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CONDUCTORS, SEMI
CONDUCTORS AND INSULATORSElectronics
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FLOW OF ELECTRIC CURRENT
For the electric current to flow from one end to
another there must be some medium for it.
These mediums may be Copper, Steel,Aluminum, Rubber, Wood etc.
These mediums must fall into three categories
i.e. Conductors, Insulators and SemiConductors.
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CONDUCTORS
Any material which allows electric current to
pass through it is called Conductor.
Examples of Conductors are Copper, Steel,
Aluminum or any metal.
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Copper
AluminumSteel
Any Metal
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INSULATORS
Any material which does not allow the current to
flow through it is called an Insulator.
Examples of Insulators are Rubber, Wood,
Plastic, Glass etc.
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Plastic Rubber
WoodGlass
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USES OF INSULATORS
Insulators such as Rubber and Plastic are used
as a coating on the copper wires so they can be
held by hand safely
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SEMI CONDUCTORS
These are also called Resistors.
Semi Conductors or Resistor is a material or a
device that allows some current to pass throughit and resists the other.
These Semi Conductors are devices used in
appliances which convert the electrical energyinto the required useful energy such as light
energy (bulb), sound energy (musical
instruments) etc.7
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BONDINGSCovalent Bond
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BONDING BETWEENATOMS
The atoms tend to achieve nobel gas
configuration i.e. they want to complete their
octet.
For this purpose atoms borrow electrons fromnearby atoms in different ways which are called
bonds.
There are different types of bonds between atoms
like Ionic Bond and Covalent Bonds.
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HOW DOES IT BOND?
For Example Chlorine (Cl2) forms a covalent
bond between itself like this
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Cl Cl
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SEMI CONDUCTORSN-type and P-type Semiconductors
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N-TYPE SEMI CONDUCTORS
In the semiconductors, the atoms are gone
through the process ofdoping i.e. either extra
electron is given to the atom from some source or
some electrons from that atom are shared to
some other source, to increase the conductivity or
resistivity of that semiconductor.
The N-type semiconductors are those which have
electrons are in excess in their atoms.
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P-TYPE SEMI CONDUCTORS
The P-type semiconductors are those which have
electrons are in deficiency i.e. they carry holes at
the deficient electron places in their atoms.
The P-type semiconductors carry a negativecharge (-), while the N-type carry a positive
charge.
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THE DIODEElectronics
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DEFINITION
In electronics, a diode is a two-terminal electronic
component that conducts electric current in only
one direction.
A diode is a specialized electronic component withtwo electrodes called the anode and the cathode.
Most diodes are made with semiconductor
materials such as silicon, germanium.
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