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PunjabMap of India
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PunjabThe Land of the
Sikhs
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Demographics of Punjab
Area: 50,362 sq Km
Capital: Chandigarh
Language: Punjabi
Districts: 17
Population : 20,281,969
Males : 10,695,136
Females : 9,495,659
Literacy : 57.14%
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Places of Interest in Punjab
Amritsar-Sacred city of the Sikhs, The GoldenTemple, Gardens, Fort, Museums.
TaranTaran-Sikh Shrine.
Dera BabaNanak/Govindwal/Kiratpur-Sikh pilgrim center.
Pathankot-Gateway to Jammu and Kashmirand the Valleys of Himachal.
Patiala- Palace and Museum, National
Institute of Sports. Major Towns-Chandigarh, Amritsar, Patiala,
Ludhiana, Jalandhar.
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Location
Punjab is in Northern India and east side ofPakistan. It has a long history and rich culturalheritage.
Punjab is said to have derived its name from thefive rivers that flow through it. The Indus, Ravi,Beas, Sutlej and Ghaggar rivers. Pung meansfive and aab means water so Punjab means fivewaters.
The people of Punjab are called Punjabis andspeak the language called Punjabi.
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The people of this state are very hospitable,enterprising and industrious. Today, this is oneof the most developed states in India. Thecontribution of Punjab in the field of "greenrevolution", industrial development, sports and
armed forces has been unique and unparalleled.Punjab is dotted with places of historical andcultural interest.
This land is inhabited by the brave people who
fought battles with invaders for centuries, andis very aptly called "Sher-e-Punjab" or the landof lions.
People
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The Sikh Religion
A progressive religion well ahead of its timewhen it was founded over 500 years ago, TheSikh religion today has a following of over 20million people worldwide and is ranked as
the worlds 5th largest religion. Sikhismpreaches a message of devotion andremembrance of God at all times, truthfulliving, equality of mankind and denouncessuperstitions and blind rituals. Sikhism is
open to all through the teachings of its 10Gurus enshrined in the Sikh Holy Book, SriGuru Granth Sahib.
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Place of worship
The Sikh place of worship iscalled a gurdwara, whichmeans house of God.
Wherever Sikhs go, theybuild a gurdwara as a place toworship and meet each other.
Sri Harimandir Sahib,commonly referred to as the"Golden Temple," is theworld's most famousgurdwara.
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Sikhs Articles of FaithSikhs have a way to show their commitment to their religion:they wear five articles of faith, called kakkars or "5 K's." Many
Sikhs who have not taken amrit (similar to baptism) do notkeep all five. Almost all Sikhs wear the kara, or silver bangle.These are the 5 K's:Kachhera:The kachhera, a cotton undergarment, remindsSikhs of their modesty.
Kanga:The kanga, a small wooden comb, representscleanliness and taking care of yourself.Kara:The kara, a steel bangle, is worn on the wrist. Since weuse our hands for almost everything we do, the bracelet is aconstant reminder of good deeds.
Kes:The kes, long uncut hair, has become the most visibleway to identify Sikhs. Sikhs do not cut their hair in order tomaintain the way their bodies were given to them. Most menand some women wrap their long hair in a turban. Almost allpeople you see wearing turbans in the United States are Sikhs.Kirpan:The kirpan, a small religious sword, represents acommitment to justice.
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Names
Middle NameOne of the Sikh gurus, Guru Gobind Singh,wanted to promote equality and unity between allSikhs. So he gave all Sikh women the name "Kaur,"
meaning daughter of kings and all Sikh men thename, "Singh," meaning lion.Last NameThe last name usually signifies a family tradition.
Many Sikhs, especially in the U.S., choose not touse their family names and instead use "Singh" or"Kaur" as their last name.
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Food
Imagine a table of steel plates and saucers full of richspicy dishes vegetables and meats and yogurts andbreads. Punjabi main dishes use rich masalas, or spices,cooked with ghee, or butter. Punjabis cook vegetables,
meat and lentils in the spices and serve them with rice ora flatbread called roti, similar to tortillas. To help easethe spices, they serve a side dish of yogurt or a glass ofbuttermilk. Punjabis usually drink hot milky chai, or tea,
with every meal.
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Clothing
Punjabi Girls.Punjabi girls traditionally wearsalwar kameezwith bright colored chunnis. Thesalwar kameez has two pieces: the kameez, or longshirt, and salwar, or pants. A chunni is a long
colorful cloth that women wear around their necks.Some clothes are simple and made out of cotton, andsome are elaborate made out of silk. Though somewomen wear turbans, most use a long thin scarf tocover their heads.
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Clothing
Punjabi Boys.Punjabi men and boys wear loosepants or slacks with a collared shirt or t-shirt.Some also wear a kurta pajama, a shirt and pantoutfit which is very popular amongst Punjabi
farmers. On their heads, many Sikh men wearturbans, called pagris. Sikh boys wear apatka,or a small cloth that wraps around their head,and then choose to wear the turban when theyget older.
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Examples of Clothing
Salwar KameezKurta Pajama
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Music and Dance Bhangra is a lively form of music and dance that
originated in Punjab. As many Bhangra lyrics reflectthe long and often tumultuous history of Punjab,
knowledge of Punjabi history offers important
insights into the meaning of the music. While
Bhangra began as a part of harvest festivalcelebrations, it eventually became a part of such
diverse occasions as weddings and New Year
celebrations. Moreover, during the last thirty years,
Bhangra has enjoyed a surge in popularity
worldwide, both in traditional form and as a fusion
with genres such as hip-hop and reggae.
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Bhangra
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Fairs and Festivals
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Baisakhi is celebrated on the 13th of April every year, marking the
new year of Punjab. In Punjab, a primarily agricultural area, this
day is especially important as it commemorates the first day of
harvest. The fields are full and beautiful with nature's bounty, all
ready to be cut and collected on this day. Traditionally, the men
and women perform Bhangra and Giddha to the pounding rhythmof the dhol (drum).
Baisakhi
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Lohri marks the end of winter, celebrated on the 13th ofJanuary. This festival is celebrated as a harvest fair, marked with
gaiety and feasting. This festival commemorates more than the
harvest, though; it honors the spirit of Punjab. The day that follows
Lohri is an auspicious one for the Sikh community. It is the first
day of the Punjabi month called 'mangh' or 'manghi'. This is a
holy month, and it is honored with 'daan-punya' (acts of physical
and material charity). In the Sikh community, clothes worn the
night before, are given away and all the young girls receive
'punya' in the form of money.
Lohri
G b
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Anniversaries associated with the lives of Sikh Gurus are
referred to as Gurpurabs
Gurpurab literally means 'festival of the guru'. The Sikhs celebrate10 Gurpurabs in a year.All Gurpurabs are considered auspicious
and important but special significance is accorded to the birth
anniversary of Guru Nanak, the founder of the Sikh religion. This
falls in the month of Kartik (October / November).
Gurpurabs
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Education in Punjab
A uniform structure of school education
the 10+2 system has been adopted.
Minimum age for admission to class 1 in
primary school is generally 5+ years.
The medium of instruction is Hindi, Punjabi
and English.
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School Structures
In India there are three different types of
schools. They are all boys, all girls, or co-
ed schools.
Depending on the families, boys and girls
may sometimes work together on projects.
Boarding schools are also common
throughout India.
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Teachers
Teachers are respected a great deal inIndia.
They are respected in the same way
Gurus are. Teachers praise the kids in the same ways
as here.
Barriya means good Shabaash means very good.
Bahut Acchha means very nice.
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Example of grading scale in India
O- : 90% and above
A+ : 80% to 89%
A : 70% to 79%
B+ : 60% to 69%
B : 50% to 59%
C+ : 45% to 49%
C : 40% to 44%
D : Below 40%
Mota Singh Senior Elementary School
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Punjabi language
Punjabi is a language (what we speak).
Gurmukhi is a script (how we write
Punjabi)
In the Punjabi language, the total number
of alphabets are 40, vowels are
10,consonants are 5 and dependent
vowels (Matraas) are 10.
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Punjabi Language
Gurmukhi script is written from left to write, andread from left to right.
Paragraphs have indentions.
Various letters/sounds in the Punjabi alphabethave no English equivalents.
Sentences are written with the subject first,sentence parts in the middle, and the verb last.
Helping verbs such as to be are not usuallyused in Punjabi.
There is no capitalization of words.
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Some differences between English and Punjabi language
In Punjabi: 1. We use one word for 'is' and 'are'.
2. One word for 'was' and 'were'.
3. One word for 'between,'among' and 'into'.
4. One word for 'it' and 'this'.
5. One word for 'down,'below' and 'under'. 6. One word for 'he' and 'she,or 'his' and 'her'. Gender is
identified by the verb.
7. One word for 'has' and 'have'. Singular or Plural are identifiedby verb.
8. One word for 'at', 'on, 'above', 'up' and 'over'.
9. One word for 'do' and 'does'.
10. One word for 'will' and 'shall'.
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Punjabi/Hindi words used in English
Many Punjabi/Hindi words are used in Englishtoday.
Some words were borrowed because theysounded different and trendy likepundit, guru,and dharma.
The Punjabi word khand,meaning sugar lump,is a likely origin for the word candy.
Currently the Oxford English Dictionary lists over700 words of Indian origin.
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Structure/Vocabulary
Structure - Grammar of Punjabi is similar to
Hindi and Urdu with some relatively minor
differences.
Vocabulary - Like Hindi and Urdu, Punjabi has asubstantial number of loan words from Arabic
and Persian.
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Genders Punjabi Language has 2 genders - masculine
and feminine. The masculine and feminine
genders are not only decided by the sex (as for
humans or animals) but also by the size and
usage. Larger inanimate objects are denoted bythe masculine form, smaller by the feminine.
Genders of inanimate objects are denoted by
the word ending, i.e. an object ending in a is
masculine, e.g. kamra (room), while an objectending in i is feminine, e.g. kursi (chair).
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Difficult Sounds
The following may be difficult for Punjabi speakers:
Frank fixes fine furniture.
Bring the ping pong ball.
Set those three thick tree trunks on the trunk.
Chelsea shouldnt choose chocolate cakes. Which show will we watch?
Put the pot of peppers on the back porch.
Martha thoroughly thought these things through.
I wouldnt want to wear wool in warm weather.
Does he pet the cat on the head or on the back?
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Difficult Sounds
Ch (chin) w (water) F (foot) x (extra)
Ng (ring) a (man)
P (pot) e (egg)
Q (queen) I (sit)
Th (thin) o (hot)
Th (then) u ( up)
V (vote)
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The culture of Punjab is unique. Punjabis show a
zest for life. They are known for their hard work andbravery. They do well in all types of work, from
farming to information technology.
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