SMART METERS
V SAI KRISHNA – 14E95R VASANTHAN – 14E113
P VINITH – 14E123S PADMANATHAN – 14E82
M SIVANESH BABU – 14E103E VENKATESH – 14E116
V BALAJI ARJUN – 14E130
BEFORE GETTING INTO THE TOPIC….
What is the electric grid?
The electric grid is the path over which electricity flows from power generating facilities across high-voltage transmission lines to local communities
The grid interconnects generators, power transmission systems, local distribution utilities and end users of electricity
The system is designed and operated for safe, reliable electric reliability under constantly changing load conditions.
What makes it a smart grid?
Smart grid is an umbrella term for the modernization of electric transmission and distribution.
It is an integration of a more modern electric grid with communications and information systems to better monitor and control the flow and consumption of energy.
Save energy Reduced Cost Increase Reliability
Utility Metering
Utility
Consumer
Electricity Meter
Cannot communicate
to/from consumer
One-way communication
Utility
AMI
RF MESHPLCBPL
MDMS
Utility MDMS WAN LAN MeteringConsumer
GSM
HAN
In home Display
Two-way communication
Smart Meter
LEGACY VS AMI SYSTEM
What are smart meters and its benefits? A “smart” or advanced meter is an electric meter that acts as a gateway
for two-way communications or information exchange between the consumer and the utility
Measure Energy Usage with Greater Detail Provide Consume energy data to utility in Real time via home display
and web based Program. Remote Function Detect Meter Tampering and offer new pricing programs to encourage
peak load reduction. It can be more motivated to take advantage of incentives to reduce
consumption, especially during peak demand periods, and save money.
How are smart meters different than current meters?
From Conventional Meter’s which can provide usage data to the company’s information systems for monthly billing.
Smart meter can provide notification of outages and detect possible theft. The newer, advanced meters are considered “bi-directional” or two-way and can be linked to the utility’s communications network and smart grid, as well as a consumer’s home area network, programmable thermostat, and smart appliances.
Benefits of Smart Meter
Improved power quality More efficient Secure power delivery Enhanced electric reliability Prepayment Options Available Load survey / profiling helping in demand forecasting Over-the-air firmware and configuration upgrade More accurate bills — smart meters mean the end of estimated
bills, and the end of overpaying (or underpaying) for your energy Automatic Meter Reading Through ZIGBEE/HAN/LAN Network. Better oversight and management of your energy use with a real-
time data display in your home
Functions & Types Of Smart Meter
Wireless smart metering modules with greater range. GSM based smart meter modules for industrial metering. Wireless data collection mechanisms
SMART METER SYSTEM BASIC ARCHITECTURE
SMART METER TECHNOLOGIES
Smart Meter Systems are varied in technology and design but operate through a simple overall process.
The Smart Meters collect data locally and transmit via a Local Area Network (LAN) to a data collector.
This transmission can occur as often as 15 minutes or according to the use of the data.
SMART METER TECHNOLOGIES
The collector retrieves the data and may or may not carry out any processing of the data.
Data is transmitted via a Wide Area Network (WAN) to the utility central collection point for processing.
BASIC TYPES OF SMART METER SYSTEMS
There are four basic categories of Smart Meter System technologies as defined by their LAN. They are: Wireless Radio Frequency (RF) Power Line Carrier (PLC) GSM/GPRS based
Wireless smart meter Smart meter modules available from 100 meters to 6 Kms Modules work on 2.4 GHz or Sub-1 GHz solution (865-868 MHz) Mesh connection of smart meters is possible, which enables easy
transmission Built-in remote firmware upgrade(over-the-air upgrade) and remote
diagnostics Single data concentrators can communicate with up to 500 meters Ultra low power consumption modules available at most
economical pricing
Smart Meter Architecture
RADIO FREQUENCY
Smart Meter measurements and other data are transmitted by wireless radio from the meter to a collection point.
The data is then delivered by various methods to the utility data systems for processing at a central location.
MESH TECHNOLOGY
The smart meters talk to each other (hop) to form a LAN cloud to a collector.
The collector transmits the data using various WAN methods to the utility central location.
MESH TECHNOLOGY
ADVANTAGES Mesh RF Technologies’ advantages include: Acceptable latency Large bandwidth
MESH TECHNOLOGY
DISADVANTAGES Terrain and distance challenges for rural areas Proprietary communications Multiple collection points
POINT TO POINT RF TECHNOLOGY
The smart meters talk directly to a collector, usually a tower. The tower collector transmits the data using various methods to the
utility central location for processing.
POINT TO POINT RF TECHNOLOGY
ADVANTAGES Direct communication with each endpoint Large bandwidth Licensed spectrum Can cover longer distances
POINT TO POINT RF TECHNOLOGY
DISADVANTAGES Licensing (not for 900MHz) Terrain may prove challenging in rural areas Proprietary communications used for some technologies Less interface with Distribution automation (DA) devices.
POWER LINE CARRIER - PLC
Smart Meter measurements and other data can be transmitted across the utility power lines from the meter to a collection point
Usually the collection point is the distribution Sub- station feeding the meter
Power line carrier
Metro Fiber RingArchitecture
Internet Data Video
Each site supports multiple customers
POWER LINE CARRIER - PLC
ADVANTAGES The use of existing utility infrastructure of poles & wires Improved cost effectiveness for rural lines More effective in challenging terrain The capability to work over long distances.
POWER LINE CARRIER - PLC
DISADVANTAGES Longer data transmit time (more latency) Less bandwidth Less throughput Limited interface with Distribution Automation (DA) devices higher cost in urban and suburban locations.
GSM / GPRS enabled smart meter modules
GSM based meter data collection modules available for industrial and transformer metering
Integrates with various type of meters using serial port Built-in remote firmware upgrade(over-the-air upgrade) and remote
diagnostics
Ethernet based data concentrators / gateways for meter data collection Can collect data from up to 500 electricity smart meters in a HAN
(network) Can collect data as fast as every 30 minutes Local storage for offline mode in case of loss of connectivity Connects to the web server via GPRS or Ethernet (LAN connection) Built-in remote firmware upgrade(over-the-air upgrade) and remote
diagnostics Maintains diagnostics and connectivity information of the whole
PAN (network) Tamper proof with instant SMS to service engineers Built-in battery to transmit data in case of loss of power
Cloud enabled MDM software
Cloud enabled software provides a scalable, secure and highly reliable software for smart meter data collection and management
Collects data from data concentrator units / gateways and maintains the consumer / meter information
Hosted on the Google cloud (or equivalent) for 99% uptime Continuous availability of latest data at desired polling frequency Can connect to thousands of DCUs for data collection Various alerts as per need over SMS and e-mail 128-bit SSL encryption for data security Analytical capabilities with graphical data visualizations help in decision
making
Repeaters
Used for remote / sparsely populated locations Can be installed on electricity poles / street lights Used to carry data from local networks to far away locations
METER SYSTEM MAINTENANCE
Meter maintenance will become a major issue to the service provider. The meter will be entirely electronic with an additional communication
device on board, which has to be monitored regularly. The engineers must possess a very high knowledge about the data
transmission and faults
METER SYSTEM MAINTENANCE
Some of the utility organizations that will share in the new maintenance model are
Customer Services Field Operations Distribution Information Technology Revenue Protection
ADVANTAGES
Low cost metering services
On-demand and scheduled remote meter reads
Remotely manageable tariff tables and billing cycles
Multi-parameter load profile
ADVANTAGES
Distribution system optimization Outage detection, isolation and restoration verification
Load balancing
Theft detection
ADVANTAGES
Advanced control Remote disconnect and reconnect
Maximum power limiting
Optional direct load control
New energy or value-added service with minimal incremental investment
Smart meters are 24/7 pulsed microwave radiation emitting devices with no way to turn the radiation down or off.
The mesh network will insure there will be no escape from the radiation anywhere. If you opt out but your neighbor does not, you will still be exposed to your neighbors radiation.
This is why we need EVERYONE opting out, or need to make them illegal.
Smart meters have 2, sometimes 3 antennas, depending.
Most have 2 One antenna is for the HAN (home area network), to interface with your smart appliances.
The other antenna is the NAN (neighborhood Area antenna) to interface with your neighbors smart meters.
If there is a 3rd antenna in your smart meter, you are the lucky recipient of the collector meter!!! You will be receiving ALL of the neighborhoods pulses, gathering at your home.
By accessing these signals one can easily hack the data
The “green washing of cancer through pulsed microwave radiation exposure in addition to
more fossil fuel usage”
Robert A Baan PhDThe IARC MonographsIARC, Lyon, FRANCE
“The IARC Working Group classified "Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields" (RF-EMF) as possibly
carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B).The information that formed the main basis for this evaluation was found in epidemiological studies on cell-phone use, where a slightly increased risk for glioma (a malignant form of brain cancer) and acoustic neuroma (a non-cancerous type) was reported among heavy users.There were some indications of increased cancer among radar-maintenance workers (occupational exposure), but no reliable data from studies among, e.g., people living close to base-station antennas, radio/TV towers, etc (environmental exposure).Although the key information came from mobile telephone use, the Working Group considered that the three types of exposure entail basically the same type of radiation, and decided to make an overall evaluation on RF-EMF, covering the whole radiofrequency region of the electromagnetic spectrum.In support of this, information from studies with experimental animals showed that effects on cancer incidence and cancer latency were seen with exposures to different frequencies within the RF region.So the classification 2B, possibly carcinogenic, holds for all types of radiation within the radiofrequency part of
the electromagnetic spectrum, including the radiation emitted by base-station antennas,
radio/TV towers, radar, Wi-Fi, smart meters, etc. “
Letter from WHO lead scientist...
The very clever “SMART METERS” are “green GR$$D”
Smart meters will create more fossil fuel usage in manufacturing and need to be
replaced approx. every 7 years to 10 years. Analog meters LAST for DECADES. No fossil
EXCESS fuel usage AT ALL.
Mini cell towers emitting pulsed microwave radiation that for thousands of feet to connect “smart meters” to
the “smart grid”attached to lamp posts, telephone poles, etc.
Now let’s look at the microwave radiation
from “smart meters”…
THANK YOU !