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Standards and education
Christian Degrigny
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use of electrochemical techniques inconservation
-Originally in France: supervision of conservation andengineering students (EDF-Valectra, ART-Mtal,ArcAntique)
-Finland (Master dedicated to marine artefacts): 2001-Switzerland
-Summer school: 2004-Training to master students: since 2008
-Norway (Oslo): master students since 2007-USA: EAS2006: workshop for professionals: 2006-Malta (MCR & Heritage Malta): 2003-2005-Netherlands: ICN and University of Amsterdam since
2000
Experience in training programmes
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Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5
Following of Pract 2+ review of pastresults
Objectives ofthe courseand a bit ofhistoryL1 Basic
principles -Ecorr :Definition andmeasurement
L3: Pourbaixdiagrams
L4: reactions ofpolarized metals in
solutions
L5: Understandingelectrochemical
reactions : the use of apotentiostat
Pract 8: Use ofsacrificial anodes for
polarization, cathodicprotection, electrolytic
pencil, mass treatments,
pulsed current
Pract 1:MeasurementEcorr - Meaning
of Ecorrmeasurement
s
Pract 3: Pourbaixdiagrams and use inconservation
Pract 4:Polarisation byusing a current
generator: settingup and control of
parameters
Pract 6 : Initiation to theuse of a potentiostat
Test 2
Lunch
Following ofPract 1
Application ofelectrochemicaltechniques inconservation:presentation II
L2:Parameters
affecting Ecorr
Pract 2:Parameters
affecting Ecorr
Test 1
Conclusion Discussion -Questions
Application ofelectrochemicaltechniques inconservation:presentation I
Pract 5: Applicationto conservation
issues (reduction oftarnish on copper,
silver and reductionof lead corrosion
products)
Pract 7 : variouspotentiostatic
measurements: cathodiccurves, identification ofpeaks, influence of thedifferent influences
Afternoonsessions
Morningsessions
Course programmes
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Day 1
Introduction to the principles and the electrochemicalparameters: Ecorr (meaning, measurement,reproducibility)
Monitoring vs time, effect of the alloying elements, theoxyded state,
-1400
-1200
-1000
-800
-600
-400
-200
0
200
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Temps (minutes)
Eco
rr(mV/ESH)
Cu
Al
Pb
Sesquicarbonate de sodium 1%, pH=9,5
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Pourbaix diagrams and their use
Day 2
-800
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Temps (minutes)
Ecorr
(mV/ESH)
Ag & Cu
Zn
Fe
Pb
Al
KNO3, pH=7,5
Sn
Immunit / passivation
Immunit / passivation
Passivation
Corrosion
PassivationPassivation
Passivation
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Cu
HNO3 SSKNO3
NaOH Behaviourexpected
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HNO3SS
KNO3NaOH
Al
Behaviourexpected
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-Possibilities of the SPAMT-Test tool
-Choice of appropriate
solutions for storage andstabilisation of metal artefacts
-Monitoring of the artefacts
during the immersion process
Application I in the C-R field
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Day 3
Artificial modification of the electrochemicalparameters to clean or stabilise CH artefacts
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Day 4
Introduction to the use of a potentiostat
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
CE
Cathode
RE
WEPC
Potentiostat
Ecorr
Mn+ + ne- M
Ecp
I (A)
E (V)
EH2
2H2O + 2e- 2OH- + H2
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Day 5
Application II in the C-R field:
-Treatment of artefacts
-Electrolytic pen
-Cathodic protection
-Mass treatment
-Oxydation
-Other applications (pulsedcurrents, composite artefacts,analysis of metals with VMP,
EIS)
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Feedback
- The young generation of C-Rs is trainedproperly all around Europe-Training programmes for C-R professionalshave been setup
-Still only a few C-Rs are using thesetechniques on a daily basis
-Need to include them in research projects asend-users (SPAMT Test)
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