AR
COUNTRYPROFILE ARGENTINA
CONTENTSAR 1AU 9AT 19BE 29BR 39BG 49CA 59CL 69CN 79CO 89HR 99CY 109CZ 119DK 129EE 139FI 149FR 159DE 169GR 179HK 189HU 199IS 209IN 219ID 229IE 239IL 249IT 259JP 269JO 279KZ 289KR 299LV 309LT 319LU 329MY 339MX 349MN 359NL 369NZ 379NO 389PE 399PH 409PL 419PT 429QA 439RO 449RU 459SA 469SG 479SK 489SI 499ZA 509ES 519SE 529CH 539TW 549TH 559TR 569AE 579UA 589GB 599US 609VE 619
IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook, Talent & Digital 2020: summaries
WORLD COMPETITIVENESSRANKING 2020
All data are available from theWorld Competitiveness Online.
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BASIC FACTSCapital
Land area (square km '000) 2,7802019
Exchange Rate (per $) 48.1482019
Population - market size (millions) 44.942019 20
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (US$ billions) 449.72019 26
GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 20,2842019 51
Real GDP growth (%) -2.22019 62
Consumer price inflation (%) 53.552019 62
Unemployment rate (%) 8.902019 54
Labor force (millions) 20.432019 20
Current account balance (% of GDP) -0.772019 41
Direct investment stocks inward ($bn) 72.82018 48
Direct investment flows inward (% of GDP) 1.432019 44
PEER GROUPS RANKINGSTHE AMERICAS (9 countries) POPULATIONS > 20 MILLION (29 countries)
COMPETITIVENESS TRENDS - OVERALL
ARGENTINAOVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Rank
Buenos Aires
CHALLENGES IN 2020Respond adequately to Covid-19 challenge, keeping a balance with
the need to restore economic activity and employment.
Research Program on Economic Development and Institutions,
Faculty of Economic Sciences, Catholic University of Argentina
COMPETITIVENESS LANDSCAPE
5558 56
61 62
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
62
46
56 53 5562
49
63 62
50
60
41
6255
62
5158
5147 46
Dom
estic
Eco
nom
y
Inte
rnat
iona
l Tra
de
Inte
rnat
iona
l Inv
estm
ent
Empl
oym
ent
Pric
es
Publ
ic F
inan
ce
Tax
Polic
y
Inst
itutio
nal F
ram
ewor
k
Busi
ness
Leg
isla
tion
Soci
etal
Fra
mew
ork
Prod
uctiv
ity &
Effi
cien
cy
Labo
r M
arke
t
Fina
nce
Man
agem
ent
Prac
tices
Att
itude
s an
d V
alue
s
Basi
c In
fras
truc
ture
Tech
nolo
gica
l Inf
rast
ruct
ure
Scie
ntifi
c In
fras
truc
ture
Hea
lth a
nd E
nvir
onm
ent
Educ
atio
n
Economic Performance Government Efficiency Business Efficiency Infrastructure
7 7 68 8
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
25 26 2528 28
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
• Respond adequately to Covid-19 challenge, keeping a balance with the need to restore economic activity and employment.
• Assist the most vulnerable groups and sectors to endure the economic downturn.
• Return to credit markets and reopen sources for public funding through a workable debt restructuration negotiation.
• Keep anticyclical expansion of monetary aggregates and fiscal deficit consistent with the containment of inflationary pressures.
• Resist protectionist pressures and implement a sensible competitive agenda.
Provided by:Research Program on Economic Development and Institutions, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Catholic University of Argentina
IMPROVEMENTSWCY 2019
WCY 2020 DECLINES
WCY 2019
1.4.04 Employment - long-term growth -1.04 2.38 1.1.18 Gross fixed capital formation - real growth -5.82
3.2.14 Labor force long-term growth 0.36 1.08 2.3.08 Exchange rate stability 0.939
4.4.23 Environment-related technologies 0.02 0.04 2.3.11 Transparency 4.60
1.2.02 Current account balance -5.40 -0.77 1.5.01 Consumer price inflation 34.28
1.2.13 Exports of commercial services (%) 2.17 3.08 2.4.12 New business density 0.4
1.2.25 Tourism receipts 0.79 1.07 2.4.05 Capital markets 3.73
1.5.04 Office rent 660 456 2.3.12 Bureaucracy 2.40
1.4.08 Long-term unemployment 3.00 2.10 2.4.02 Protectionism 4.47
2.1.02 Government budget surplus/deficit (%) -5.15 -3.96 4.3.18 Number of patents in force 6.8
1.2.09 Exports of goods (%) 11.88 14.48 2.3.13 Bribery and corruption 2.27
4.1.15 Energy infrastructure 3.97 4.78 2.4.03 Public sector contracts 5.43
4.5.06 Pupil-teacher ratio (secondary education) 21.54 17.91 3.5.02 Image abroad or branding 3.00
4.5.10 Student mobility inbound 1.74 2.02 2.4.06 Investment incentives 2.90
4.4.26 Pollution problems 4.93 5.70 4.2.16 High-tech exports (%) 8.95
4.4.12 Energy intensity 111 95 2.4.08 Subsidies 2.30
COMPETITIVENESS EVOLUTION & ATTRACTIVENESS INDICATORS
ARGENTINACOMPETITIVENESS EVOLUTION
-15.77
0.2
1.82
1.22
2.35
3.6
1.22
5.33
The criteria below highlight the 15 biggest Improvements and the 15 biggest Declines in the overall performance of the economy. They are
determined by the largest percentage changes in the value of each criterion from one yearbook to the next.
WCY 2020
1.39
KEY ATTRACTIVENESS INDICATORSFrom a list of 15 indicators, respondents of the Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select 5 that they perceived as the key
attractiveness factors of their economy. The chart shows the percentage of responses per indicator from the highest number of responses
to the lowest.
1.897
1.65
53.55
3.13
1.74
1.70
0.0%0.0%2.2%6.7%6.7%8.9%20.0%20.0%20.0%24.4%35.6%37.8%40.0%80.0%91.1%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Competitive tax regimeAccess to financing
Competency of governmentPolicy stability & predictabilityBusiness-friendly environment
Effective legal environmentQuality of corporate governance
Strong R&D cultureReliable infrastructure
Dynamism of the economyEffective labor relations
Open and positive attitudesCost competitivenessHigh educational level
Skilled workforce
WORLD COMPETITIVENESSDIGITAL RANKING 2020
All data are available from theWorld Competitiveness Online.
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Alpha AlphaLabelBeta BetaLabel Gamma GammaLabel1 2 2 2 2 2 24 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 28.5 4 4 2 211 4 4 2 2
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
55 57 55 59 59
53 56 58 58 50
56 58 54 56 62
46 49 45 56 47
OVERALL
Future readiness
PEER GROUPS RANKINGS
THE AMERICAS (9 countries) POPULATIONS > 20 MILLION (29 countries)
COMPETITIVENESS & DIGITAL RANKINGS
Technology
DIGITAL TRENDS - OVERALL
ARGENTINA
OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries)
OVERALL & FACTORS - 5 years
Knowledge
5557
55
59 59
55
5856
6162
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Digital
Competitiveness
6 6 57 7
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
23 2422
26 26
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
50 56 43 55
62 57 62 5659
47 49 39 52
Knowledge Talent Training & education Scientific concentration
Technology Regulatory framework Capital Technological framework
Future readiness Adaptive attitudes Business agility IT integrationThe direction of the triangle indicates the performance change from the last year: improved or stabledeclined
Overall Factors Sub-Factors
N.B. This graph provides only a comparison of the country’s performance in the two rankings.
u Overall top strengths
w Overall top weaknesses
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 202050 54 47 51 56
57 61 63 62 43
40 42 41 50 55
Talent Rank Rank Rank
Educational assessment PISA - Math 56 53 48 International experience 30 u 15 42 Foreign highly-skilled personnel 60 37 u 2 Management of cities 51 24 23 Digital/Technological skills 49 59 56 Net flow of international students 17 29 w 62 35
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 202046 46 48 49 57
59 59 48 51 62
54 56 53 57 56
Regulatory framework Rank Rank Rank
Starting a business 61 30 60 Enforcing contracts 49 w 62 53u Immigration laws 5 w 62 54 Development & application of tech. 58 w 62 53 Scientific research legislation 56 w 62 55 Intellectual property rights 60 u 12 53
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 202049 49 49 57 49
42 36 37 48 39
51 54 52 52 52
Adaptive attitudes Rank Rank Rank
E-Participation 28 36 29 Internet retailing 44 38 47 Tablet possession 39 46 53 Smartphone possession 44 49 58 Attitudes toward globalization 60 55 u 13
Training & education Scientific concentration
Talent
Robots in Education and R&D
IT integration
Business agility IT integration
Opportunities and threats E-GovernmentWorld robots distribution Public-private partnerships
IT & media stock market capitalization Communications technology
Scientific concentration
Capital Technological framework
Regulatory framework
Capital
TECHNOLOGY
Technological framework
KNOWLEDGE
FACTORS BREAKDOWN - STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES
ARGENTINA
FUTURE READINESS
Entrepreneurial fear of failure
Agility of companies Cyber securityUse of big data and analytics Software piracyKnowledge transfer
Adaptive attitudes
Business agility
Venture capital Internet bandwidth speedInvestment in Telecommunications High-tech exports (%)
Funding for technological development Mobile Broadband subscribersBanking and financial services Wireless broadbandCountry credit rating Internet users
Training & education
Employee training Total expenditure on R&D (%)Total public expenditure on education Total R&D personnel per capitaHigher education achievement Female researchersPupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) R&D productivity by publicationGraduates in Sciences Scientific and technical employmentWomen with degrees High-tech patent grants
WORLD TALENTRANKING 2020
All data are available from theWorld Competitiveness Online.
Visit our eShop
Alpha AlphaLabel Beta BetaLabel Gamma GammaLabel1 2 2 2 2 2 24 4 4 2 2
Value
u 5.5 % 16 2,472 US$ 44u 13.25 ratio 22 17.91 ratio 53 4.49 Survey [0..10] 49 5.07 Survey [0..10] 53 42.00 % 51 4.58 Survey [0..10] 47
Value
78.80 index 30 6.31 Survey [0..10] 44w 4.76 Survey [0..10] 56 4.04 Survey [0..10] 47 4.91 Survey [0..10] 49w 2.74 Survey [0..10] 60 12,539 US$ 45w 63,282 US$ 56u 12.45 % 19w 2.26 Survey [0..10] 60u 14.23 micrograms 27
Value
0.90 % 30 5.70 Survey [0..10] 37u 6.98 Survey [0..10] 20 5.82 Survey [0..10] 30 5.55 Survey [0..10] 40 4.17 Survey [0..10] 53w 16.14 % 59 5.96 Survey [0..10] 39 6.30 Survey [0..10] 40 5.87 Survey [0..10] 41 2.02 number 37 395 Average 55
Skilled labor is readily available
Female labor force Percentage of total labor force
Cost-of-living index Index of a basket of goods & services in the main city, including housing (New York City = 100)
Labor force growth Percentage change
Pupil-teacher ratio (secondary education) Ratio of students to teaching staff
Apprenticeships are sufficiently implemented
Employee training is a high priority in companies
Investment & Development 2020 Rank
Health infrastructure meets the needs of society
Appeal 2020 Rank
Exposure to particle pollution
Total public expenditure on education Percentage of GDP
Total public exp. on education per student Spending per enrolled pupil/student, all levels
Pupil-teacher ratio (primary education) Ratio of students to teaching staff
Management education meets the needs of the business community
Language skills are meeting the needs of enterprises
Student mobility inbound Foreign tertiary-level students per 1000 inhabitants
Primary and secondary education meets the needs of a competitive economy
Graduates in Sciences % of graduates in ICT, Engineering, Math & Natural Sciences
University education meets the needs of a competitive economy
Finance skills are readily available
International experience of senior managers is generally significant
Competent senior managers are readily available
Justice is fairly administered
Gross annual income including supplements such as bonuses, US$
Remuneration of management Total base salary plus bonuses and long-term incentives, US$
Effective personal income tax rate Percentage of an income equal to GDP per capita
Mean population exposure to PM2.5, Micrograms per cubic metre
Attracting and retaining talents is a priority in companies
Worker motivation in companies is high
Brain drain (well-educated and skilled people) does not hinder competitiveness in your economy
Quality of life is high
Foreign highly-skilled personnel are attracted to your country's business environment
Remuneration in services professions
Readiness 2020 Rank
Educational assessment - PISA PISA survey of 15-year olds
OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries)
IMD World Talent Ranking 2020
ARGENTINA
52
50
47
48
47
51
55
53
43 43
52
53
48
50
52
43
46
44
52
51
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Overall
Investment &Development
Appeal
Readiness
43
5247
51
Investment & Development
Appeal
Readiness
The direction of the triangle indicates the performance change from the last year: improved or stabledeclined
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IMD WORLDTALENTRANKING 2020
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ANK
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