Comparing Plant and Animal CellsChapter 1 Lesson 2
What we already know…
▪ All living things are made of cells
▪ Some animals and plants are made of many cells and some are only made of one single cell
▪ But, plant and animals cells are not identical
Animal Cell Plant Cell
Similarities of Plan and Animal Cells
▪ Both have a cell membrane
▪ Cell membranes are a thin layer that surrounds and holds cells together
▪ Kind of like how skin holds us together!
Cell Membrane
Similarities and Differences of Plan and Animal Cells
▪ Both are filled with Cytoplasm
▪ Cytoplasm is a gel like substance containing chemicals needed by the cell.
Cytoplasm
Similarities and Differences of Plan and Animal Cells
▪ Both cells have a Nucleus
▪ The Nucleus is the information and control center of the cell. ▪ Kind of like your brain!
▪ The nucleus is also where DNA is stored.
▪ DNA is the chemical inside cells that stores information about an organism.
Difference:
▪ Some large animal cells have more than one nucleus. All plant cells only have one.
Nucleus
Similarities and Differences of Plan and Animal Cells
▪ Both have mitochondria.
▪ Mitochondria is an organelle that uses oxygen to break down food and release energy in chemical bonds.▪ Kind of like your digestion
system!
Difference
▪ Animal cells mainly use Mitochondria for their energy. Plants use something called chloroplast.
Mitochondria
Similarities and Differences of Plan and Animal Cells
▪ Both have Vacuoles
▪ Vacuoles store substances such as food, water, and waste products▪ Like a storage facility
Difference
▪ Animal cells have many small Vacuoles. Plants have one large vacuole.
Vacuoles
Similarities and Differences of Plan and Animal Cells
▪ Both have Ribosomes
▪ Ribosomes are a protein builder of the cell
Ribosomes
Similarities and Differences of Plan and Animal Cells
▪ They both have endoplasmic reticulum
▪ Endoplasmic Reticulum are a system of tubes that processes and transports proteins outside the cell. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Similarities and Differences of Plan and Animal Cells
▪ They both have Golgi Bodies
▪ Golgi Bodies package and distribute proteins that provide structure to the cell
Golgi Bodies
Similarities and Differences of Plan and Animal Cells
Plant Cells Have Cell Walls
• Cell Walls are the outer part of a plant cell that provides structure to the cell
Similarities and Differences of Plan and Animal Cells
Plant Cells Have Chloroplasts
• Chloroplasts capture the light energy from the sun to make food
Similarities and Differences of Plan and Animal Cells
Animal cells have Lysosomes.
• Lysosomes break down substances in the cell.
Cells Store and Use energy
▪ The energy that cells need comes originally from the sun.
▪ Chloroplasts in plant cells trap the sun’s light energy and change it into chemical energy.
▪ The chemical energy is stored in chemical bonds between atoms of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen.▪ Atoms are the basic unit of matter.
Cells Store and Use energy
▪ Chemical bonds hold the atoms of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen together to form molecules. ▪ Molecules are the smallest particle of a substance that has all
the properties of the substance.
▪ Cells can combine these molecules with other atoms to form larger molecules.
Cells Store and Use energy
▪ Both plant and animal cells break down these molecules by breaking the chemical bonds.
▪ Energy is released when these bonds are broken and the cells can either use it or store it.
Cells Store and Use energy
▪ The mitochondria in plant and animal cells use oxygen to release the energy in these chemical bonds.
▪ Cells store energy in ATP molecules. ▪ ATP molecules are high-energy molecules that store energy in
a form the cells can easily use.
▪ When the cells need energy, the ATP is broken down to release energy.
Cells Store and Use Information
▪ Remember: the nucleus in plant and animal cells is the control center of the cell and contain the DNA of the cell.
▪ The DNA has instruction for all the cell’s activities.
▪ One activity is putting together protein molecules.
▪ DNA and RNA molecules work together in the cell to make these proteins.
Cells Store and Use energy
▪ The DNA in the cell’s nucleus determines what type of cell it is.
▪ When a cell divides into two cells, the DNA is copied so that each cell has the same DNA instructions.
Cell Division