocolReliable & Automatic
RTH Delhi
Regional Workshop on Implementation of Weather and Climate-related Services in (LDCs) in Asia
Regional Meteorological Telecom Network:
GTS link: 64kbps.
GISC: Tokyo.( collecting products through internet )
Network of observation within/outside Met Service:
There is no network within/outside Met. Service.
(Digital Data Network link of Bangladesh Telecommunications Company Limited .)
Knowledge about WIS and progress in WIS implementation :
Regional Workshop on Implementation of Weather and Climate-related Services in (LDCs) in Asia
BMD has knowledge on WIS. Two BMD personnel were attended at the Regional Training Seminar (WIS) Beijing China & JMA workshop on WIS implementation. The focal point of WIS of BMD: Md. Abdul Matin. (Sr.Com. Eng) Principal GISC – GISC New Delhi but Collecting products from GISC-Tokyo. Communication system: Internet. Not yet fully ready to implement.(?) Need training and other support for implementation ( ?) in BMD. Buffer Converter is installed –WMO. Discovery Metadata format is done/ solution adopted. Capacity development, e.g. staff training on WIS MD is badly required .
Knowledge about WIS and progress in WIS implementation :
Regional Workshop on Implementation of Weather and Climate-related Services in (LDCs) in Asia
Table-driven Code Forms (TDCF):Migration of Table-driven Code Forms (TDCF) from Traditional Alphanumeric Codes (TAC) done but there is still have some problem regarding handling of message. Because weather charts are till plotting manually though we have software for plotting and analysis. As without reliable support of TDCF in BMD system. it will not be able to communicate with rest of the meteorological world, to understand the data received as well as to send data to others but still BMD has lack of Knowledge regarding the TDCF.Training is badly required for BMD staff on migration of TDCF. ( Comma separated value CSV format)
Main challenges currently facing the NMHS:Lack of skilled manpower, technical support and funding.Organizational up-gradation .WeaknessMore accurate area & time specific storm surge forecast.Seasonal forecast for agriculture and food security.Establish Bay observation system and increase AWS.Establishment of NWP system.All concerned Staff are not trained on WIS, WIS MD & Migration of TDCF.BMD don’t have organized climate data & sector specific climate information service providing system.
Key achievement The remarkable reduction of death tolls of tropical cyclones
for better forecast. Buffer Converter –WMO and opportunity to collect product through GISC-Tokyo.
Regional Workshop on Implementation of Weather and Climate-related Services in (LDCs) in Asia
Future Plans or Requirements
Regional Workshop on Implementation of Weather and Climate-related Services in (LDCs) in Asia
Capacity building- training & infrastructural development. Increase computing power to run NWP models.
Expansion of weather observation network with AWS.
Establishment of end to end quick dissemination system.
Area and time specific storm surge (coastal inundation) forecast.
Capability to provide middle to long range Seasonal forecasts for agriculture and food security.
Establishment of research activities on weather and climate change.
Need Collaboration with other organizations for data sharing.
Training for Capacity Building to establish an effective climate service. Tailor made climate product generation system / Brand Climate Product
Upgradation of GTS with increased bandwidth and setup the National Centre under WIS.
Establishment of BUFR conversion system for CLIMAT data of BMD.
Develop a Climate Zoning Map. PWS training in all sectors i.e. communication skills with users &
media and TV weather presentation.
WIS- facilities with dedicated link between GISC- New Delhi.
Organizational up-gradation.
Future Plans or Requirements
Regional Workshop on Implementation of Weather and Climate-related Services in (LDCs) in Asia
Establishment of NWP system. Modernization of seismological equipment &
expansion of seismic network. Establishment of AWS and wind profilers for BMD. Modernization of upper air observation system. Replacement and construction of hydrogen plant. Modernization of meteorological training institute
and construction of hostel for trainers. Construction of residential quarter for
operational personnel at Dhaka. Modernization of meteorological workshop and
laboratory at Dhaka. Establishment of 13 meteorological observatories. Modernization of agro-meteorological observatory
with latest telemetry.
Proposed Projects: (five year plan)
Regional Workshop on Implementation of Weather and Climate-related Services in (LDCs) in Asia
Key recommendations GFCS and WIS 1.Increase capability to provide middle to long range Seasonal forecasts for agriculture and food security to all LDCs. 2. Upgradation of GTS with increased bandwidth and setup the National Centre under WIS at LDCs. 3. Help to establish WIS- facilities with dedicated link between respective GISC of LDCs. 4. Training on WIS for all LDCs. 5. Upgradation of Training Institute and provide expert support to Met. Services. 6. Provide support to LDCs to establish sector specific climate service. for sustainable development. 7. Need support to increase observation network for all LDCs. 7. Capacity building programme for LDCS up to their requirement.
Regional Workshop on Implementation of Weather and Climate-related Services in (LDCs) in Asia