Welcome to the Presentation on How To Use DATALOGGER DATALOGGER
Station Assets
Reports
Simulation
NMDL
Control Charting
Yard Diagram of a Two Road Station
Assets
1.Tracks
2.Signals
3.Points
4.Buttons
5.Axle Counters
6.Crank Handles etc
TrackTracks may Fail or Bob due to 1. Conductors lying across2. Improper Ballast3. Heavy Rain4. Mischief5. Relay Problem
SignalProblems related to Signals
1. Fusing Of signal Lamp
2. Blanking of Signal
3. Signal Raised Up
4. Signal lamp to be replaced for preventive maintenance
5.Conflicting Aspects
6.Signal Passing at danger
Point Machine
1. Friction in movement 2. Loose Packing of Point3. Point Fail4. Point not setting due to obstruction5. Point Button Not Properly Pressed-Premature release6. Point M/c drawing High Current7. Relay Bobbing
Point Loose Packing
Obstacle In Point
Button
1. Button Stuck Up2. Premature Release3. Unnecessary Pressing of Button4. Improper Sequence
Circuit
1 Progression Sequence Interrupted2 Contact offering High Resistance3 Fuse Blown Off
Analog Voltages & Currents-AC
Analog Voltages & Currents-DC
So what we require may be a Recording System
To Record all the information relating to the yard i.e Data Logger
What Is a Data Logger
A Microprocessor based system to log the changes in the status of Relay contacts & Analog Channels pertaining to a Railway panel interlocking or Route Relay Interlocking (RRI) station.
Computer Connectivity
Single Data-logger can be connected to Computer for storing & processing of the Relay and Voltage information
A Computer can also take data, through an FEP, connected to a network of Data-Loggers.
Computer Connectivity
In a computer all this data is stored in the Hard Disk. Present Day Hard Disks, of size 40GB can hold nearly 3 years of information of networks, having an average of 30 Data-loggers.
Computer Memory
Hard Disk
Computer
• Front End Processor(FEP) The data of the network is collected by the
FEP (Front End Processor), which in turn is transmitted to the computer
FEP acts as a buffer between the Computer and the Network
Information Generation
A data packet is generated whenever a change occurs in a Relay status or a Voltage channel.
This packet is stored in the storage space available in the Data logger (Nearly 85,000 packets in 4MB RAM ).
Serial Type Time Input ID Status
Data Packet
DLNo
INFORMATION PACKETINFORMATION PACKET
STRUCTURESTRUCTURE
RHNO/DLNO 1BYTE 00
SERL NO 2BYTES 01,02
CRC 1BYTE 03
TIME 4BYTES 04,05,06,07
REC ID 1BYTE 08
INPUT NO / CHANNEL VALUE
2 BYTES 09,10
STAS/CHANNEL NO. 1BYTE 11
Serial Type Time Input StatusDLNo
DLNo.-Packet Structure
Time-Packet StructureThe time is a number which gives an
accuracy of 16 milli-seconds.
Serial Type Time Input StatusDLNo
Relay On/Off Time
Input ID-Packet Structure
• Now we need to Know the Relay and its status – What about this?
The Input ID i.e the Number of the contact where it is connected to the Data logger, and the change(Status ) are also sent along.
Serial Type Time Input ID StatusDLNo
Relay1 On/Off Time1
Serial Type Time Input StatusDLNo
Relay2 On/Off Time2
Relay 3 On/Off Time3
1.
2.
3.
Analog2 On/Off Time44.
Input ID-Packet Structure
Relay1 On/Off Time1
Serial Type Time Input StatusDLNo
Relay2 On/Off Time2
Relay 3 On/Off Time3
1.
2.
3.
Analog2 On/Off Time44.
Serial Number-Packet Structure
Record ID -Packet Structure
• Record ID : A number indicating the type of information i.e Analog or Digital.
SerialRecord ID Time Input StatusDLNo
Analog / Digital
CRC-Packet Structure
The information when passed in a network may be corrupted due to noise etc.How can you identify this ??
CRC : Cyclic redundancy Check- is the best validation algorithm to identify the error, if any in the data packets.This Byte relates to this checking mechanism.
Facilities for viewing information in the Data-logger
and printing.
A Printer can be connected to a data-logger to have a hard copy of events recorded
The all Inputs status can be viewed in the Data-logger LCD screen as follows One row at a time
Status of all Inputs
Signal Name Contact Status
Signal 0001 Occupied
Printout of Status of Relays at Data-Logger
Date-Time Relay Status
Relay Information at the Computer
What is the Use of Relay On-Off information
• Let us Take an example of a Point M/c working
Normal Sequence Failure situation
Nwkr & Rwkr both ‘down’ for 25 seconds
Point Normal operation
Point Failure condition
18 RCR Down 03/05/2003 12:43:46:37518 NCR Up 03/05/2003 12:43:46:51618 NWKPR2 Up 03/05/2003 12:43:49:672 made to normal18 NCR Down 03/05/2003 12:43:56:12518 RCR Up 03/05/2003 12:43:56:26618 NWKPR2 Down 03/05/2003 12:43:56:359 attempt to make reverse18 RCR Down 03/05/2003 12:44:15:31218 NCR Up 03/05/2003 12:44:15:46918 NWKPR2 Up 03/05/2003 12:44:18:625 made to normal18 NCR Down 03/05/2003 12:44:20:73418 RCR Up 03/05/2003 12:44:20:844 Attempt to make reverse18 NWKPR2 Down 03/05/2003 12:44:20:93818 RCR Down 03/05/2003 12:45:28:56218 NCR Up 03/05/2003 12:45:28:719 * tried to make normal18 NCR Down 03/05/2003 12:45:29:953 *18 RCR Up 03/05/2003 12:45:30:078 5 attempt to make reverse *** (no fault declared here)18 RCR Down 03/05/2003 12:47:06:01618 NCR Up 03/05/2003 12:47:06:469
Loose packing Failure Condition Normal operation
NWKR status change when TPR ‘Down’
Signal blanking Failure condition Normal operation
All the ECRs ‘Down’ for 10 seconds
What is the Use of Relay On- Off Information
• The correct operation & abnormal operation of all the relays can be understood by analyzing the sequence of relay operations.
No Of Basic Relay Operations
• As Train Moves in a station yard an average of 50 Relays operate generating nearly 100 data packets . For a station where some 100 trains pass thru daily the no. rises to 10,000.
• For a network having some 30 DLs the No. of data Packets on a whole become 3,00,000.
Volume Of Data
This huge information needs to be filtered for a better analysis – isn’t it ?
So what may be the criteria
* Data-logger Name
* Relay Name & Type
* Date-Time Range
Filtering Relays
Filtered Relay Report
113 Point Relays Operation
Filtering Analog Channels
Selected Analog Channel Report
Sudden dip in all the AC Voltages
Analog Channel Graphs
Variations in Supply
How Can You Identify the abnormal sequence of Relay Operation ?
• An abnormal sequence of relay operation which should be highlighted by the system, as the relays operate is termed as a Fault Logic.
• A Fault Entry Software gives us the facility to define the sequence of operations.
• With this Information, NMDL Software , while taking data packets from the all the stations highlights any abnormal sequence of activity .
Logics In Analysis
Fault Entry Software
Logic NMDLSoftware
Data Packets From Data Loggers
Fault Files
Fault Conclusions
1. Online Relay Status
2. Online Analog Status
3. Online Simulation
Computer Hard Disk
------------------------------------------------------
Block Diagram of the Process Involved - 1
Fault Entry Screen
Part 1
Part 2
New Logic
Online fault Pop Up Screen
Identification of faults
Conveying Message of Fault Occurred to the Data Logger
Through Tele-controlsFaults
Fault Report Filtering
Detailed Fault Report
Fault Report with Signal Information
Quick analysis of FailuresFaults Summary Report
The Intensity of the Fault can be got from the FCount
What are the items you need for analyzing the sequence of an
operation???
The operational details of all the Relays connected in a circuit are required, whereas only a few relays are connected to the Data-logger.Due to this and many other factors,the conclusions made from this available information have their own limitations.
TPR Fail Logic Used IF TPR1, TPR2, TPR3 are in sequence then
If TPR1 UP - TPR2 DOWN- TPR3 UP Triggering Relay : TPR2
TPR Bobbing Logic Used IF TPR DOWN TO UP OR UP TO DOWN
Within the time interval.
Examples of common Logics
Track failure
Failure Condition Normal operation
A36ATpr,A37BTPR,A39ATpr are in sequence
Track Dn condition occurring in maintenance of tracks resulted in Track fail Logic wrongly
Cause of common Logic Limitations
Logic Limitation1. Due to Track maintenance2. Due to momentary Bobbing of TPR23. The POR(Power ON Relay) if not
considered in the Logic, Fault may be popped up wrongly
Point Machine•Fail NWKR is down and RWKR is down for
more than given time interval.
•Loose packing When TPR1 is down, then the
corresponding NWKR, RWKR should not change their status. Triggering signals are NWKR, RWKR.
Examples of common Logics
Point fail Failure condition Normal operation
Loose packing Failure Condition Normal operation
Signals
–Blanking – RECR down and HECR down and DECR down for more than given time interval
–Bulb fusing – After HR / DR goes up and if corresponding ECR is not up with in the given time interval. Triggering signal is HR.
–Flown back to danger -If TPR is DOWN then RR should be UP,ASPR should be
DOWN, DR should be UP and DECR should be UP.
Examples of common Logics
Signal blanking
Failure condition Normal operation
Cause of common Logic Limitations
Logic LimitationDue to maintenance or due to
momentary Bobbing of a Relay or due to non inclusion of LVR in a Logic, Fault may be declared wrongly
Route set failure After button1 is up and button2 is up and signal is not up within the
time interval sequence is checked. Triggering signals are Button1, Button2.
Route Cancellation failure.After button1 is up and button2 is up and route is not cancelled within the time interval sequence is checked. Triggering signals are Button1,
Button2.
Circuit FailureHR Circuit failure. Button1, Button2 are up and after time
interval if HR is DOWN
Quick Identification of failures
Relays which attained improper status
Cause of common Logic Limitations
Logic Limitations• Maintenance • Momentary Bobbing of Relays• Non-Availability of all the RelaysDue to the above limitations some times
Fault may be show up wrongly.
Importance of Analyzing Relay status changes
• After seeing the above cases of Limitations in various Logics ,What do You feel is the better way of concluding about the failures?
• The Faults triggered and shown to you in various reports ,the corresponding relay information should be carefully studied before concluding the results.
Introduction to Simulation
At This Juncture don’t You see that a better analysis can be done, with pictures of yard, showing the status of relays changing with time ??
Filtering Information for Simulation
Simulation
Train Passing through
Textual Display of changed Relay status
Easy assessment of situations by Officers through Summary
Reports
Summary Fault Filtering
Summary Reports
Number of Operations of various Point Machines
Some Frequent problems occurring in Data-Loggers are: 1. Chattering inputs2. Validity of contact3. Data entry Validation
Relay Report indicating Chattering Problem
Chattering On for 4 seconds
Chattering Relays Report
Validity Of Entered information
• The Relay Name & Contact Type is to be carefully noted for all the inputs and entered in the database at the computer end, as negative logic is used for Back contacts.
•The Fault Logics used should be tried and tested regularly and well tuned for better conclusions.
Validity Of Entered information
•For Analog channels the Minimum, Maximum voltages and Multiplication Factor are to be carefully selected.
Validity Of Entered information
PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE
OF SYSTEM
Life Time & Bulb operations
Predicting Failures
•Points working HARDWLR does not change its status from UP to Down within the given time interval.
• Frequently Bobbing Relays
• The complete statistics of a Signal i.e. Down Time & Count, Up Time & Count, Current Status, and Date & Time of change in the status etc give the information about Relays operating too frequently and help in Preventive Maintenance.
Preventive Maintenance
Relay Operations
Frequency of Relay Operations
Signal UP Count
Signal Down Count
ANALOG VOLTAGE
FLUCTUATIONS
Battery Discharge condition
Fluctuations in AC causing Fluctuations
in DC due to the problem in charger
Fluctuations in a weak Battery
What Have you Learnt in this Module???
• What is a Data-logger?• How is it storing the changes in the Relay status ?• How a better analysis of sequence of relay
operations and analog voltages, be done ?• How a better predictive and preventive
maintenance is possible?• What are the common problems in relay contacts
and voltage channels?