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All slides 2013-2014 Roger. W. Brown
Certified ScrumMaster Course
Instructor – Roger Brown CST, CSC
2
Course Objectives
You will learn about
The Scrum framework
Common Scrum practices
ScrumMaster responsibilities and skills
And you will be eligible for ScrumMaster Certification
3
CSM Class Backlog
Welcome
Agile Principles
Scrum Execution
Flow and Focus
Scrum Planning
User Stories
Prioritization
Estimation Long Term Planning
Class Project
ScrumMaster Duties
Team Dynamics
Scaling Scrum Up and Out
Certification
Technical Practices
Scrum Enhancers
Scrum Framework
ScrumMaster Skills
Empirical Process
Becoming Agile
4
Empirical Process
• Agile success relies on “Empirical
Process”
• Improvement comes from a continuous
learning cycle we call “Inspect and
Adapt”.
5
Continuous Improvement
Plan
Do Check
Act
Deming Cycle
Empirical Process Transparency,
Inspect and
Adapt
6
notes
6
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Scrum Framework
• Scrum has 4 meetings and 3 artifacts
• Scrum has 3 roles that share the
responsibility of creating value in small
increments
• The roles complement each other to
create a balanced team
8
Scrum Framework
Potentially Shippable Product
Increment
Sprint Backlog
Product Backlog
Release
Planning
Sprint
Planning
Sprint
Review Sprint
Retrospective
Daily
Scrum
1-4
weeks
Story Time
9
The Scrum Team
Desired Features
Product Owner
Delivery Team
Product
ScrumMaster
10
Product Owner
Maximizes the value of the work done
o Sets Vision o Manages Product Backlog o Elaborates Features o Reviews Work o Reports Release Progress
11
o 7 ± 2 o Cross functional o Full-time o Self-organizing o Empowered
Delivery Team Member
Develops the product with high quality
12
ScrumMaster
o Change Agent o Facilitator o Protector o Coach o Mentor o Gopher
Helps the team improve flow
and throughput
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13
notes
13 14
Agile Principles
• Agile implements Lean principles and
dynamics.
• Scrum is one form of Agile, designed
initially for software development but
applicable to other kinds of work.
15
Manifesto for Agile Software Development 2001
We are uncovering better ways of developing
software by doing it and helping others do it.
Through this work we have come to value:
Individuals and interactions over processes and tools
Working software over comprehensive documentation
Customer collaboration over contract negotiation
Responding to change over following a plan
That is, while there is value in the items on
the right, we value the items on the left more.
www.agilemanifesto.org
Agile Manifesto
16
Agile Software Development
Team Based Incremental Iterative Frequent Delivery Fully Visible Production Quality Value Driven
17
Agile “Brands”
XP development
practices
Kanban workflow management
Scrum collaboration
framework
Agile
Lean
18
notes
18
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Scrum Execution
• Scrum organizes work into 1-4 week time
boxes called Sprints
• Each Sprint has 4 primary meetings
• The bulk of the time is spent creating
value in the form of a product
20
Sprint Time Box
S1
1-4 weeks
Steady cadence, fixed length Abnormal Termination If the Sprint Goal cannot or should not be reached for
unexpected reasons, stop and plan a new Sprint
Focus No one can change the Sprint plan except the Scrum Team to add or
remove a PBI
S2 S3 S4
21
Sprint Planning Meeting
Product Backlog
Sprint Backlog
Pri
ori
ty
Goal 1: What?
• Which PBIs can we commit to? • What is our Sprint Goal? Ex. Build the shopping cart
Goal 2: How?
• Design implementation • What tasks can we identify for each story? • How long do we think each will take?
Attended by • Product Owner, Delivery Team, ScrumMaster • Other interested stakeholders
Time-box is 4 hours for a 2
week Sprint
22
Daily Scrum
15 Min
The Three Questions What did you do yesterday? What do you plan to do today? Is anything blocking you?
23
Sample Sprint Backlog
User Story Task Work Remaining (hours)
Story Task T F M T W T F M T W T
Create Account Create home page with “create
account” link 8 8 4 2 0
Create Account Set up integration server 6 4 0
Create Account Create sign-up form 3 1 0
Create Account Create user table 2 2 0
Create Account Create user class with “create”
method to populate user table 4 4 6 1 0
Create Account Test user flow 1 1 1 1 1 0
Create Account Test failure cases 6 6 6 6 6 3 0
Login Add login form to home page 2 0
Login Create user class factory 2 2 0
Login Create error logic for bad login 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0
Login Test Error Cases 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0
Admin Add link to admin page 1 1 1 1 1 0
Admin Add user list report to admin page 4 4 4 6 6 6 4 2 0
Admin Add paging to user list 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0
Admin Test paging edge cases 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0
Work Remaining > 41 43 34 25 22 17 12 10 7 2 0
Sprint Burndown Chart
is sum of estimated work remaining
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
T F M T W T F M T W T
Wo
rk R
em
ain
ing
Initial Sprint Plan Daily Updates
24
Sprint Review
• Purpose • Demonstrate the completed stories
• Get feedback from the Stakeholders
• Review progress and adjust future
• Identify new/changed features
• Attendees • Product Owner, Delivery Team, ScrumMaster
• Any other stakeholders
Preparation • Who will show what? • Deploy to a preview server • Any documentation needed? • Update and show release burnup chart
2 Hours
Show actual running
code!
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Sprint Retrospective
• Team meets privately
• Goal is process improvement
• Format
• Gather Data
Reflect on what worked well, what didn’t
• Generate Insights
Discuss results and new ideas
• Decide Action Items
Consider adopting new practices
Stop doing things that are not working
1.5 Hours
Start Stop Continue
Keep it interesting • Appreciations • Food • Variety
26
notes
26
27
Scrum Planning
• Scrum planning is continuous
• Scrum planning happens at 5 levels, each
with a different time horizon
• The Product Backlog is the primary
source of work to be completed and
value to be delivered
28
Value Driven
Estimates
Features
Schedule Cost
Plan
Driven
The Plan creates
cost/schedule estimates
Waterfall
The Vision creates
feature estimates
Schedule Cost
Features
Value / Vision
Driven
Agile
Source: Sliger and Broderick “The Software Manager’s Bridge to Agility”
Constraints
29
5 Levels of Planning
Strategy
Portfolio
Vision
Roadmap
Release
Sprint
Day
P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
Product Backlog
Release 1 Release 2 Release 3
s1 s2 s3 s4 … sN
Scru
m P
lan
nin
g
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• The Big Picture of how the product creates value
• Aligns team and business to the same goal
Product Vision
What is the name? Who is the target customer? What are the key benefits? What are the differentiating features?
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Product Backlog
• Dynamic set of items to be done
• Prioritized
• Constantly in flux as the situation changes
Story
Story
Story
Spike
Story
Refactor
Story
Defect
Process Change
items are removed
priorities change
items are added
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Elevator Statement Vision
For (target customer)
Who (statement of the need or opportunity)
The (product or project name) is a (category)
That (statement of key benefit – that is, compelling
reason to proceed)
Unlike (primary competitive alternative)
Our Product (statement of primary differentiation)
Example
The: iPod
Is a: portable digital music player
That: provides intuitive, easy to use controls.
Unlike: other MP3 players
Our: product provides seamless integration with a
world class music store (iTunes)
33
notes
33 34
User Stories
• User Stories are simple descriptions of
desired functionality
• User Stories have two attributes that are
helpful for planning: size and priority
• Stories are elaborated just-in-time for
implementation
35
User Story Template
As a <user role>, I can <do something> so that <I get some value>.
Card – Conversation - Confirmation
36
Sample User Stories
As a student, I can get a degree on-line so that I do not have to move near a college campus
As an online student, I can print a copy of my last report card in case an employer asks for it
As a degree candidate, I can see which courses I still need to satisfy my major so I can plan my next term
As a professor, I can get student test summary reports so that I can assess my teaching effectiveness
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Backlog Hierarchy
Epic User Story Task Task Task Task
User Story Task Task Task Task
User Story Task Task Task Task
Product Backlog
Sprint Backlog
Business Goal
Planning Implementation
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Where are the details?
(front)
Story 6: Course Catalog Demo As a prospective student, I can browse the course catalog to see if the classes I am interested in are available.
(back)
Story 1 Acceptance Criteria [ ] Has full catalog browse and search controls [ ] Show available dates in summary list [ ] Item click leads to class detail page [ ] Show class star ratings only, no comments [ ] Replace “Register for Course” button with “Join Now!” that links to sign-up page
Automated Tests
Speclet • formula • UI design • algorithm • business rules
39
notes
39 40
Prioritization
• Priorities help the Scrum Team decide
what to do next
• Priorities help with long term planning
• Prioritization can be done in many ways,
based on many criteria
41
Prioritization - MoSCoW
o Business value
o New knowledge
o Risk/Complexity
o Desirability
42
Story Map
Epic
I can browse by
department
I can search by subject
I can register
I can read content
I can browse by
title
I can unregister
I can browse by professor
I can join a waitlist
I can take tests
I can search by date offered
I can search by major
I can take classes on-line
Browse Search Register Attend Reports
I can do homework
I can print my
transcript
I can see my grade for a class
I can browse by popularity
Theme
Must
Should
Could
Pri
ori
ty
Smaller stories give more options for prioritizing for max value
I can print my
schedule
I can print my report
card
I can chat with
classmates
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43
notes
43 44
Estimation
• Agile estimation is done at both the high
level and the low level
• Estimates are used for planning and for
tracking progress
• Estimates are done quickly, by the
Delivery Team
• Estimates are not commitments
45
Why Estimate?
Story Points • High Level
• Compare one story to another
• Forecast Releases and Sprints
Task Hours • Low Level
• 1-8 hours for a Story element
• Refine Sprint plan
• Track Sprint progress
46
Estimation Basics
Quick
Story 1: Home Page As a prospective student, I can view the college services so that I can decide if I want to apply.
2 Story 17: Major Progress
As a degree candidate, I can see which courses I still need to satisfy my major so I can plan my next term
5
Quick
Relative
Guess
Done by Team
More than 2x effort required
47
Affinity Estimating
Groups of 2-3 people choose some stories
Put in column with similar sized stories
Team members
can move stories
Visual grouping for quick comparisons
1 2 3 5 8 13 20
Start with numbers
or arrange by size
first
48
Velocity
5
12
27
32
36 38
40 37 38
40
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Sto
ry P
oin
ts C
om
ple
ted
Sprint
Team Velocity
How many story points can the Team complete in a Sprint?
Varies by circumstance, increases with
experience
Aggregates Team dynamics and organizational
factors
Is measured, not “managed”
Velocity is sum of estimates of
stories completed
Measurement is more reliable
than estimation
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49
notes
49 50
ScrumMaster Duties
• The ScrumMaster is responsible for the
health and growth of the Scrum Team
• The ScrumMaster is a productivity
multiplier for the team and has
responsibilities across multiple
dimensions
51
Scrum Mentor
• Mentor your Team and Product Owner
• Scrum glossary http://www.innolution.com/resources/glossary
• Teach others in Scrum
• Forums • http://groups.google.com/group/scrumalliance
• http://groups.yahoo.com/group/scrumdevelopment/
• Certified ScrumMasters group on LinkedIn
• Self-study
• Local Scrum Groups
• Scrum Gatherings
52
Facilitator
• Keep meetings productive and short
• Mediator/Negotiator
• Gopher
• Proactive management of impediments
53
Coach
• Lead people to their own solutions
• Aware of the bigger picture
• Able to mentor individuals
• Knows when • to be prescriptive • to nudge • to keep distance
It’s better to be paying attention than to have all
the answers - Ward Cunningham
54
Servant Leader
• Lead vs. Manage
• Lead to make others better
• Increase teamwork and personal involvement
• Lead by example
See Robert K. Greenleaf
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notes
55 56
Becoming Agile
• Scrum is simple but not easy
• Organizations are resistant to change
• Choosing the easy parts may fail to give
the desired results
57
Change Dynamics
Patience is advised. “A dead ScrumMaster is no help to anyone.”
- Ken Schwaber
Satir Change Model 58
Scrum Values [Schwaber 2002]
• Commitment
• Focus
• Openness
• Respect
• Courage
The Scrum Team commits to doing their best
to achieve Sprint and Release goals. In turn,
they have the authority to make the decisions
necessary for success. The organization
allows the Team to focus on just the work they
have committed to. Openness provides the
visibility we need for maximum information on
status, progress and feedback when making
decisions. People are more productive in an
environment of mutual respect and trust. It
takes courage to make the change from
individual effort to Team contribution and to be
willing to say “no” when necessary.
59
Managing Impediments
• Technical
• Process
• Interpersonal
• Structural
• Cultural
ha
rde
r
Categories
Approaches
60
Day in the Life of a ScrumMaster
Manage impediments Facilitate meetings Mediate and negotiate Teach Scrum Manage the process Assist the Product Owner
Observe and coach Team Encourage excellence Protect Team from distractions Build relationships Promote Organizational Agility Administer
ScrumMaster 7 Team Members Productivity
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61
notes
61 62
Class Project
63
notes
63 64
Team Dynamics
• Teams go through stages
• Teams are self-organizing
• Scrum uses motivators that are more
effective than traditional financial
motivators
65
Tuckman's Team Development Model
Storming Leader mediates
and focuses
Forming Team is dependent
on the leader
Norming
Leader facilitates
Performing Leader delegates
and oversees
• Teams go through four stages
• Teams can regress when
membership changes
• A mature team may need no
leadership
Time
Effe
ctiv
en
ess
The leader’s goal is to make the team
self-reliant and then move on
66
Motivation
• Financial rewards often give poor results • Intrinsic vs. extrinsic motivation • People are motivated by
• autonomy • mastery • purpose
See Dan Pink, TED.com and Drive
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Team Charter
Help your Team get started
Team Name Skills Agreements Values Development Practices Definition of Done
68
notes
68
69
Long Term Planning
• Scrum-built products may have
Roadmaps and Release Plans
• Team velocity is a measure used in long
term planning
70
Product Roadmap
First sub-setting of Product Backlog for a long product development time frame
• How many releases?
• When?
• What is included in each?
Tim
e
Continuing Education for Professionals
Undergraduate Degrees
Graduate Degrees
The roadmap will be reviewed and updated as things
change
Product Backlog
Releases
71
The Elements of Agile Planning
Product Backlog What capabilities are needed for financial success?
Priorities Which items are most valuable?
s1 s2 s3 s4 … sN
Velocity How much can the team complete in a Sprint?
Estimates How much effort is required for each item?
Release Plan How long will it take or how many can we do by a given date?
72
Release Planning Meeting
Align Vision
Identify User Roles
Identify features/Epics
Brainstorm User Stories
List Priority Criteria
Prioritize Stories
Estimate Stories
Check Priorities
Forecast Team Velocity
Forecast Release 1-2 days
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Release Plan
s1
s2
s3
…
sN
Product Backlog
Interim Deployment
Release Event
Tim
e
Release Backlog
Must
Should
Could
Won’t
Sprints
74
Information Radiators
The more we know, the better we can
adapt And the better we can manage risk
Report what we know, not what we hope
75
notes
75 76
Flow and Focus
• Scrum works best when the Team
achieves a smooth flow of work
• Scrum dynamics are based on the
mathematics of queuing theory that we
use to manage the Internet
77
Pull Systems
Push systems overwhelm capacity, creating turbulence, rework, waste and delay
Pull systems have a steady flow that provides predictability
Push
♫
78
Small Batches
Small batches move through
a system quicker
Single-piece-flow reduces the wait time
and moves risk to the
margin
Minimize work in progress
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79
notes
79 80
Scrum Enhancers
• A well-managed Product Backlog keeps
the Delivery Team running smoothly
• A 1-sprint look-ahead on stories will help
the flow
• Defining Ready and Done will
dramatically reduce time waste
81
Backlog Grooming
Product Owner spends 30% of their time working on the Product Backlog
• Identify new stories
• Splitting epics and stories
• Updating Release Plan with current velocity data
• Adjusting priorities
• Preparing next stories
• Designing user experience
82
Story Time
Delivery Team spends 5-10% of Sprint with the Product Owner preparing for the next Sprint
• Reviewing candidate stories
• Getting details and acceptance criteria
• Some technical design
• Estimate new stories
• Considering new ideas
Often a regular meeting 1 hour/week
or 2-3 hours mid-sprint
83
Definition of Ready
PO negotiate with the Delivery Team - What they need for each story - When they need it
Sample Right size Screen sketches Acceptance criteria Dependent stories? Speclets
84
Definition of Done
• When estimating size, consider all the work needed to complete the story
• The Definition of Done may evolve over time
Unit tested to 90% coverage Code reviewed Acceptance tests pass UI Tested User Help updated Deployment scripts updated
Sample
May also have one
for sprints and
releases
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Sprint Flow
Sprint N Sprint N+1
Candidate Stories for N+1 (1.5 x velocity)
Definition of Ready
Screen Designs for N+1 (LoFi)
Continuous Product Backlog Grooming
Story Time Sprint Planning
Definition of Done
86
notes
86
87
ScrumMaster Skills
• Listening skills are key to success
• Knowing how to ask powerful questions
will help you coach the Team
• There are a number of useful tools for
ScrumMasters
• Modeling desired behavior and use of
language can have a strong influence on
your Team
88
Listening
Level I – Internal Listening
How can I make this about me?
Level II – Focused Listening
Connected to what they are saying
Level III – Global Listening Also hearing tone, posture,
surrounding environment
Source: Co-Active Coaching, Whitworth, et al.
89
Powerful Questions
• Open-ended
• Value neutral
• Lead to discovery
• Reveal underlying assumptions
When in doubt, Ask the Team!
90
“Art of the Possible”
The Power of Positive Language
Yes, and …
creativeemergence.typepad.com
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91
More ScrumMaster Tools
Facilitation • Fist of Five • Roman Voting • Dot Voting • Brainstorming • Five Why’s • Games: www.tastycupcakes.org
Coaching • Appreciative Inquiry • Learning Organization • Systems Thinking • International Coaching
Federation Programs • www.agilecoachpath.org • www.icagile.com
Models • Personality Models
• Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
• DISC • Kolbe • Herrmann Brain
Dominance Instrument • Engagement Models
• X-Model of Employee Engagement
• Complexity • Influence Diagrams • Cynefin • Spiral Dynamics
92
notes
92
93
Scaling Scrum Up and Out
• Scrum can scale to many Teams
• Distributed Scrum is constrained by the
laws of physics but there are patterns
that can help
94
Scaling Scrum Up
Multi-Team Product • Team is the scaling unit
• Divide work across multiple small teams
• by feature
• by component
• Organize with Chief Product Owner Team and Scrum of Scrums
SoS
tactical
Team 1 Team 2 Team 3 Team 4
CPO strategic
95
Distributing Scrum Out
• How well does it work? Scrum is the best way to manage distributed Teams. Distributed Teams are not the best way to do Scrum.
• But distributed teams are a common reality so
• Prefer whole teams at each location
• Start project co-located
• Have ambassadors who travel
• Have buddies across locations
• Expect more documentation
• Don’t let anyone go dark
• Use video, IM, artifact sharing tools
96
notes
96
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97
Technical Practices
• Agile technical practices enhance Team
success
• Agile Testing Basics
98
Agile Development Practices
• Co-location
• Pair Programming
• Refactoring
• Automated Acceptance
Testing
• Test-Driven Development
• Continuous Integration
• Exploratory Spikes
• Legacy System
Strategies
• Evolutionary Design
• Agile Architecture
99
The Testing Pyramid
Manual Tests through UI
Automation Suites
Unit Tests
Automated UI Tests
Automated Acceptance
Tests
Unit Tests
Exploratory
testing
Traditional (find defects)
Agile (prevent defects)
100
Single Piece Flow
Do This
Don’t Do This
101
notes
101 102
Certification
• You are almost there!
• What are the other certifications?
• What do I do next?
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103
Q & A/Parking Lot
104
Certified Scrum
Professional
Scrum Certification Options
Theory Practice Guide
Certified ScrumMaster
Certified Scrum
Product Owner
Certified Scrum
Developer
Certified Scrum Trainer
Certified Scrum Coach
The Scrum Alliance is a nonprofit organization committed to delivering articles, resources, courses, and events that will help Scrum users be successful.
www.ScrumAlliance.org
105
Closing
o Action Items
o Class Evaluation
o Class Picture
o Graduation Ceremony
106
Instructor
Roger Brown
• Agile Coach
• Scrum Alliance
• Contact Email: [email protected]
Twitter: rwbrown
Blog: www.agileCoachJournal.com
LinkedIn: http://www.linkedin.com/in/rogerwbrown
V 5.1
All slides 2013-2014 Roger. W. Brown
Certified ScrumMaster Course
Instructor – Roger Brown CST, CSC
All rights reserved. No copying without express written permission.