DISSERTATION REPORT
ON
TRANSFORMING SHELTERS LEADING TO
AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Submitted byPragya Sharma
Guided byAr GMitra
FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE amp EKISTICSJAMIA MILIA ISLAMIANEW DELHI-110025
2010-2011
This is to certify that Pragya Sharma has worked on the Dissertation Projectentitled Transforming Shelters Leading To Affordable Housing under myguidance and supervision
Ar GMitra Prof SM AkhtarThesis Guide Dean
External Examiner 1
External Examiner 2
External Examiner 3
CERTIFICATE
I Pragya Sharma hereby declare that the Thesis entitled ldquoTransforming
Shelters Leading To Affordable Housingrdquo submitted in the partialfulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Masters ofArchitecture is my original design research work and that the information takenfrom secondary sources is given due citations and references
[Signature]
Pragya Sharma[Name of the Student]Roll NoDate 21Dec2010Place DelhiMEkistics 2ndSem (2010-11)
DECLARATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The journey has been long and there have been numerous co pilots Ilsquod like to
thank all of them First of all I would like to express my indebtedness towards my
computer and the world wide web which stood by me at each and every second
of my academic semester and after him my parents and friends who have been
instrumental in shaping me as I am
Ilsquod like to thank Prof G Mitra my guide who was persistent patient and
considerate towards my idea and for planting all the seeds in my mind directly or
indirectly
I would also like to thank our coordinator Ar Mahinder Sethi amp Ar Qamar Irshad
for his consistent guidance and update of the study and for his immense support
and consistent guidance that was never short of encouragement whenever it was
needed the most
Ilsquod like to thank my husband Ar Bhupendra Kumar who have been constantly the
source of new ideas and who gave me invaluable inputs
And a special thanks to Google and Wikimapia
[Signature]
Pragya Sharma[Name of the Student]Roll NoDate 21Dec2010Place DelhiMEkistics 2ndSem (2010-11)
CONTENTS
SNO
DESCRIPTION PAGES
1 Fore word 6
2 Objective amp scope of study 7
3 Research Methodology 8
4 Introduction
Defining Affordable Housing 10
Comparison between Affordable Housing amp Low Cost Housing
11
GDP Growthamp Housing Demand 13
Demand amp Supply Constraints 14
5 Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Land Availability amp Cost 16
Construction amp Other Costs 17
Connectivity amp Infrastructure 18
3 Case study 30
Land Availability amp Cost 16
4 Inferences 66
5 Bibliography 69
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 6
FOREWORD
Architecture is always an answer to need Starting from shelter through public buildings till high
rise commercials its has experienced a dynamic paradigm change with pace of life and its
influences
The time of Stone Age(when Caves were the buildings erected by nature and
captured by human) experienced a comfortable feeling of being inside a house and it emerged
like a nuclear reaction multiplying in doubles each moment of seconds Need being mother of
all inventions gave birth to shelters like Terra Amata and gradually developed into ancient
cities This was the time when residences were of most importance as it was the basic need of
life
Later on after demise of golden era neoclassical age started searching for
architecture styles from past but still public buildings were dominating various architects and
they kept them self limited to the roman temples and other communal structure Here came
the role of architect Robert Adam who left the rat race and decided to study and implement
residential architecture techniques used so far Adam devoted his attention to what little was
known about ancient residential design and interior detailing in part because he realized that
his architectural practice would rely on clients who requires homes not temples or churches
based on classical styles
Due to changing needs and reducing resources grand HAVELI are getting
converted into compact villas where as individual residences are smartly converting into multi-
story apartment Its controversial whether architecture is changing living styles or living styles
are changing architecture This study is aiming to answers the same reading amp analyzing the
governing factors and the transformations
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 7
ldquoSpace and light and orderldquoSpace and light and orderThese are the things that men needThese are the things that men need
Just as much as they needJust as much as they needBread or a place to sleepBread or a place to sleeprdquordquo
--Le CorbusierLe Corbusier
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 8
OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF STUDY
OBJECTIVES
-Scope of study is to find out the basis for setting parameters of Human Living Standards
-Study will find the habitable size of shelter in combination with AFFORDABILITY with DEMAND
of space To study the basic requirements of shelter eg requirement depending on family size
lifestyle etc
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS
-Scope of study is to find out the basis for setting parameters of Human Living Standards
-Study will find the habitable size of shelter in combination with AFFORDABILITY with DEMAND
of space To study the basic requirements of shelter eg requirement depending on family size
lifestyle etc
-Study the transformation of shelter ie shrinking of area Study the Transformation of Shelter
with respect to the other four elements of Ekistics( Man Network Nature amp Society)
-Study the Norms amp Regulations for a Sustainable Shelter Impact of Urban Lifestyle on shelter
eg DINK concept of Young working couples ie Double Income No Kid
-After effect of this transformation on the user After diagnostic approach interviews amp survey
will bring up design parameters for designing a HABITABLE SHELTER
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 9
First generating a case for the typology known aslsquo Mixed Land uselsquo in Delhi and analyzing the
various factors and forces responsible for the legitimacy of such a planning typology This would
be achieved by the critically analyzing the relevant literature
Second highlight the dismal history of the Master Plan of Delhi over the years and project how
in requisite the tools and strategies of MPD are for sustaining Mixed Land-use in the city
Through critical analysis of the role of MPD citing an example of one such area in the city and
also through drilling discussions with advisors and experts in the field
These case study areas have been selected on the basis of their location representation of all
the socio-economic groups of people and because these are fully developed and occupied
housing schemes under the Delhi Development Authority (DDA) which is the principal planning
agency to plan and regulate development in the city The field surveys included commercial land
use survey parking survey and interviews of residents shop keepers (doing business in
properties converted from residential uses) and customers selected randomly in these
settlements
Third understand the implications on master and land use plan on the introduction of such a
planning typology This would be achieved by analyzing various successful cities that have
managed to sustain this planning typology over the years Fourth highlight the various tools
and strategies required in the current planning system for mixed land use to be successful in
Delhi Concluded from the case studies of the cities done in the previous chapters
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 10
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 11
INTRODUCTION
Dwelling is one of the basic need of human from ancient time till date Demand and
affordability has defined the boundaries of various classes existing in society The measure
guiding factor is affordability as per day to day demands Living styles status or requirements
demand may be anything but affordability makes the things available There is no limit on
demands but affordability puts a stop mark on that
With the raise in scale of construction residential demands scales up to social demands amp
responsibilities towards societies such as open spaces wide streets low rise and high rise
buildings as per density plan and so on Here comes the bye laws which governs this individual
residential construction of buildings in such a way that once all are erected these results into a
good evenly distributed society
Demand
space to
rest and
sleep
plu
s space to
coo
k
plu
s space to
bath
plu
s space fo
r lavatory
plu
s space to
din
e
plu
s leasure sp
ace
plu
s space fo
r parkin
g
plu
s ou
tdo
or leasu
re space
clas
s
But these byelaws may need amendments as
per changing demand and construction
patterns to satisfy the contemporary culture
This study aims all these factors amp tries to
analyse existing laws supporting them and to
highlight those which needs to be changed
For example need of 200thk slab is reduced
to 150 mm thick and similar others
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 12
The real estate world has changed significantly after the global financial meltdown caused
by defaults on sub-prime loans in US India was no exception and the real estate market
witnessed a contraction in both volume and value Real estate developers were gripped
with the liquidity crisis and were forced to change the ways of doing business Downturn
and liquidity crunch forced developers to adopt a two pronged strategy ndash
smaller units at lesser prices
In this study I have attempted to define
Affordable Housing by using three key
parameters viz
bull income level
bull size of dwelling unit and
bull affordability
While I have assessed the demand and supply
constrains I have also highlighted the
initiatives taken by key stakeholders and their
perspective concerns
INDIA ndashGDP GROWTH
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 13
AFFORDABLE HOUSING ndashDEFINITION
Defining Affordable Housing
ldquoAffordabilityrdquo as a concept is very generic and could have different meanings for different
people based on differences in income levels
Affordable housing refers to any housing that meets some form of affordability
criterion
Defining affordable housing in
India is a difficult task given that
at every square kilo-meter of the
country the dynamics of the
market are different
In the United States and
Canada a commonly acceptedguideline for affordable housing isthat the cost of housing should notbe more than 30 percent of ahouseholds gross income
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 14
AFFORDABLE HOUSING VS LOW COST HOUSING
Low-cost housing is generally meant for EWS category and comprises bare minimum housing
facilities while affordable housing is mostly meant for LIG and MIG and includes basic amenities
like schools hospitals and other community facilities and services
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 15
INDICATIVE SIZE amp POTENTIAL IN INDIA
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 16
DEMAND AND SUPPLY CONSTRAINTS
The demand drivers for affordable housing are as below
Urbanization
Rising income levels leading to a sizeable middle class segment Urbanization is an
ldquoindex of transformation from traditional rural 1 economies to modern industrial one rdquo
Its a product of demographic explosion and poverty induced rural-urban migration
This resulted in pressure on urban infrastructure and in an increase in the number of
homeless people living on the streets
As per the 2001 census the total urban homeless population was 7 78599 people
which would be much more currently given the inadequate availability of 2affordable
low-cost housing
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 17
THE DEMAND MODEL METHODOLOGY
The land market is fundamentally described by household choices of location and lot size The outcomes as in all economics arises from the interaction of demand (of household) and supply (of land parcel) Households are characterized by their income and preferences while land supply is characterized by quantity location and lot characteristics Household preferences can be represented by the price each household is willing to pay for each type
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 18
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 19
DEMAND SUPPLY DYNAMICS
bull Short Supply of residential dwellingsbull Supply shortfall existing since post
independencebull In 2005 estimated demand is 2095
million supply is 1897 Millionbull Demand ndash Supply gap is narrowing
bull Low supply of housing for low
income earners
bull As per 11th 5 year plan
- Shortage of 2471 million
dwellings
- Close to 99 of shortage in
EWS amp LIG segment
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 20
BIRTH AND MIGRATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 21
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 22
POPULATION AND HOUSING
PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF ROOMS
OCCUPIED 1961 ndash 2001( in million )
No of Rooms
occupied 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001
One Room 531 50 458 396 351
Two Rooms 247 27 278 304 295
Three Rooms 103 114 122 148 171
Four or more
Rooms 111 114 121 147 159
No Exclusive
rooms 09 02 21 004 23
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
One Room Two Rooms Three
Rooms
Four or
more
Rooms
No
Exclusive
rooms
d
istr
ibut
ion
of h
ouse
hold
s
Approximate 50 of the households has two and three bed room dwelling units
Source Census of India 2001
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 23
Populatio
n
Residents
with
Buying
Power
Populatio
n under 20
Per
Capita
Income
GDP
Growth
Rate
Housing
Shortage
Estimate
1065
billion
300
million
58 $539 8 22 million
India Demographics Housing Shortage
Housing shortage at the beginning of 11th Five
Year Plan (142007)
2471 million
dwelling units
Additional Housing Requirement for the 11th
Plan ( 2007-2012)
182 million dwelling
units
Total housing requirement during 11th Plan
Period including the carried over housing shortage
2653 Million
dwelling units
TOTAL HOUSING SHORTAGE
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 24
CATEGORY VISE HOUSING SHORTAGE
Estimated Urban Housing Unit Shortage as on 142007
More than 99 shortage is for EWSLIG segments
Total 2471 m 10000EWS 2178 m 8814LIG 289 m 1169MIG amp HIG 004 m 016
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 25
28
46
618
Source Annual Report 2006-07 MoHUPA
Slum Population as age of total urban population is given in parenthesis
GROWTH OF SLUMS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 26
The housing requirement for the Rs3-10 Lakh income group is approx206 million units by 2011translating to a market size of Rs3300billion or USD 66 billion
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 27
SUGGESTED PARAMETER FOR HOUSING
EWS LIG MIG
Size 300-600 sq ft carpet area Not exceeding 1200 sq ft
carpet area
Cost Not exceeding 4 times
household gross annual
income
Not exceeding 5 times
household gross annual
income
EMIRent Not exceeding 30 of gross
monthly income
Not exceeding 40 of gross
monthly income
AFFORDABLE HOUSING THE CONCEPT AND ISSUES
Difficult to adopt a lsquoone-size-fits-allrsquo concept
Government should undertake a separate exercise to estimate the number of
households falling under the lsquoaffordable housingrsquo category
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 28
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 29
NCR revealed a number of interesting facts during the household survey carriedout in order to ascertain the affordability of the various income groups at citylevel Table 6 depicts in detail the maximum affordable EMI of households invarious income levels This EMI has been estimated from the annual income ofhousehold and its spending and saving behaviour The maximum EMI has beentranslated into affordable house property value based on an assumed interestrate loan tenure and loan to value ratio The table also shows the capital valuesthat the households will have to pay keeping in view the preferred house size andthe affordable house property value An interesting point that was inferred fromthe survey results was that the income groups of Rs3-5 Lakh and Rs5-6 Lakhpreferred similar sized units for their housing needs Both the income categoriesexpressed the area of their residential units in the range of 700-800 sqftHowever while this allows the lower income group to purchase a property withan average price of Rs2300sqft the same enabled the higher income group ofRs5-6 lakh to opt for properties in the range of Rs2900-3650sqft MeanwhileNCR spanning a larger area with vast land parcels available for residentialdevelopment provides varied location options for the residents of the city tofulfill their housing needs The category of households with income of Rs6 lakhand above can afford residential units in select pockets of the newly developedzones in Gurgaon Noida as well as along NH-2 and NH-24 Though these locationssuit the budget preference of households they are located about 30 kms from theCBD area of Delhi ie Connaught Place For example residential locations inGurgaon and Noida are atleast 30 kms from the CBD Residential locations on NH24 Ghaziabad and NH 2 Faridabad are about 35 kms and 27 kms respectivelyfrom the CBD Meanwhile if households especially those in the income categoryof Rs3-5 Lakh are willing to compromise on unit
IDENTIFYING AFFORDABILITY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35
H
H
H
H
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38
Objectives
bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments
bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government
and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and
ownership considerations
Diversity of affordable
housing
The affordable housingdevelopment provides
bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor
bull apartments
Car parking
Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site
Location of affordable
housing
Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices
PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39
Objectives
Integrating affordable housing
Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site
Suggested responses
INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury
40
Objectives
bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes
PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space
Addressing public space
A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)
Privacy within the development
Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces
Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous
SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41
41
External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users
Carparking and streetpresentation
The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures
Planting
Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development
Territoriality
bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated
bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42
Objectives
bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing
bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing
All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like
External entry areas
Internal entry areas
Livingdining areas
Kitchens
Bathrooms
Hallways
Bedrooms
Storage Area
Clothes Drying
Stairs and lifts( as per
NBC)
Open space
Security Adaptable housing
DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43
Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space
SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY
For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street
FRONT OPEN SPACES
OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44
44
Residential and Commercial Zones
In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of
more in residential and commercial zones the community open
spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as
far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the
use of the community in clusters or pockets
The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the
needs of area of layout population for which the layout is
planned and the category of dwelling units The following
minimum provision shall be made
a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or
b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open
spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons
No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm
the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of
recreational open space
Community open spaces and amenities
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45
Width of Means of Access
The residential plots shall abut
on a public means of access
like street-oad Plots which do
not abut on a streethoad shall
abuthont on a means of access
the width and other
requirements of which shall be
as given in Table 1
In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m
MEANS OF ACCESS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46
In the case of special housing schemes for low income group
and economically weaker section of society developed up to two
storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway
width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The
pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each
side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more
than 50 m
No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails
Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline
MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48
Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively
NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted
2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49
Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster
DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed
Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families
Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51
Life style
Affordability
Social Classification
Life style
SALARY CLASS
BUSINESS CLASS
BOTH WORKING
JOINT FAMILY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52
Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi
Zone ndashF
a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)
LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53
The component method of design provides a broad frame work for
achieving the described life style objectives
HOUSING COMPONENT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
This is to certify that Pragya Sharma has worked on the Dissertation Projectentitled Transforming Shelters Leading To Affordable Housing under myguidance and supervision
Ar GMitra Prof SM AkhtarThesis Guide Dean
External Examiner 1
External Examiner 2
External Examiner 3
CERTIFICATE
I Pragya Sharma hereby declare that the Thesis entitled ldquoTransforming
Shelters Leading To Affordable Housingrdquo submitted in the partialfulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Masters ofArchitecture is my original design research work and that the information takenfrom secondary sources is given due citations and references
[Signature]
Pragya Sharma[Name of the Student]Roll NoDate 21Dec2010Place DelhiMEkistics 2ndSem (2010-11)
DECLARATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The journey has been long and there have been numerous co pilots Ilsquod like to
thank all of them First of all I would like to express my indebtedness towards my
computer and the world wide web which stood by me at each and every second
of my academic semester and after him my parents and friends who have been
instrumental in shaping me as I am
Ilsquod like to thank Prof G Mitra my guide who was persistent patient and
considerate towards my idea and for planting all the seeds in my mind directly or
indirectly
I would also like to thank our coordinator Ar Mahinder Sethi amp Ar Qamar Irshad
for his consistent guidance and update of the study and for his immense support
and consistent guidance that was never short of encouragement whenever it was
needed the most
Ilsquod like to thank my husband Ar Bhupendra Kumar who have been constantly the
source of new ideas and who gave me invaluable inputs
And a special thanks to Google and Wikimapia
[Signature]
Pragya Sharma[Name of the Student]Roll NoDate 21Dec2010Place DelhiMEkistics 2ndSem (2010-11)
CONTENTS
SNO
DESCRIPTION PAGES
1 Fore word 6
2 Objective amp scope of study 7
3 Research Methodology 8
4 Introduction
Defining Affordable Housing 10
Comparison between Affordable Housing amp Low Cost Housing
11
GDP Growthamp Housing Demand 13
Demand amp Supply Constraints 14
5 Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Land Availability amp Cost 16
Construction amp Other Costs 17
Connectivity amp Infrastructure 18
3 Case study 30
Land Availability amp Cost 16
4 Inferences 66
5 Bibliography 69
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 6
FOREWORD
Architecture is always an answer to need Starting from shelter through public buildings till high
rise commercials its has experienced a dynamic paradigm change with pace of life and its
influences
The time of Stone Age(when Caves were the buildings erected by nature and
captured by human) experienced a comfortable feeling of being inside a house and it emerged
like a nuclear reaction multiplying in doubles each moment of seconds Need being mother of
all inventions gave birth to shelters like Terra Amata and gradually developed into ancient
cities This was the time when residences were of most importance as it was the basic need of
life
Later on after demise of golden era neoclassical age started searching for
architecture styles from past but still public buildings were dominating various architects and
they kept them self limited to the roman temples and other communal structure Here came
the role of architect Robert Adam who left the rat race and decided to study and implement
residential architecture techniques used so far Adam devoted his attention to what little was
known about ancient residential design and interior detailing in part because he realized that
his architectural practice would rely on clients who requires homes not temples or churches
based on classical styles
Due to changing needs and reducing resources grand HAVELI are getting
converted into compact villas where as individual residences are smartly converting into multi-
story apartment Its controversial whether architecture is changing living styles or living styles
are changing architecture This study is aiming to answers the same reading amp analyzing the
governing factors and the transformations
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 7
ldquoSpace and light and orderldquoSpace and light and orderThese are the things that men needThese are the things that men need
Just as much as they needJust as much as they needBread or a place to sleepBread or a place to sleeprdquordquo
--Le CorbusierLe Corbusier
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 8
OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF STUDY
OBJECTIVES
-Scope of study is to find out the basis for setting parameters of Human Living Standards
-Study will find the habitable size of shelter in combination with AFFORDABILITY with DEMAND
of space To study the basic requirements of shelter eg requirement depending on family size
lifestyle etc
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS
-Scope of study is to find out the basis for setting parameters of Human Living Standards
-Study will find the habitable size of shelter in combination with AFFORDABILITY with DEMAND
of space To study the basic requirements of shelter eg requirement depending on family size
lifestyle etc
-Study the transformation of shelter ie shrinking of area Study the Transformation of Shelter
with respect to the other four elements of Ekistics( Man Network Nature amp Society)
-Study the Norms amp Regulations for a Sustainable Shelter Impact of Urban Lifestyle on shelter
eg DINK concept of Young working couples ie Double Income No Kid
-After effect of this transformation on the user After diagnostic approach interviews amp survey
will bring up design parameters for designing a HABITABLE SHELTER
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 9
First generating a case for the typology known aslsquo Mixed Land uselsquo in Delhi and analyzing the
various factors and forces responsible for the legitimacy of such a planning typology This would
be achieved by the critically analyzing the relevant literature
Second highlight the dismal history of the Master Plan of Delhi over the years and project how
in requisite the tools and strategies of MPD are for sustaining Mixed Land-use in the city
Through critical analysis of the role of MPD citing an example of one such area in the city and
also through drilling discussions with advisors and experts in the field
These case study areas have been selected on the basis of their location representation of all
the socio-economic groups of people and because these are fully developed and occupied
housing schemes under the Delhi Development Authority (DDA) which is the principal planning
agency to plan and regulate development in the city The field surveys included commercial land
use survey parking survey and interviews of residents shop keepers (doing business in
properties converted from residential uses) and customers selected randomly in these
settlements
Third understand the implications on master and land use plan on the introduction of such a
planning typology This would be achieved by analyzing various successful cities that have
managed to sustain this planning typology over the years Fourth highlight the various tools
and strategies required in the current planning system for mixed land use to be successful in
Delhi Concluded from the case studies of the cities done in the previous chapters
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 10
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 11
INTRODUCTION
Dwelling is one of the basic need of human from ancient time till date Demand and
affordability has defined the boundaries of various classes existing in society The measure
guiding factor is affordability as per day to day demands Living styles status or requirements
demand may be anything but affordability makes the things available There is no limit on
demands but affordability puts a stop mark on that
With the raise in scale of construction residential demands scales up to social demands amp
responsibilities towards societies such as open spaces wide streets low rise and high rise
buildings as per density plan and so on Here comes the bye laws which governs this individual
residential construction of buildings in such a way that once all are erected these results into a
good evenly distributed society
Demand
space to
rest and
sleep
plu
s space to
coo
k
plu
s space to
bath
plu
s space fo
r lavatory
plu
s space to
din
e
plu
s leasure sp
ace
plu
s space fo
r parkin
g
plu
s ou
tdo
or leasu
re space
clas
s
But these byelaws may need amendments as
per changing demand and construction
patterns to satisfy the contemporary culture
This study aims all these factors amp tries to
analyse existing laws supporting them and to
highlight those which needs to be changed
For example need of 200thk slab is reduced
to 150 mm thick and similar others
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 12
The real estate world has changed significantly after the global financial meltdown caused
by defaults on sub-prime loans in US India was no exception and the real estate market
witnessed a contraction in both volume and value Real estate developers were gripped
with the liquidity crisis and were forced to change the ways of doing business Downturn
and liquidity crunch forced developers to adopt a two pronged strategy ndash
smaller units at lesser prices
In this study I have attempted to define
Affordable Housing by using three key
parameters viz
bull income level
bull size of dwelling unit and
bull affordability
While I have assessed the demand and supply
constrains I have also highlighted the
initiatives taken by key stakeholders and their
perspective concerns
INDIA ndashGDP GROWTH
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 13
AFFORDABLE HOUSING ndashDEFINITION
Defining Affordable Housing
ldquoAffordabilityrdquo as a concept is very generic and could have different meanings for different
people based on differences in income levels
Affordable housing refers to any housing that meets some form of affordability
criterion
Defining affordable housing in
India is a difficult task given that
at every square kilo-meter of the
country the dynamics of the
market are different
In the United States and
Canada a commonly acceptedguideline for affordable housing isthat the cost of housing should notbe more than 30 percent of ahouseholds gross income
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 14
AFFORDABLE HOUSING VS LOW COST HOUSING
Low-cost housing is generally meant for EWS category and comprises bare minimum housing
facilities while affordable housing is mostly meant for LIG and MIG and includes basic amenities
like schools hospitals and other community facilities and services
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 15
INDICATIVE SIZE amp POTENTIAL IN INDIA
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 16
DEMAND AND SUPPLY CONSTRAINTS
The demand drivers for affordable housing are as below
Urbanization
Rising income levels leading to a sizeable middle class segment Urbanization is an
ldquoindex of transformation from traditional rural 1 economies to modern industrial one rdquo
Its a product of demographic explosion and poverty induced rural-urban migration
This resulted in pressure on urban infrastructure and in an increase in the number of
homeless people living on the streets
As per the 2001 census the total urban homeless population was 7 78599 people
which would be much more currently given the inadequate availability of 2affordable
low-cost housing
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 17
THE DEMAND MODEL METHODOLOGY
The land market is fundamentally described by household choices of location and lot size The outcomes as in all economics arises from the interaction of demand (of household) and supply (of land parcel) Households are characterized by their income and preferences while land supply is characterized by quantity location and lot characteristics Household preferences can be represented by the price each household is willing to pay for each type
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 18
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 19
DEMAND SUPPLY DYNAMICS
bull Short Supply of residential dwellingsbull Supply shortfall existing since post
independencebull In 2005 estimated demand is 2095
million supply is 1897 Millionbull Demand ndash Supply gap is narrowing
bull Low supply of housing for low
income earners
bull As per 11th 5 year plan
- Shortage of 2471 million
dwellings
- Close to 99 of shortage in
EWS amp LIG segment
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 20
BIRTH AND MIGRATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 21
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 22
POPULATION AND HOUSING
PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF ROOMS
OCCUPIED 1961 ndash 2001( in million )
No of Rooms
occupied 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001
One Room 531 50 458 396 351
Two Rooms 247 27 278 304 295
Three Rooms 103 114 122 148 171
Four or more
Rooms 111 114 121 147 159
No Exclusive
rooms 09 02 21 004 23
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
One Room Two Rooms Three
Rooms
Four or
more
Rooms
No
Exclusive
rooms
d
istr
ibut
ion
of h
ouse
hold
s
Approximate 50 of the households has two and three bed room dwelling units
Source Census of India 2001
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 23
Populatio
n
Residents
with
Buying
Power
Populatio
n under 20
Per
Capita
Income
GDP
Growth
Rate
Housing
Shortage
Estimate
1065
billion
300
million
58 $539 8 22 million
India Demographics Housing Shortage
Housing shortage at the beginning of 11th Five
Year Plan (142007)
2471 million
dwelling units
Additional Housing Requirement for the 11th
Plan ( 2007-2012)
182 million dwelling
units
Total housing requirement during 11th Plan
Period including the carried over housing shortage
2653 Million
dwelling units
TOTAL HOUSING SHORTAGE
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 24
CATEGORY VISE HOUSING SHORTAGE
Estimated Urban Housing Unit Shortage as on 142007
More than 99 shortage is for EWSLIG segments
Total 2471 m 10000EWS 2178 m 8814LIG 289 m 1169MIG amp HIG 004 m 016
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 25
28
46
618
Source Annual Report 2006-07 MoHUPA
Slum Population as age of total urban population is given in parenthesis
GROWTH OF SLUMS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 26
The housing requirement for the Rs3-10 Lakh income group is approx206 million units by 2011translating to a market size of Rs3300billion or USD 66 billion
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 27
SUGGESTED PARAMETER FOR HOUSING
EWS LIG MIG
Size 300-600 sq ft carpet area Not exceeding 1200 sq ft
carpet area
Cost Not exceeding 4 times
household gross annual
income
Not exceeding 5 times
household gross annual
income
EMIRent Not exceeding 30 of gross
monthly income
Not exceeding 40 of gross
monthly income
AFFORDABLE HOUSING THE CONCEPT AND ISSUES
Difficult to adopt a lsquoone-size-fits-allrsquo concept
Government should undertake a separate exercise to estimate the number of
households falling under the lsquoaffordable housingrsquo category
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 28
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 29
NCR revealed a number of interesting facts during the household survey carriedout in order to ascertain the affordability of the various income groups at citylevel Table 6 depicts in detail the maximum affordable EMI of households invarious income levels This EMI has been estimated from the annual income ofhousehold and its spending and saving behaviour The maximum EMI has beentranslated into affordable house property value based on an assumed interestrate loan tenure and loan to value ratio The table also shows the capital valuesthat the households will have to pay keeping in view the preferred house size andthe affordable house property value An interesting point that was inferred fromthe survey results was that the income groups of Rs3-5 Lakh and Rs5-6 Lakhpreferred similar sized units for their housing needs Both the income categoriesexpressed the area of their residential units in the range of 700-800 sqftHowever while this allows the lower income group to purchase a property withan average price of Rs2300sqft the same enabled the higher income group ofRs5-6 lakh to opt for properties in the range of Rs2900-3650sqft MeanwhileNCR spanning a larger area with vast land parcels available for residentialdevelopment provides varied location options for the residents of the city tofulfill their housing needs The category of households with income of Rs6 lakhand above can afford residential units in select pockets of the newly developedzones in Gurgaon Noida as well as along NH-2 and NH-24 Though these locationssuit the budget preference of households they are located about 30 kms from theCBD area of Delhi ie Connaught Place For example residential locations inGurgaon and Noida are atleast 30 kms from the CBD Residential locations on NH24 Ghaziabad and NH 2 Faridabad are about 35 kms and 27 kms respectivelyfrom the CBD Meanwhile if households especially those in the income categoryof Rs3-5 Lakh are willing to compromise on unit
IDENTIFYING AFFORDABILITY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35
H
H
H
H
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38
Objectives
bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments
bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government
and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and
ownership considerations
Diversity of affordable
housing
The affordable housingdevelopment provides
bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor
bull apartments
Car parking
Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site
Location of affordable
housing
Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices
PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39
Objectives
Integrating affordable housing
Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site
Suggested responses
INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury
40
Objectives
bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes
PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space
Addressing public space
A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)
Privacy within the development
Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces
Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous
SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41
41
External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users
Carparking and streetpresentation
The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures
Planting
Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development
Territoriality
bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated
bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42
Objectives
bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing
bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing
All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like
External entry areas
Internal entry areas
Livingdining areas
Kitchens
Bathrooms
Hallways
Bedrooms
Storage Area
Clothes Drying
Stairs and lifts( as per
NBC)
Open space
Security Adaptable housing
DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43
Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space
SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY
For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street
FRONT OPEN SPACES
OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44
44
Residential and Commercial Zones
In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of
more in residential and commercial zones the community open
spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as
far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the
use of the community in clusters or pockets
The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the
needs of area of layout population for which the layout is
planned and the category of dwelling units The following
minimum provision shall be made
a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or
b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open
spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons
No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm
the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of
recreational open space
Community open spaces and amenities
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45
Width of Means of Access
The residential plots shall abut
on a public means of access
like street-oad Plots which do
not abut on a streethoad shall
abuthont on a means of access
the width and other
requirements of which shall be
as given in Table 1
In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m
MEANS OF ACCESS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46
In the case of special housing schemes for low income group
and economically weaker section of society developed up to two
storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway
width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The
pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each
side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more
than 50 m
No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails
Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline
MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48
Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively
NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted
2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49
Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster
DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed
Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families
Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51
Life style
Affordability
Social Classification
Life style
SALARY CLASS
BUSINESS CLASS
BOTH WORKING
JOINT FAMILY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52
Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi
Zone ndashF
a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)
LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53
The component method of design provides a broad frame work for
achieving the described life style objectives
HOUSING COMPONENT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
I Pragya Sharma hereby declare that the Thesis entitled ldquoTransforming
Shelters Leading To Affordable Housingrdquo submitted in the partialfulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Masters ofArchitecture is my original design research work and that the information takenfrom secondary sources is given due citations and references
[Signature]
Pragya Sharma[Name of the Student]Roll NoDate 21Dec2010Place DelhiMEkistics 2ndSem (2010-11)
DECLARATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The journey has been long and there have been numerous co pilots Ilsquod like to
thank all of them First of all I would like to express my indebtedness towards my
computer and the world wide web which stood by me at each and every second
of my academic semester and after him my parents and friends who have been
instrumental in shaping me as I am
Ilsquod like to thank Prof G Mitra my guide who was persistent patient and
considerate towards my idea and for planting all the seeds in my mind directly or
indirectly
I would also like to thank our coordinator Ar Mahinder Sethi amp Ar Qamar Irshad
for his consistent guidance and update of the study and for his immense support
and consistent guidance that was never short of encouragement whenever it was
needed the most
Ilsquod like to thank my husband Ar Bhupendra Kumar who have been constantly the
source of new ideas and who gave me invaluable inputs
And a special thanks to Google and Wikimapia
[Signature]
Pragya Sharma[Name of the Student]Roll NoDate 21Dec2010Place DelhiMEkistics 2ndSem (2010-11)
CONTENTS
SNO
DESCRIPTION PAGES
1 Fore word 6
2 Objective amp scope of study 7
3 Research Methodology 8
4 Introduction
Defining Affordable Housing 10
Comparison between Affordable Housing amp Low Cost Housing
11
GDP Growthamp Housing Demand 13
Demand amp Supply Constraints 14
5 Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Land Availability amp Cost 16
Construction amp Other Costs 17
Connectivity amp Infrastructure 18
3 Case study 30
Land Availability amp Cost 16
4 Inferences 66
5 Bibliography 69
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 6
FOREWORD
Architecture is always an answer to need Starting from shelter through public buildings till high
rise commercials its has experienced a dynamic paradigm change with pace of life and its
influences
The time of Stone Age(when Caves were the buildings erected by nature and
captured by human) experienced a comfortable feeling of being inside a house and it emerged
like a nuclear reaction multiplying in doubles each moment of seconds Need being mother of
all inventions gave birth to shelters like Terra Amata and gradually developed into ancient
cities This was the time when residences were of most importance as it was the basic need of
life
Later on after demise of golden era neoclassical age started searching for
architecture styles from past but still public buildings were dominating various architects and
they kept them self limited to the roman temples and other communal structure Here came
the role of architect Robert Adam who left the rat race and decided to study and implement
residential architecture techniques used so far Adam devoted his attention to what little was
known about ancient residential design and interior detailing in part because he realized that
his architectural practice would rely on clients who requires homes not temples or churches
based on classical styles
Due to changing needs and reducing resources grand HAVELI are getting
converted into compact villas where as individual residences are smartly converting into multi-
story apartment Its controversial whether architecture is changing living styles or living styles
are changing architecture This study is aiming to answers the same reading amp analyzing the
governing factors and the transformations
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 7
ldquoSpace and light and orderldquoSpace and light and orderThese are the things that men needThese are the things that men need
Just as much as they needJust as much as they needBread or a place to sleepBread or a place to sleeprdquordquo
--Le CorbusierLe Corbusier
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 8
OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF STUDY
OBJECTIVES
-Scope of study is to find out the basis for setting parameters of Human Living Standards
-Study will find the habitable size of shelter in combination with AFFORDABILITY with DEMAND
of space To study the basic requirements of shelter eg requirement depending on family size
lifestyle etc
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS
-Scope of study is to find out the basis for setting parameters of Human Living Standards
-Study will find the habitable size of shelter in combination with AFFORDABILITY with DEMAND
of space To study the basic requirements of shelter eg requirement depending on family size
lifestyle etc
-Study the transformation of shelter ie shrinking of area Study the Transformation of Shelter
with respect to the other four elements of Ekistics( Man Network Nature amp Society)
-Study the Norms amp Regulations for a Sustainable Shelter Impact of Urban Lifestyle on shelter
eg DINK concept of Young working couples ie Double Income No Kid
-After effect of this transformation on the user After diagnostic approach interviews amp survey
will bring up design parameters for designing a HABITABLE SHELTER
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 9
First generating a case for the typology known aslsquo Mixed Land uselsquo in Delhi and analyzing the
various factors and forces responsible for the legitimacy of such a planning typology This would
be achieved by the critically analyzing the relevant literature
Second highlight the dismal history of the Master Plan of Delhi over the years and project how
in requisite the tools and strategies of MPD are for sustaining Mixed Land-use in the city
Through critical analysis of the role of MPD citing an example of one such area in the city and
also through drilling discussions with advisors and experts in the field
These case study areas have been selected on the basis of their location representation of all
the socio-economic groups of people and because these are fully developed and occupied
housing schemes under the Delhi Development Authority (DDA) which is the principal planning
agency to plan and regulate development in the city The field surveys included commercial land
use survey parking survey and interviews of residents shop keepers (doing business in
properties converted from residential uses) and customers selected randomly in these
settlements
Third understand the implications on master and land use plan on the introduction of such a
planning typology This would be achieved by analyzing various successful cities that have
managed to sustain this planning typology over the years Fourth highlight the various tools
and strategies required in the current planning system for mixed land use to be successful in
Delhi Concluded from the case studies of the cities done in the previous chapters
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 10
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 11
INTRODUCTION
Dwelling is one of the basic need of human from ancient time till date Demand and
affordability has defined the boundaries of various classes existing in society The measure
guiding factor is affordability as per day to day demands Living styles status or requirements
demand may be anything but affordability makes the things available There is no limit on
demands but affordability puts a stop mark on that
With the raise in scale of construction residential demands scales up to social demands amp
responsibilities towards societies such as open spaces wide streets low rise and high rise
buildings as per density plan and so on Here comes the bye laws which governs this individual
residential construction of buildings in such a way that once all are erected these results into a
good evenly distributed society
Demand
space to
rest and
sleep
plu
s space to
coo
k
plu
s space to
bath
plu
s space fo
r lavatory
plu
s space to
din
e
plu
s leasure sp
ace
plu
s space fo
r parkin
g
plu
s ou
tdo
or leasu
re space
clas
s
But these byelaws may need amendments as
per changing demand and construction
patterns to satisfy the contemporary culture
This study aims all these factors amp tries to
analyse existing laws supporting them and to
highlight those which needs to be changed
For example need of 200thk slab is reduced
to 150 mm thick and similar others
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 12
The real estate world has changed significantly after the global financial meltdown caused
by defaults on sub-prime loans in US India was no exception and the real estate market
witnessed a contraction in both volume and value Real estate developers were gripped
with the liquidity crisis and were forced to change the ways of doing business Downturn
and liquidity crunch forced developers to adopt a two pronged strategy ndash
smaller units at lesser prices
In this study I have attempted to define
Affordable Housing by using three key
parameters viz
bull income level
bull size of dwelling unit and
bull affordability
While I have assessed the demand and supply
constrains I have also highlighted the
initiatives taken by key stakeholders and their
perspective concerns
INDIA ndashGDP GROWTH
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 13
AFFORDABLE HOUSING ndashDEFINITION
Defining Affordable Housing
ldquoAffordabilityrdquo as a concept is very generic and could have different meanings for different
people based on differences in income levels
Affordable housing refers to any housing that meets some form of affordability
criterion
Defining affordable housing in
India is a difficult task given that
at every square kilo-meter of the
country the dynamics of the
market are different
In the United States and
Canada a commonly acceptedguideline for affordable housing isthat the cost of housing should notbe more than 30 percent of ahouseholds gross income
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 14
AFFORDABLE HOUSING VS LOW COST HOUSING
Low-cost housing is generally meant for EWS category and comprises bare minimum housing
facilities while affordable housing is mostly meant for LIG and MIG and includes basic amenities
like schools hospitals and other community facilities and services
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 15
INDICATIVE SIZE amp POTENTIAL IN INDIA
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 16
DEMAND AND SUPPLY CONSTRAINTS
The demand drivers for affordable housing are as below
Urbanization
Rising income levels leading to a sizeable middle class segment Urbanization is an
ldquoindex of transformation from traditional rural 1 economies to modern industrial one rdquo
Its a product of demographic explosion and poverty induced rural-urban migration
This resulted in pressure on urban infrastructure and in an increase in the number of
homeless people living on the streets
As per the 2001 census the total urban homeless population was 7 78599 people
which would be much more currently given the inadequate availability of 2affordable
low-cost housing
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 17
THE DEMAND MODEL METHODOLOGY
The land market is fundamentally described by household choices of location and lot size The outcomes as in all economics arises from the interaction of demand (of household) and supply (of land parcel) Households are characterized by their income and preferences while land supply is characterized by quantity location and lot characteristics Household preferences can be represented by the price each household is willing to pay for each type
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 18
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 19
DEMAND SUPPLY DYNAMICS
bull Short Supply of residential dwellingsbull Supply shortfall existing since post
independencebull In 2005 estimated demand is 2095
million supply is 1897 Millionbull Demand ndash Supply gap is narrowing
bull Low supply of housing for low
income earners
bull As per 11th 5 year plan
- Shortage of 2471 million
dwellings
- Close to 99 of shortage in
EWS amp LIG segment
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 20
BIRTH AND MIGRATION
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Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 22
POPULATION AND HOUSING
PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF ROOMS
OCCUPIED 1961 ndash 2001( in million )
No of Rooms
occupied 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001
One Room 531 50 458 396 351
Two Rooms 247 27 278 304 295
Three Rooms 103 114 122 148 171
Four or more
Rooms 111 114 121 147 159
No Exclusive
rooms 09 02 21 004 23
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
One Room Two Rooms Three
Rooms
Four or
more
Rooms
No
Exclusive
rooms
d
istr
ibut
ion
of h
ouse
hold
s
Approximate 50 of the households has two and three bed room dwelling units
Source Census of India 2001
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 23
Populatio
n
Residents
with
Buying
Power
Populatio
n under 20
Per
Capita
Income
GDP
Growth
Rate
Housing
Shortage
Estimate
1065
billion
300
million
58 $539 8 22 million
India Demographics Housing Shortage
Housing shortage at the beginning of 11th Five
Year Plan (142007)
2471 million
dwelling units
Additional Housing Requirement for the 11th
Plan ( 2007-2012)
182 million dwelling
units
Total housing requirement during 11th Plan
Period including the carried over housing shortage
2653 Million
dwelling units
TOTAL HOUSING SHORTAGE
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 24
CATEGORY VISE HOUSING SHORTAGE
Estimated Urban Housing Unit Shortage as on 142007
More than 99 shortage is for EWSLIG segments
Total 2471 m 10000EWS 2178 m 8814LIG 289 m 1169MIG amp HIG 004 m 016
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 25
28
46
618
Source Annual Report 2006-07 MoHUPA
Slum Population as age of total urban population is given in parenthesis
GROWTH OF SLUMS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 26
The housing requirement for the Rs3-10 Lakh income group is approx206 million units by 2011translating to a market size of Rs3300billion or USD 66 billion
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 27
SUGGESTED PARAMETER FOR HOUSING
EWS LIG MIG
Size 300-600 sq ft carpet area Not exceeding 1200 sq ft
carpet area
Cost Not exceeding 4 times
household gross annual
income
Not exceeding 5 times
household gross annual
income
EMIRent Not exceeding 30 of gross
monthly income
Not exceeding 40 of gross
monthly income
AFFORDABLE HOUSING THE CONCEPT AND ISSUES
Difficult to adopt a lsquoone-size-fits-allrsquo concept
Government should undertake a separate exercise to estimate the number of
households falling under the lsquoaffordable housingrsquo category
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 28
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 29
NCR revealed a number of interesting facts during the household survey carriedout in order to ascertain the affordability of the various income groups at citylevel Table 6 depicts in detail the maximum affordable EMI of households invarious income levels This EMI has been estimated from the annual income ofhousehold and its spending and saving behaviour The maximum EMI has beentranslated into affordable house property value based on an assumed interestrate loan tenure and loan to value ratio The table also shows the capital valuesthat the households will have to pay keeping in view the preferred house size andthe affordable house property value An interesting point that was inferred fromthe survey results was that the income groups of Rs3-5 Lakh and Rs5-6 Lakhpreferred similar sized units for their housing needs Both the income categoriesexpressed the area of their residential units in the range of 700-800 sqftHowever while this allows the lower income group to purchase a property withan average price of Rs2300sqft the same enabled the higher income group ofRs5-6 lakh to opt for properties in the range of Rs2900-3650sqft MeanwhileNCR spanning a larger area with vast land parcels available for residentialdevelopment provides varied location options for the residents of the city tofulfill their housing needs The category of households with income of Rs6 lakhand above can afford residential units in select pockets of the newly developedzones in Gurgaon Noida as well as along NH-2 and NH-24 Though these locationssuit the budget preference of households they are located about 30 kms from theCBD area of Delhi ie Connaught Place For example residential locations inGurgaon and Noida are atleast 30 kms from the CBD Residential locations on NH24 Ghaziabad and NH 2 Faridabad are about 35 kms and 27 kms respectivelyfrom the CBD Meanwhile if households especially those in the income categoryof Rs3-5 Lakh are willing to compromise on unit
IDENTIFYING AFFORDABILITY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30
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Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35
H
H
H
H
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38
Objectives
bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments
bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government
and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and
ownership considerations
Diversity of affordable
housing
The affordable housingdevelopment provides
bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor
bull apartments
Car parking
Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site
Location of affordable
housing
Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices
PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39
Objectives
Integrating affordable housing
Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site
Suggested responses
INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury
40
Objectives
bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes
PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space
Addressing public space
A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)
Privacy within the development
Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces
Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous
SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41
41
External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users
Carparking and streetpresentation
The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures
Planting
Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development
Territoriality
bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated
bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42
Objectives
bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing
bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing
All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like
External entry areas
Internal entry areas
Livingdining areas
Kitchens
Bathrooms
Hallways
Bedrooms
Storage Area
Clothes Drying
Stairs and lifts( as per
NBC)
Open space
Security Adaptable housing
DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43
Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space
SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY
For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street
FRONT OPEN SPACES
OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44
44
Residential and Commercial Zones
In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of
more in residential and commercial zones the community open
spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as
far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the
use of the community in clusters or pockets
The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the
needs of area of layout population for which the layout is
planned and the category of dwelling units The following
minimum provision shall be made
a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or
b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open
spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons
No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm
the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of
recreational open space
Community open spaces and amenities
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45
Width of Means of Access
The residential plots shall abut
on a public means of access
like street-oad Plots which do
not abut on a streethoad shall
abuthont on a means of access
the width and other
requirements of which shall be
as given in Table 1
In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m
MEANS OF ACCESS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46
In the case of special housing schemes for low income group
and economically weaker section of society developed up to two
storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway
width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The
pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each
side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more
than 50 m
No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails
Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline
MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48
Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively
NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted
2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49
Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster
DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed
Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families
Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51
Life style
Affordability
Social Classification
Life style
SALARY CLASS
BUSINESS CLASS
BOTH WORKING
JOINT FAMILY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52
Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi
Zone ndashF
a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)
LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53
The component method of design provides a broad frame work for
achieving the described life style objectives
HOUSING COMPONENT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The journey has been long and there have been numerous co pilots Ilsquod like to
thank all of them First of all I would like to express my indebtedness towards my
computer and the world wide web which stood by me at each and every second
of my academic semester and after him my parents and friends who have been
instrumental in shaping me as I am
Ilsquod like to thank Prof G Mitra my guide who was persistent patient and
considerate towards my idea and for planting all the seeds in my mind directly or
indirectly
I would also like to thank our coordinator Ar Mahinder Sethi amp Ar Qamar Irshad
for his consistent guidance and update of the study and for his immense support
and consistent guidance that was never short of encouragement whenever it was
needed the most
Ilsquod like to thank my husband Ar Bhupendra Kumar who have been constantly the
source of new ideas and who gave me invaluable inputs
And a special thanks to Google and Wikimapia
[Signature]
Pragya Sharma[Name of the Student]Roll NoDate 21Dec2010Place DelhiMEkistics 2ndSem (2010-11)
CONTENTS
SNO
DESCRIPTION PAGES
1 Fore word 6
2 Objective amp scope of study 7
3 Research Methodology 8
4 Introduction
Defining Affordable Housing 10
Comparison between Affordable Housing amp Low Cost Housing
11
GDP Growthamp Housing Demand 13
Demand amp Supply Constraints 14
5 Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Land Availability amp Cost 16
Construction amp Other Costs 17
Connectivity amp Infrastructure 18
3 Case study 30
Land Availability amp Cost 16
4 Inferences 66
5 Bibliography 69
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 6
FOREWORD
Architecture is always an answer to need Starting from shelter through public buildings till high
rise commercials its has experienced a dynamic paradigm change with pace of life and its
influences
The time of Stone Age(when Caves were the buildings erected by nature and
captured by human) experienced a comfortable feeling of being inside a house and it emerged
like a nuclear reaction multiplying in doubles each moment of seconds Need being mother of
all inventions gave birth to shelters like Terra Amata and gradually developed into ancient
cities This was the time when residences were of most importance as it was the basic need of
life
Later on after demise of golden era neoclassical age started searching for
architecture styles from past but still public buildings were dominating various architects and
they kept them self limited to the roman temples and other communal structure Here came
the role of architect Robert Adam who left the rat race and decided to study and implement
residential architecture techniques used so far Adam devoted his attention to what little was
known about ancient residential design and interior detailing in part because he realized that
his architectural practice would rely on clients who requires homes not temples or churches
based on classical styles
Due to changing needs and reducing resources grand HAVELI are getting
converted into compact villas where as individual residences are smartly converting into multi-
story apartment Its controversial whether architecture is changing living styles or living styles
are changing architecture This study is aiming to answers the same reading amp analyzing the
governing factors and the transformations
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 7
ldquoSpace and light and orderldquoSpace and light and orderThese are the things that men needThese are the things that men need
Just as much as they needJust as much as they needBread or a place to sleepBread or a place to sleeprdquordquo
--Le CorbusierLe Corbusier
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 8
OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF STUDY
OBJECTIVES
-Scope of study is to find out the basis for setting parameters of Human Living Standards
-Study will find the habitable size of shelter in combination with AFFORDABILITY with DEMAND
of space To study the basic requirements of shelter eg requirement depending on family size
lifestyle etc
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS
-Scope of study is to find out the basis for setting parameters of Human Living Standards
-Study will find the habitable size of shelter in combination with AFFORDABILITY with DEMAND
of space To study the basic requirements of shelter eg requirement depending on family size
lifestyle etc
-Study the transformation of shelter ie shrinking of area Study the Transformation of Shelter
with respect to the other four elements of Ekistics( Man Network Nature amp Society)
-Study the Norms amp Regulations for a Sustainable Shelter Impact of Urban Lifestyle on shelter
eg DINK concept of Young working couples ie Double Income No Kid
-After effect of this transformation on the user After diagnostic approach interviews amp survey
will bring up design parameters for designing a HABITABLE SHELTER
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 9
First generating a case for the typology known aslsquo Mixed Land uselsquo in Delhi and analyzing the
various factors and forces responsible for the legitimacy of such a planning typology This would
be achieved by the critically analyzing the relevant literature
Second highlight the dismal history of the Master Plan of Delhi over the years and project how
in requisite the tools and strategies of MPD are for sustaining Mixed Land-use in the city
Through critical analysis of the role of MPD citing an example of one such area in the city and
also through drilling discussions with advisors and experts in the field
These case study areas have been selected on the basis of their location representation of all
the socio-economic groups of people and because these are fully developed and occupied
housing schemes under the Delhi Development Authority (DDA) which is the principal planning
agency to plan and regulate development in the city The field surveys included commercial land
use survey parking survey and interviews of residents shop keepers (doing business in
properties converted from residential uses) and customers selected randomly in these
settlements
Third understand the implications on master and land use plan on the introduction of such a
planning typology This would be achieved by analyzing various successful cities that have
managed to sustain this planning typology over the years Fourth highlight the various tools
and strategies required in the current planning system for mixed land use to be successful in
Delhi Concluded from the case studies of the cities done in the previous chapters
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 10
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 11
INTRODUCTION
Dwelling is one of the basic need of human from ancient time till date Demand and
affordability has defined the boundaries of various classes existing in society The measure
guiding factor is affordability as per day to day demands Living styles status or requirements
demand may be anything but affordability makes the things available There is no limit on
demands but affordability puts a stop mark on that
With the raise in scale of construction residential demands scales up to social demands amp
responsibilities towards societies such as open spaces wide streets low rise and high rise
buildings as per density plan and so on Here comes the bye laws which governs this individual
residential construction of buildings in such a way that once all are erected these results into a
good evenly distributed society
Demand
space to
rest and
sleep
plu
s space to
coo
k
plu
s space to
bath
plu
s space fo
r lavatory
plu
s space to
din
e
plu
s leasure sp
ace
plu
s space fo
r parkin
g
plu
s ou
tdo
or leasu
re space
clas
s
But these byelaws may need amendments as
per changing demand and construction
patterns to satisfy the contemporary culture
This study aims all these factors amp tries to
analyse existing laws supporting them and to
highlight those which needs to be changed
For example need of 200thk slab is reduced
to 150 mm thick and similar others
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 12
The real estate world has changed significantly after the global financial meltdown caused
by defaults on sub-prime loans in US India was no exception and the real estate market
witnessed a contraction in both volume and value Real estate developers were gripped
with the liquidity crisis and were forced to change the ways of doing business Downturn
and liquidity crunch forced developers to adopt a two pronged strategy ndash
smaller units at lesser prices
In this study I have attempted to define
Affordable Housing by using three key
parameters viz
bull income level
bull size of dwelling unit and
bull affordability
While I have assessed the demand and supply
constrains I have also highlighted the
initiatives taken by key stakeholders and their
perspective concerns
INDIA ndashGDP GROWTH
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 13
AFFORDABLE HOUSING ndashDEFINITION
Defining Affordable Housing
ldquoAffordabilityrdquo as a concept is very generic and could have different meanings for different
people based on differences in income levels
Affordable housing refers to any housing that meets some form of affordability
criterion
Defining affordable housing in
India is a difficult task given that
at every square kilo-meter of the
country the dynamics of the
market are different
In the United States and
Canada a commonly acceptedguideline for affordable housing isthat the cost of housing should notbe more than 30 percent of ahouseholds gross income
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 14
AFFORDABLE HOUSING VS LOW COST HOUSING
Low-cost housing is generally meant for EWS category and comprises bare minimum housing
facilities while affordable housing is mostly meant for LIG and MIG and includes basic amenities
like schools hospitals and other community facilities and services
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 15
INDICATIVE SIZE amp POTENTIAL IN INDIA
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 16
DEMAND AND SUPPLY CONSTRAINTS
The demand drivers for affordable housing are as below
Urbanization
Rising income levels leading to a sizeable middle class segment Urbanization is an
ldquoindex of transformation from traditional rural 1 economies to modern industrial one rdquo
Its a product of demographic explosion and poverty induced rural-urban migration
This resulted in pressure on urban infrastructure and in an increase in the number of
homeless people living on the streets
As per the 2001 census the total urban homeless population was 7 78599 people
which would be much more currently given the inadequate availability of 2affordable
low-cost housing
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 17
THE DEMAND MODEL METHODOLOGY
The land market is fundamentally described by household choices of location and lot size The outcomes as in all economics arises from the interaction of demand (of household) and supply (of land parcel) Households are characterized by their income and preferences while land supply is characterized by quantity location and lot characteristics Household preferences can be represented by the price each household is willing to pay for each type
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 18
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 19
DEMAND SUPPLY DYNAMICS
bull Short Supply of residential dwellingsbull Supply shortfall existing since post
independencebull In 2005 estimated demand is 2095
million supply is 1897 Millionbull Demand ndash Supply gap is narrowing
bull Low supply of housing for low
income earners
bull As per 11th 5 year plan
- Shortage of 2471 million
dwellings
- Close to 99 of shortage in
EWS amp LIG segment
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 20
BIRTH AND MIGRATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 21
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 22
POPULATION AND HOUSING
PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF ROOMS
OCCUPIED 1961 ndash 2001( in million )
No of Rooms
occupied 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001
One Room 531 50 458 396 351
Two Rooms 247 27 278 304 295
Three Rooms 103 114 122 148 171
Four or more
Rooms 111 114 121 147 159
No Exclusive
rooms 09 02 21 004 23
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
One Room Two Rooms Three
Rooms
Four or
more
Rooms
No
Exclusive
rooms
d
istr
ibut
ion
of h
ouse
hold
s
Approximate 50 of the households has two and three bed room dwelling units
Source Census of India 2001
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 23
Populatio
n
Residents
with
Buying
Power
Populatio
n under 20
Per
Capita
Income
GDP
Growth
Rate
Housing
Shortage
Estimate
1065
billion
300
million
58 $539 8 22 million
India Demographics Housing Shortage
Housing shortage at the beginning of 11th Five
Year Plan (142007)
2471 million
dwelling units
Additional Housing Requirement for the 11th
Plan ( 2007-2012)
182 million dwelling
units
Total housing requirement during 11th Plan
Period including the carried over housing shortage
2653 Million
dwelling units
TOTAL HOUSING SHORTAGE
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 24
CATEGORY VISE HOUSING SHORTAGE
Estimated Urban Housing Unit Shortage as on 142007
More than 99 shortage is for EWSLIG segments
Total 2471 m 10000EWS 2178 m 8814LIG 289 m 1169MIG amp HIG 004 m 016
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 25
28
46
618
Source Annual Report 2006-07 MoHUPA
Slum Population as age of total urban population is given in parenthesis
GROWTH OF SLUMS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 26
The housing requirement for the Rs3-10 Lakh income group is approx206 million units by 2011translating to a market size of Rs3300billion or USD 66 billion
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 27
SUGGESTED PARAMETER FOR HOUSING
EWS LIG MIG
Size 300-600 sq ft carpet area Not exceeding 1200 sq ft
carpet area
Cost Not exceeding 4 times
household gross annual
income
Not exceeding 5 times
household gross annual
income
EMIRent Not exceeding 30 of gross
monthly income
Not exceeding 40 of gross
monthly income
AFFORDABLE HOUSING THE CONCEPT AND ISSUES
Difficult to adopt a lsquoone-size-fits-allrsquo concept
Government should undertake a separate exercise to estimate the number of
households falling under the lsquoaffordable housingrsquo category
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 28
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 29
NCR revealed a number of interesting facts during the household survey carriedout in order to ascertain the affordability of the various income groups at citylevel Table 6 depicts in detail the maximum affordable EMI of households invarious income levels This EMI has been estimated from the annual income ofhousehold and its spending and saving behaviour The maximum EMI has beentranslated into affordable house property value based on an assumed interestrate loan tenure and loan to value ratio The table also shows the capital valuesthat the households will have to pay keeping in view the preferred house size andthe affordable house property value An interesting point that was inferred fromthe survey results was that the income groups of Rs3-5 Lakh and Rs5-6 Lakhpreferred similar sized units for their housing needs Both the income categoriesexpressed the area of their residential units in the range of 700-800 sqftHowever while this allows the lower income group to purchase a property withan average price of Rs2300sqft the same enabled the higher income group ofRs5-6 lakh to opt for properties in the range of Rs2900-3650sqft MeanwhileNCR spanning a larger area with vast land parcels available for residentialdevelopment provides varied location options for the residents of the city tofulfill their housing needs The category of households with income of Rs6 lakhand above can afford residential units in select pockets of the newly developedzones in Gurgaon Noida as well as along NH-2 and NH-24 Though these locationssuit the budget preference of households they are located about 30 kms from theCBD area of Delhi ie Connaught Place For example residential locations inGurgaon and Noida are atleast 30 kms from the CBD Residential locations on NH24 Ghaziabad and NH 2 Faridabad are about 35 kms and 27 kms respectivelyfrom the CBD Meanwhile if households especially those in the income categoryof Rs3-5 Lakh are willing to compromise on unit
IDENTIFYING AFFORDABILITY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35
H
H
H
H
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38
Objectives
bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments
bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government
and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and
ownership considerations
Diversity of affordable
housing
The affordable housingdevelopment provides
bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor
bull apartments
Car parking
Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site
Location of affordable
housing
Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices
PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39
Objectives
Integrating affordable housing
Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site
Suggested responses
INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury
40
Objectives
bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes
PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space
Addressing public space
A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)
Privacy within the development
Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces
Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous
SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41
41
External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users
Carparking and streetpresentation
The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures
Planting
Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development
Territoriality
bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated
bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42
Objectives
bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing
bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing
All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like
External entry areas
Internal entry areas
Livingdining areas
Kitchens
Bathrooms
Hallways
Bedrooms
Storage Area
Clothes Drying
Stairs and lifts( as per
NBC)
Open space
Security Adaptable housing
DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43
Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space
SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY
For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street
FRONT OPEN SPACES
OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44
44
Residential and Commercial Zones
In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of
more in residential and commercial zones the community open
spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as
far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the
use of the community in clusters or pockets
The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the
needs of area of layout population for which the layout is
planned and the category of dwelling units The following
minimum provision shall be made
a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or
b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open
spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons
No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm
the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of
recreational open space
Community open spaces and amenities
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45
Width of Means of Access
The residential plots shall abut
on a public means of access
like street-oad Plots which do
not abut on a streethoad shall
abuthont on a means of access
the width and other
requirements of which shall be
as given in Table 1
In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m
MEANS OF ACCESS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46
In the case of special housing schemes for low income group
and economically weaker section of society developed up to two
storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway
width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The
pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each
side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more
than 50 m
No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails
Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline
MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48
Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively
NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted
2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49
Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster
DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed
Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families
Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51
Life style
Affordability
Social Classification
Life style
SALARY CLASS
BUSINESS CLASS
BOTH WORKING
JOINT FAMILY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52
Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi
Zone ndashF
a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)
LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53
The component method of design provides a broad frame work for
achieving the described life style objectives
HOUSING COMPONENT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
CONTENTS
SNO
DESCRIPTION PAGES
1 Fore word 6
2 Objective amp scope of study 7
3 Research Methodology 8
4 Introduction
Defining Affordable Housing 10
Comparison between Affordable Housing amp Low Cost Housing
11
GDP Growthamp Housing Demand 13
Demand amp Supply Constraints 14
5 Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Land Availability amp Cost 16
Construction amp Other Costs 17
Connectivity amp Infrastructure 18
3 Case study 30
Land Availability amp Cost 16
4 Inferences 66
5 Bibliography 69
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 6
FOREWORD
Architecture is always an answer to need Starting from shelter through public buildings till high
rise commercials its has experienced a dynamic paradigm change with pace of life and its
influences
The time of Stone Age(when Caves were the buildings erected by nature and
captured by human) experienced a comfortable feeling of being inside a house and it emerged
like a nuclear reaction multiplying in doubles each moment of seconds Need being mother of
all inventions gave birth to shelters like Terra Amata and gradually developed into ancient
cities This was the time when residences were of most importance as it was the basic need of
life
Later on after demise of golden era neoclassical age started searching for
architecture styles from past but still public buildings were dominating various architects and
they kept them self limited to the roman temples and other communal structure Here came
the role of architect Robert Adam who left the rat race and decided to study and implement
residential architecture techniques used so far Adam devoted his attention to what little was
known about ancient residential design and interior detailing in part because he realized that
his architectural practice would rely on clients who requires homes not temples or churches
based on classical styles
Due to changing needs and reducing resources grand HAVELI are getting
converted into compact villas where as individual residences are smartly converting into multi-
story apartment Its controversial whether architecture is changing living styles or living styles
are changing architecture This study is aiming to answers the same reading amp analyzing the
governing factors and the transformations
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 7
ldquoSpace and light and orderldquoSpace and light and orderThese are the things that men needThese are the things that men need
Just as much as they needJust as much as they needBread or a place to sleepBread or a place to sleeprdquordquo
--Le CorbusierLe Corbusier
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 8
OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF STUDY
OBJECTIVES
-Scope of study is to find out the basis for setting parameters of Human Living Standards
-Study will find the habitable size of shelter in combination with AFFORDABILITY with DEMAND
of space To study the basic requirements of shelter eg requirement depending on family size
lifestyle etc
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS
-Scope of study is to find out the basis for setting parameters of Human Living Standards
-Study will find the habitable size of shelter in combination with AFFORDABILITY with DEMAND
of space To study the basic requirements of shelter eg requirement depending on family size
lifestyle etc
-Study the transformation of shelter ie shrinking of area Study the Transformation of Shelter
with respect to the other four elements of Ekistics( Man Network Nature amp Society)
-Study the Norms amp Regulations for a Sustainable Shelter Impact of Urban Lifestyle on shelter
eg DINK concept of Young working couples ie Double Income No Kid
-After effect of this transformation on the user After diagnostic approach interviews amp survey
will bring up design parameters for designing a HABITABLE SHELTER
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 9
First generating a case for the typology known aslsquo Mixed Land uselsquo in Delhi and analyzing the
various factors and forces responsible for the legitimacy of such a planning typology This would
be achieved by the critically analyzing the relevant literature
Second highlight the dismal history of the Master Plan of Delhi over the years and project how
in requisite the tools and strategies of MPD are for sustaining Mixed Land-use in the city
Through critical analysis of the role of MPD citing an example of one such area in the city and
also through drilling discussions with advisors and experts in the field
These case study areas have been selected on the basis of their location representation of all
the socio-economic groups of people and because these are fully developed and occupied
housing schemes under the Delhi Development Authority (DDA) which is the principal planning
agency to plan and regulate development in the city The field surveys included commercial land
use survey parking survey and interviews of residents shop keepers (doing business in
properties converted from residential uses) and customers selected randomly in these
settlements
Third understand the implications on master and land use plan on the introduction of such a
planning typology This would be achieved by analyzing various successful cities that have
managed to sustain this planning typology over the years Fourth highlight the various tools
and strategies required in the current planning system for mixed land use to be successful in
Delhi Concluded from the case studies of the cities done in the previous chapters
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 10
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 11
INTRODUCTION
Dwelling is one of the basic need of human from ancient time till date Demand and
affordability has defined the boundaries of various classes existing in society The measure
guiding factor is affordability as per day to day demands Living styles status or requirements
demand may be anything but affordability makes the things available There is no limit on
demands but affordability puts a stop mark on that
With the raise in scale of construction residential demands scales up to social demands amp
responsibilities towards societies such as open spaces wide streets low rise and high rise
buildings as per density plan and so on Here comes the bye laws which governs this individual
residential construction of buildings in such a way that once all are erected these results into a
good evenly distributed society
Demand
space to
rest and
sleep
plu
s space to
coo
k
plu
s space to
bath
plu
s space fo
r lavatory
plu
s space to
din
e
plu
s leasure sp
ace
plu
s space fo
r parkin
g
plu
s ou
tdo
or leasu
re space
clas
s
But these byelaws may need amendments as
per changing demand and construction
patterns to satisfy the contemporary culture
This study aims all these factors amp tries to
analyse existing laws supporting them and to
highlight those which needs to be changed
For example need of 200thk slab is reduced
to 150 mm thick and similar others
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 12
The real estate world has changed significantly after the global financial meltdown caused
by defaults on sub-prime loans in US India was no exception and the real estate market
witnessed a contraction in both volume and value Real estate developers were gripped
with the liquidity crisis and were forced to change the ways of doing business Downturn
and liquidity crunch forced developers to adopt a two pronged strategy ndash
smaller units at lesser prices
In this study I have attempted to define
Affordable Housing by using three key
parameters viz
bull income level
bull size of dwelling unit and
bull affordability
While I have assessed the demand and supply
constrains I have also highlighted the
initiatives taken by key stakeholders and their
perspective concerns
INDIA ndashGDP GROWTH
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 13
AFFORDABLE HOUSING ndashDEFINITION
Defining Affordable Housing
ldquoAffordabilityrdquo as a concept is very generic and could have different meanings for different
people based on differences in income levels
Affordable housing refers to any housing that meets some form of affordability
criterion
Defining affordable housing in
India is a difficult task given that
at every square kilo-meter of the
country the dynamics of the
market are different
In the United States and
Canada a commonly acceptedguideline for affordable housing isthat the cost of housing should notbe more than 30 percent of ahouseholds gross income
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 14
AFFORDABLE HOUSING VS LOW COST HOUSING
Low-cost housing is generally meant for EWS category and comprises bare minimum housing
facilities while affordable housing is mostly meant for LIG and MIG and includes basic amenities
like schools hospitals and other community facilities and services
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 15
INDICATIVE SIZE amp POTENTIAL IN INDIA
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 16
DEMAND AND SUPPLY CONSTRAINTS
The demand drivers for affordable housing are as below
Urbanization
Rising income levels leading to a sizeable middle class segment Urbanization is an
ldquoindex of transformation from traditional rural 1 economies to modern industrial one rdquo
Its a product of demographic explosion and poverty induced rural-urban migration
This resulted in pressure on urban infrastructure and in an increase in the number of
homeless people living on the streets
As per the 2001 census the total urban homeless population was 7 78599 people
which would be much more currently given the inadequate availability of 2affordable
low-cost housing
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 17
THE DEMAND MODEL METHODOLOGY
The land market is fundamentally described by household choices of location and lot size The outcomes as in all economics arises from the interaction of demand (of household) and supply (of land parcel) Households are characterized by their income and preferences while land supply is characterized by quantity location and lot characteristics Household preferences can be represented by the price each household is willing to pay for each type
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 18
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 19
DEMAND SUPPLY DYNAMICS
bull Short Supply of residential dwellingsbull Supply shortfall existing since post
independencebull In 2005 estimated demand is 2095
million supply is 1897 Millionbull Demand ndash Supply gap is narrowing
bull Low supply of housing for low
income earners
bull As per 11th 5 year plan
- Shortage of 2471 million
dwellings
- Close to 99 of shortage in
EWS amp LIG segment
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 20
BIRTH AND MIGRATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 21
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 22
POPULATION AND HOUSING
PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF ROOMS
OCCUPIED 1961 ndash 2001( in million )
No of Rooms
occupied 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001
One Room 531 50 458 396 351
Two Rooms 247 27 278 304 295
Three Rooms 103 114 122 148 171
Four or more
Rooms 111 114 121 147 159
No Exclusive
rooms 09 02 21 004 23
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
One Room Two Rooms Three
Rooms
Four or
more
Rooms
No
Exclusive
rooms
d
istr
ibut
ion
of h
ouse
hold
s
Approximate 50 of the households has two and three bed room dwelling units
Source Census of India 2001
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 23
Populatio
n
Residents
with
Buying
Power
Populatio
n under 20
Per
Capita
Income
GDP
Growth
Rate
Housing
Shortage
Estimate
1065
billion
300
million
58 $539 8 22 million
India Demographics Housing Shortage
Housing shortage at the beginning of 11th Five
Year Plan (142007)
2471 million
dwelling units
Additional Housing Requirement for the 11th
Plan ( 2007-2012)
182 million dwelling
units
Total housing requirement during 11th Plan
Period including the carried over housing shortage
2653 Million
dwelling units
TOTAL HOUSING SHORTAGE
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 24
CATEGORY VISE HOUSING SHORTAGE
Estimated Urban Housing Unit Shortage as on 142007
More than 99 shortage is for EWSLIG segments
Total 2471 m 10000EWS 2178 m 8814LIG 289 m 1169MIG amp HIG 004 m 016
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 25
28
46
618
Source Annual Report 2006-07 MoHUPA
Slum Population as age of total urban population is given in parenthesis
GROWTH OF SLUMS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 26
The housing requirement for the Rs3-10 Lakh income group is approx206 million units by 2011translating to a market size of Rs3300billion or USD 66 billion
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 27
SUGGESTED PARAMETER FOR HOUSING
EWS LIG MIG
Size 300-600 sq ft carpet area Not exceeding 1200 sq ft
carpet area
Cost Not exceeding 4 times
household gross annual
income
Not exceeding 5 times
household gross annual
income
EMIRent Not exceeding 30 of gross
monthly income
Not exceeding 40 of gross
monthly income
AFFORDABLE HOUSING THE CONCEPT AND ISSUES
Difficult to adopt a lsquoone-size-fits-allrsquo concept
Government should undertake a separate exercise to estimate the number of
households falling under the lsquoaffordable housingrsquo category
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 28
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 29
NCR revealed a number of interesting facts during the household survey carriedout in order to ascertain the affordability of the various income groups at citylevel Table 6 depicts in detail the maximum affordable EMI of households invarious income levels This EMI has been estimated from the annual income ofhousehold and its spending and saving behaviour The maximum EMI has beentranslated into affordable house property value based on an assumed interestrate loan tenure and loan to value ratio The table also shows the capital valuesthat the households will have to pay keeping in view the preferred house size andthe affordable house property value An interesting point that was inferred fromthe survey results was that the income groups of Rs3-5 Lakh and Rs5-6 Lakhpreferred similar sized units for their housing needs Both the income categoriesexpressed the area of their residential units in the range of 700-800 sqftHowever while this allows the lower income group to purchase a property withan average price of Rs2300sqft the same enabled the higher income group ofRs5-6 lakh to opt for properties in the range of Rs2900-3650sqft MeanwhileNCR spanning a larger area with vast land parcels available for residentialdevelopment provides varied location options for the residents of the city tofulfill their housing needs The category of households with income of Rs6 lakhand above can afford residential units in select pockets of the newly developedzones in Gurgaon Noida as well as along NH-2 and NH-24 Though these locationssuit the budget preference of households they are located about 30 kms from theCBD area of Delhi ie Connaught Place For example residential locations inGurgaon and Noida are atleast 30 kms from the CBD Residential locations on NH24 Ghaziabad and NH 2 Faridabad are about 35 kms and 27 kms respectivelyfrom the CBD Meanwhile if households especially those in the income categoryof Rs3-5 Lakh are willing to compromise on unit
IDENTIFYING AFFORDABILITY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35
H
H
H
H
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38
Objectives
bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments
bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government
and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and
ownership considerations
Diversity of affordable
housing
The affordable housingdevelopment provides
bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor
bull apartments
Car parking
Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site
Location of affordable
housing
Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices
PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39
Objectives
Integrating affordable housing
Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site
Suggested responses
INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury
40
Objectives
bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes
PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space
Addressing public space
A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)
Privacy within the development
Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces
Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous
SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41
41
External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users
Carparking and streetpresentation
The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures
Planting
Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development
Territoriality
bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated
bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42
Objectives
bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing
bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing
All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like
External entry areas
Internal entry areas
Livingdining areas
Kitchens
Bathrooms
Hallways
Bedrooms
Storage Area
Clothes Drying
Stairs and lifts( as per
NBC)
Open space
Security Adaptable housing
DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43
Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space
SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY
For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street
FRONT OPEN SPACES
OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44
44
Residential and Commercial Zones
In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of
more in residential and commercial zones the community open
spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as
far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the
use of the community in clusters or pockets
The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the
needs of area of layout population for which the layout is
planned and the category of dwelling units The following
minimum provision shall be made
a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or
b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open
spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons
No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm
the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of
recreational open space
Community open spaces and amenities
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45
Width of Means of Access
The residential plots shall abut
on a public means of access
like street-oad Plots which do
not abut on a streethoad shall
abuthont on a means of access
the width and other
requirements of which shall be
as given in Table 1
In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m
MEANS OF ACCESS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46
In the case of special housing schemes for low income group
and economically weaker section of society developed up to two
storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway
width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The
pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each
side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more
than 50 m
No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails
Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline
MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48
Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively
NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted
2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49
Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster
DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed
Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families
Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51
Life style
Affordability
Social Classification
Life style
SALARY CLASS
BUSINESS CLASS
BOTH WORKING
JOINT FAMILY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52
Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi
Zone ndashF
a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)
LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53
The component method of design provides a broad frame work for
achieving the described life style objectives
HOUSING COMPONENT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 6
FOREWORD
Architecture is always an answer to need Starting from shelter through public buildings till high
rise commercials its has experienced a dynamic paradigm change with pace of life and its
influences
The time of Stone Age(when Caves were the buildings erected by nature and
captured by human) experienced a comfortable feeling of being inside a house and it emerged
like a nuclear reaction multiplying in doubles each moment of seconds Need being mother of
all inventions gave birth to shelters like Terra Amata and gradually developed into ancient
cities This was the time when residences were of most importance as it was the basic need of
life
Later on after demise of golden era neoclassical age started searching for
architecture styles from past but still public buildings were dominating various architects and
they kept them self limited to the roman temples and other communal structure Here came
the role of architect Robert Adam who left the rat race and decided to study and implement
residential architecture techniques used so far Adam devoted his attention to what little was
known about ancient residential design and interior detailing in part because he realized that
his architectural practice would rely on clients who requires homes not temples or churches
based on classical styles
Due to changing needs and reducing resources grand HAVELI are getting
converted into compact villas where as individual residences are smartly converting into multi-
story apartment Its controversial whether architecture is changing living styles or living styles
are changing architecture This study is aiming to answers the same reading amp analyzing the
governing factors and the transformations
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 7
ldquoSpace and light and orderldquoSpace and light and orderThese are the things that men needThese are the things that men need
Just as much as they needJust as much as they needBread or a place to sleepBread or a place to sleeprdquordquo
--Le CorbusierLe Corbusier
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 8
OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF STUDY
OBJECTIVES
-Scope of study is to find out the basis for setting parameters of Human Living Standards
-Study will find the habitable size of shelter in combination with AFFORDABILITY with DEMAND
of space To study the basic requirements of shelter eg requirement depending on family size
lifestyle etc
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS
-Scope of study is to find out the basis for setting parameters of Human Living Standards
-Study will find the habitable size of shelter in combination with AFFORDABILITY with DEMAND
of space To study the basic requirements of shelter eg requirement depending on family size
lifestyle etc
-Study the transformation of shelter ie shrinking of area Study the Transformation of Shelter
with respect to the other four elements of Ekistics( Man Network Nature amp Society)
-Study the Norms amp Regulations for a Sustainable Shelter Impact of Urban Lifestyle on shelter
eg DINK concept of Young working couples ie Double Income No Kid
-After effect of this transformation on the user After diagnostic approach interviews amp survey
will bring up design parameters for designing a HABITABLE SHELTER
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 9
First generating a case for the typology known aslsquo Mixed Land uselsquo in Delhi and analyzing the
various factors and forces responsible for the legitimacy of such a planning typology This would
be achieved by the critically analyzing the relevant literature
Second highlight the dismal history of the Master Plan of Delhi over the years and project how
in requisite the tools and strategies of MPD are for sustaining Mixed Land-use in the city
Through critical analysis of the role of MPD citing an example of one such area in the city and
also through drilling discussions with advisors and experts in the field
These case study areas have been selected on the basis of their location representation of all
the socio-economic groups of people and because these are fully developed and occupied
housing schemes under the Delhi Development Authority (DDA) which is the principal planning
agency to plan and regulate development in the city The field surveys included commercial land
use survey parking survey and interviews of residents shop keepers (doing business in
properties converted from residential uses) and customers selected randomly in these
settlements
Third understand the implications on master and land use plan on the introduction of such a
planning typology This would be achieved by analyzing various successful cities that have
managed to sustain this planning typology over the years Fourth highlight the various tools
and strategies required in the current planning system for mixed land use to be successful in
Delhi Concluded from the case studies of the cities done in the previous chapters
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 10
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 11
INTRODUCTION
Dwelling is one of the basic need of human from ancient time till date Demand and
affordability has defined the boundaries of various classes existing in society The measure
guiding factor is affordability as per day to day demands Living styles status or requirements
demand may be anything but affordability makes the things available There is no limit on
demands but affordability puts a stop mark on that
With the raise in scale of construction residential demands scales up to social demands amp
responsibilities towards societies such as open spaces wide streets low rise and high rise
buildings as per density plan and so on Here comes the bye laws which governs this individual
residential construction of buildings in such a way that once all are erected these results into a
good evenly distributed society
Demand
space to
rest and
sleep
plu
s space to
coo
k
plu
s space to
bath
plu
s space fo
r lavatory
plu
s space to
din
e
plu
s leasure sp
ace
plu
s space fo
r parkin
g
plu
s ou
tdo
or leasu
re space
clas
s
But these byelaws may need amendments as
per changing demand and construction
patterns to satisfy the contemporary culture
This study aims all these factors amp tries to
analyse existing laws supporting them and to
highlight those which needs to be changed
For example need of 200thk slab is reduced
to 150 mm thick and similar others
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 12
The real estate world has changed significantly after the global financial meltdown caused
by defaults on sub-prime loans in US India was no exception and the real estate market
witnessed a contraction in both volume and value Real estate developers were gripped
with the liquidity crisis and were forced to change the ways of doing business Downturn
and liquidity crunch forced developers to adopt a two pronged strategy ndash
smaller units at lesser prices
In this study I have attempted to define
Affordable Housing by using three key
parameters viz
bull income level
bull size of dwelling unit and
bull affordability
While I have assessed the demand and supply
constrains I have also highlighted the
initiatives taken by key stakeholders and their
perspective concerns
INDIA ndashGDP GROWTH
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 13
AFFORDABLE HOUSING ndashDEFINITION
Defining Affordable Housing
ldquoAffordabilityrdquo as a concept is very generic and could have different meanings for different
people based on differences in income levels
Affordable housing refers to any housing that meets some form of affordability
criterion
Defining affordable housing in
India is a difficult task given that
at every square kilo-meter of the
country the dynamics of the
market are different
In the United States and
Canada a commonly acceptedguideline for affordable housing isthat the cost of housing should notbe more than 30 percent of ahouseholds gross income
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 14
AFFORDABLE HOUSING VS LOW COST HOUSING
Low-cost housing is generally meant for EWS category and comprises bare minimum housing
facilities while affordable housing is mostly meant for LIG and MIG and includes basic amenities
like schools hospitals and other community facilities and services
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 15
INDICATIVE SIZE amp POTENTIAL IN INDIA
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 16
DEMAND AND SUPPLY CONSTRAINTS
The demand drivers for affordable housing are as below
Urbanization
Rising income levels leading to a sizeable middle class segment Urbanization is an
ldquoindex of transformation from traditional rural 1 economies to modern industrial one rdquo
Its a product of demographic explosion and poverty induced rural-urban migration
This resulted in pressure on urban infrastructure and in an increase in the number of
homeless people living on the streets
As per the 2001 census the total urban homeless population was 7 78599 people
which would be much more currently given the inadequate availability of 2affordable
low-cost housing
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 17
THE DEMAND MODEL METHODOLOGY
The land market is fundamentally described by household choices of location and lot size The outcomes as in all economics arises from the interaction of demand (of household) and supply (of land parcel) Households are characterized by their income and preferences while land supply is characterized by quantity location and lot characteristics Household preferences can be represented by the price each household is willing to pay for each type
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 18
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 19
DEMAND SUPPLY DYNAMICS
bull Short Supply of residential dwellingsbull Supply shortfall existing since post
independencebull In 2005 estimated demand is 2095
million supply is 1897 Millionbull Demand ndash Supply gap is narrowing
bull Low supply of housing for low
income earners
bull As per 11th 5 year plan
- Shortage of 2471 million
dwellings
- Close to 99 of shortage in
EWS amp LIG segment
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 20
BIRTH AND MIGRATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 21
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 22
POPULATION AND HOUSING
PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF ROOMS
OCCUPIED 1961 ndash 2001( in million )
No of Rooms
occupied 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001
One Room 531 50 458 396 351
Two Rooms 247 27 278 304 295
Three Rooms 103 114 122 148 171
Four or more
Rooms 111 114 121 147 159
No Exclusive
rooms 09 02 21 004 23
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
One Room Two Rooms Three
Rooms
Four or
more
Rooms
No
Exclusive
rooms
d
istr
ibut
ion
of h
ouse
hold
s
Approximate 50 of the households has two and three bed room dwelling units
Source Census of India 2001
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 23
Populatio
n
Residents
with
Buying
Power
Populatio
n under 20
Per
Capita
Income
GDP
Growth
Rate
Housing
Shortage
Estimate
1065
billion
300
million
58 $539 8 22 million
India Demographics Housing Shortage
Housing shortage at the beginning of 11th Five
Year Plan (142007)
2471 million
dwelling units
Additional Housing Requirement for the 11th
Plan ( 2007-2012)
182 million dwelling
units
Total housing requirement during 11th Plan
Period including the carried over housing shortage
2653 Million
dwelling units
TOTAL HOUSING SHORTAGE
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 24
CATEGORY VISE HOUSING SHORTAGE
Estimated Urban Housing Unit Shortage as on 142007
More than 99 shortage is for EWSLIG segments
Total 2471 m 10000EWS 2178 m 8814LIG 289 m 1169MIG amp HIG 004 m 016
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 25
28
46
618
Source Annual Report 2006-07 MoHUPA
Slum Population as age of total urban population is given in parenthesis
GROWTH OF SLUMS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 26
The housing requirement for the Rs3-10 Lakh income group is approx206 million units by 2011translating to a market size of Rs3300billion or USD 66 billion
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 27
SUGGESTED PARAMETER FOR HOUSING
EWS LIG MIG
Size 300-600 sq ft carpet area Not exceeding 1200 sq ft
carpet area
Cost Not exceeding 4 times
household gross annual
income
Not exceeding 5 times
household gross annual
income
EMIRent Not exceeding 30 of gross
monthly income
Not exceeding 40 of gross
monthly income
AFFORDABLE HOUSING THE CONCEPT AND ISSUES
Difficult to adopt a lsquoone-size-fits-allrsquo concept
Government should undertake a separate exercise to estimate the number of
households falling under the lsquoaffordable housingrsquo category
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 28
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 29
NCR revealed a number of interesting facts during the household survey carriedout in order to ascertain the affordability of the various income groups at citylevel Table 6 depicts in detail the maximum affordable EMI of households invarious income levels This EMI has been estimated from the annual income ofhousehold and its spending and saving behaviour The maximum EMI has beentranslated into affordable house property value based on an assumed interestrate loan tenure and loan to value ratio The table also shows the capital valuesthat the households will have to pay keeping in view the preferred house size andthe affordable house property value An interesting point that was inferred fromthe survey results was that the income groups of Rs3-5 Lakh and Rs5-6 Lakhpreferred similar sized units for their housing needs Both the income categoriesexpressed the area of their residential units in the range of 700-800 sqftHowever while this allows the lower income group to purchase a property withan average price of Rs2300sqft the same enabled the higher income group ofRs5-6 lakh to opt for properties in the range of Rs2900-3650sqft MeanwhileNCR spanning a larger area with vast land parcels available for residentialdevelopment provides varied location options for the residents of the city tofulfill their housing needs The category of households with income of Rs6 lakhand above can afford residential units in select pockets of the newly developedzones in Gurgaon Noida as well as along NH-2 and NH-24 Though these locationssuit the budget preference of households they are located about 30 kms from theCBD area of Delhi ie Connaught Place For example residential locations inGurgaon and Noida are atleast 30 kms from the CBD Residential locations on NH24 Ghaziabad and NH 2 Faridabad are about 35 kms and 27 kms respectivelyfrom the CBD Meanwhile if households especially those in the income categoryof Rs3-5 Lakh are willing to compromise on unit
IDENTIFYING AFFORDABILITY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35
H
H
H
H
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38
Objectives
bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments
bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government
and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and
ownership considerations
Diversity of affordable
housing
The affordable housingdevelopment provides
bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor
bull apartments
Car parking
Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site
Location of affordable
housing
Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices
PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39
Objectives
Integrating affordable housing
Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site
Suggested responses
INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury
40
Objectives
bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes
PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space
Addressing public space
A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)
Privacy within the development
Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces
Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous
SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41
41
External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users
Carparking and streetpresentation
The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures
Planting
Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development
Territoriality
bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated
bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42
Objectives
bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing
bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing
All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like
External entry areas
Internal entry areas
Livingdining areas
Kitchens
Bathrooms
Hallways
Bedrooms
Storage Area
Clothes Drying
Stairs and lifts( as per
NBC)
Open space
Security Adaptable housing
DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43
Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space
SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY
For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street
FRONT OPEN SPACES
OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44
44
Residential and Commercial Zones
In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of
more in residential and commercial zones the community open
spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as
far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the
use of the community in clusters or pockets
The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the
needs of area of layout population for which the layout is
planned and the category of dwelling units The following
minimum provision shall be made
a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or
b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open
spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons
No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm
the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of
recreational open space
Community open spaces and amenities
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45
Width of Means of Access
The residential plots shall abut
on a public means of access
like street-oad Plots which do
not abut on a streethoad shall
abuthont on a means of access
the width and other
requirements of which shall be
as given in Table 1
In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m
MEANS OF ACCESS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46
In the case of special housing schemes for low income group
and economically weaker section of society developed up to two
storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway
width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The
pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each
side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more
than 50 m
No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails
Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline
MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48
Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively
NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted
2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49
Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster
DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed
Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families
Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51
Life style
Affordability
Social Classification
Life style
SALARY CLASS
BUSINESS CLASS
BOTH WORKING
JOINT FAMILY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52
Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi
Zone ndashF
a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)
LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53
The component method of design provides a broad frame work for
achieving the described life style objectives
HOUSING COMPONENT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 7
ldquoSpace and light and orderldquoSpace and light and orderThese are the things that men needThese are the things that men need
Just as much as they needJust as much as they needBread or a place to sleepBread or a place to sleeprdquordquo
--Le CorbusierLe Corbusier
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 8
OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF STUDY
OBJECTIVES
-Scope of study is to find out the basis for setting parameters of Human Living Standards
-Study will find the habitable size of shelter in combination with AFFORDABILITY with DEMAND
of space To study the basic requirements of shelter eg requirement depending on family size
lifestyle etc
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS
-Scope of study is to find out the basis for setting parameters of Human Living Standards
-Study will find the habitable size of shelter in combination with AFFORDABILITY with DEMAND
of space To study the basic requirements of shelter eg requirement depending on family size
lifestyle etc
-Study the transformation of shelter ie shrinking of area Study the Transformation of Shelter
with respect to the other four elements of Ekistics( Man Network Nature amp Society)
-Study the Norms amp Regulations for a Sustainable Shelter Impact of Urban Lifestyle on shelter
eg DINK concept of Young working couples ie Double Income No Kid
-After effect of this transformation on the user After diagnostic approach interviews amp survey
will bring up design parameters for designing a HABITABLE SHELTER
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 9
First generating a case for the typology known aslsquo Mixed Land uselsquo in Delhi and analyzing the
various factors and forces responsible for the legitimacy of such a planning typology This would
be achieved by the critically analyzing the relevant literature
Second highlight the dismal history of the Master Plan of Delhi over the years and project how
in requisite the tools and strategies of MPD are for sustaining Mixed Land-use in the city
Through critical analysis of the role of MPD citing an example of one such area in the city and
also through drilling discussions with advisors and experts in the field
These case study areas have been selected on the basis of their location representation of all
the socio-economic groups of people and because these are fully developed and occupied
housing schemes under the Delhi Development Authority (DDA) which is the principal planning
agency to plan and regulate development in the city The field surveys included commercial land
use survey parking survey and interviews of residents shop keepers (doing business in
properties converted from residential uses) and customers selected randomly in these
settlements
Third understand the implications on master and land use plan on the introduction of such a
planning typology This would be achieved by analyzing various successful cities that have
managed to sustain this planning typology over the years Fourth highlight the various tools
and strategies required in the current planning system for mixed land use to be successful in
Delhi Concluded from the case studies of the cities done in the previous chapters
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 10
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 11
INTRODUCTION
Dwelling is one of the basic need of human from ancient time till date Demand and
affordability has defined the boundaries of various classes existing in society The measure
guiding factor is affordability as per day to day demands Living styles status or requirements
demand may be anything but affordability makes the things available There is no limit on
demands but affordability puts a stop mark on that
With the raise in scale of construction residential demands scales up to social demands amp
responsibilities towards societies such as open spaces wide streets low rise and high rise
buildings as per density plan and so on Here comes the bye laws which governs this individual
residential construction of buildings in such a way that once all are erected these results into a
good evenly distributed society
Demand
space to
rest and
sleep
plu
s space to
coo
k
plu
s space to
bath
plu
s space fo
r lavatory
plu
s space to
din
e
plu
s leasure sp
ace
plu
s space fo
r parkin
g
plu
s ou
tdo
or leasu
re space
clas
s
But these byelaws may need amendments as
per changing demand and construction
patterns to satisfy the contemporary culture
This study aims all these factors amp tries to
analyse existing laws supporting them and to
highlight those which needs to be changed
For example need of 200thk slab is reduced
to 150 mm thick and similar others
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 12
The real estate world has changed significantly after the global financial meltdown caused
by defaults on sub-prime loans in US India was no exception and the real estate market
witnessed a contraction in both volume and value Real estate developers were gripped
with the liquidity crisis and were forced to change the ways of doing business Downturn
and liquidity crunch forced developers to adopt a two pronged strategy ndash
smaller units at lesser prices
In this study I have attempted to define
Affordable Housing by using three key
parameters viz
bull income level
bull size of dwelling unit and
bull affordability
While I have assessed the demand and supply
constrains I have also highlighted the
initiatives taken by key stakeholders and their
perspective concerns
INDIA ndashGDP GROWTH
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 13
AFFORDABLE HOUSING ndashDEFINITION
Defining Affordable Housing
ldquoAffordabilityrdquo as a concept is very generic and could have different meanings for different
people based on differences in income levels
Affordable housing refers to any housing that meets some form of affordability
criterion
Defining affordable housing in
India is a difficult task given that
at every square kilo-meter of the
country the dynamics of the
market are different
In the United States and
Canada a commonly acceptedguideline for affordable housing isthat the cost of housing should notbe more than 30 percent of ahouseholds gross income
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 14
AFFORDABLE HOUSING VS LOW COST HOUSING
Low-cost housing is generally meant for EWS category and comprises bare minimum housing
facilities while affordable housing is mostly meant for LIG and MIG and includes basic amenities
like schools hospitals and other community facilities and services
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 15
INDICATIVE SIZE amp POTENTIAL IN INDIA
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 16
DEMAND AND SUPPLY CONSTRAINTS
The demand drivers for affordable housing are as below
Urbanization
Rising income levels leading to a sizeable middle class segment Urbanization is an
ldquoindex of transformation from traditional rural 1 economies to modern industrial one rdquo
Its a product of demographic explosion and poverty induced rural-urban migration
This resulted in pressure on urban infrastructure and in an increase in the number of
homeless people living on the streets
As per the 2001 census the total urban homeless population was 7 78599 people
which would be much more currently given the inadequate availability of 2affordable
low-cost housing
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 17
THE DEMAND MODEL METHODOLOGY
The land market is fundamentally described by household choices of location and lot size The outcomes as in all economics arises from the interaction of demand (of household) and supply (of land parcel) Households are characterized by their income and preferences while land supply is characterized by quantity location and lot characteristics Household preferences can be represented by the price each household is willing to pay for each type
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 18
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 19
DEMAND SUPPLY DYNAMICS
bull Short Supply of residential dwellingsbull Supply shortfall existing since post
independencebull In 2005 estimated demand is 2095
million supply is 1897 Millionbull Demand ndash Supply gap is narrowing
bull Low supply of housing for low
income earners
bull As per 11th 5 year plan
- Shortage of 2471 million
dwellings
- Close to 99 of shortage in
EWS amp LIG segment
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 20
BIRTH AND MIGRATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 21
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 22
POPULATION AND HOUSING
PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF ROOMS
OCCUPIED 1961 ndash 2001( in million )
No of Rooms
occupied 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001
One Room 531 50 458 396 351
Two Rooms 247 27 278 304 295
Three Rooms 103 114 122 148 171
Four or more
Rooms 111 114 121 147 159
No Exclusive
rooms 09 02 21 004 23
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
One Room Two Rooms Three
Rooms
Four or
more
Rooms
No
Exclusive
rooms
d
istr
ibut
ion
of h
ouse
hold
s
Approximate 50 of the households has two and three bed room dwelling units
Source Census of India 2001
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 23
Populatio
n
Residents
with
Buying
Power
Populatio
n under 20
Per
Capita
Income
GDP
Growth
Rate
Housing
Shortage
Estimate
1065
billion
300
million
58 $539 8 22 million
India Demographics Housing Shortage
Housing shortage at the beginning of 11th Five
Year Plan (142007)
2471 million
dwelling units
Additional Housing Requirement for the 11th
Plan ( 2007-2012)
182 million dwelling
units
Total housing requirement during 11th Plan
Period including the carried over housing shortage
2653 Million
dwelling units
TOTAL HOUSING SHORTAGE
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 24
CATEGORY VISE HOUSING SHORTAGE
Estimated Urban Housing Unit Shortage as on 142007
More than 99 shortage is for EWSLIG segments
Total 2471 m 10000EWS 2178 m 8814LIG 289 m 1169MIG amp HIG 004 m 016
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 25
28
46
618
Source Annual Report 2006-07 MoHUPA
Slum Population as age of total urban population is given in parenthesis
GROWTH OF SLUMS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 26
The housing requirement for the Rs3-10 Lakh income group is approx206 million units by 2011translating to a market size of Rs3300billion or USD 66 billion
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 27
SUGGESTED PARAMETER FOR HOUSING
EWS LIG MIG
Size 300-600 sq ft carpet area Not exceeding 1200 sq ft
carpet area
Cost Not exceeding 4 times
household gross annual
income
Not exceeding 5 times
household gross annual
income
EMIRent Not exceeding 30 of gross
monthly income
Not exceeding 40 of gross
monthly income
AFFORDABLE HOUSING THE CONCEPT AND ISSUES
Difficult to adopt a lsquoone-size-fits-allrsquo concept
Government should undertake a separate exercise to estimate the number of
households falling under the lsquoaffordable housingrsquo category
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 28
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 29
NCR revealed a number of interesting facts during the household survey carriedout in order to ascertain the affordability of the various income groups at citylevel Table 6 depicts in detail the maximum affordable EMI of households invarious income levels This EMI has been estimated from the annual income ofhousehold and its spending and saving behaviour The maximum EMI has beentranslated into affordable house property value based on an assumed interestrate loan tenure and loan to value ratio The table also shows the capital valuesthat the households will have to pay keeping in view the preferred house size andthe affordable house property value An interesting point that was inferred fromthe survey results was that the income groups of Rs3-5 Lakh and Rs5-6 Lakhpreferred similar sized units for their housing needs Both the income categoriesexpressed the area of their residential units in the range of 700-800 sqftHowever while this allows the lower income group to purchase a property withan average price of Rs2300sqft the same enabled the higher income group ofRs5-6 lakh to opt for properties in the range of Rs2900-3650sqft MeanwhileNCR spanning a larger area with vast land parcels available for residentialdevelopment provides varied location options for the residents of the city tofulfill their housing needs The category of households with income of Rs6 lakhand above can afford residential units in select pockets of the newly developedzones in Gurgaon Noida as well as along NH-2 and NH-24 Though these locationssuit the budget preference of households they are located about 30 kms from theCBD area of Delhi ie Connaught Place For example residential locations inGurgaon and Noida are atleast 30 kms from the CBD Residential locations on NH24 Ghaziabad and NH 2 Faridabad are about 35 kms and 27 kms respectivelyfrom the CBD Meanwhile if households especially those in the income categoryof Rs3-5 Lakh are willing to compromise on unit
IDENTIFYING AFFORDABILITY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35
H
H
H
H
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38
Objectives
bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments
bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government
and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and
ownership considerations
Diversity of affordable
housing
The affordable housingdevelopment provides
bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor
bull apartments
Car parking
Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site
Location of affordable
housing
Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices
PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39
Objectives
Integrating affordable housing
Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site
Suggested responses
INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury
40
Objectives
bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes
PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space
Addressing public space
A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)
Privacy within the development
Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces
Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous
SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41
41
External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users
Carparking and streetpresentation
The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures
Planting
Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development
Territoriality
bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated
bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42
Objectives
bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing
bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing
All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like
External entry areas
Internal entry areas
Livingdining areas
Kitchens
Bathrooms
Hallways
Bedrooms
Storage Area
Clothes Drying
Stairs and lifts( as per
NBC)
Open space
Security Adaptable housing
DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43
Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space
SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY
For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street
FRONT OPEN SPACES
OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44
44
Residential and Commercial Zones
In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of
more in residential and commercial zones the community open
spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as
far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the
use of the community in clusters or pockets
The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the
needs of area of layout population for which the layout is
planned and the category of dwelling units The following
minimum provision shall be made
a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or
b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open
spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons
No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm
the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of
recreational open space
Community open spaces and amenities
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45
Width of Means of Access
The residential plots shall abut
on a public means of access
like street-oad Plots which do
not abut on a streethoad shall
abuthont on a means of access
the width and other
requirements of which shall be
as given in Table 1
In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m
MEANS OF ACCESS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46
In the case of special housing schemes for low income group
and economically weaker section of society developed up to two
storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway
width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The
pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each
side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more
than 50 m
No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails
Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline
MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48
Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively
NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted
2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49
Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster
DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed
Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families
Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51
Life style
Affordability
Social Classification
Life style
SALARY CLASS
BUSINESS CLASS
BOTH WORKING
JOINT FAMILY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52
Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi
Zone ndashF
a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)
LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53
The component method of design provides a broad frame work for
achieving the described life style objectives
HOUSING COMPONENT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 8
OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF STUDY
OBJECTIVES
-Scope of study is to find out the basis for setting parameters of Human Living Standards
-Study will find the habitable size of shelter in combination with AFFORDABILITY with DEMAND
of space To study the basic requirements of shelter eg requirement depending on family size
lifestyle etc
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS
-Scope of study is to find out the basis for setting parameters of Human Living Standards
-Study will find the habitable size of shelter in combination with AFFORDABILITY with DEMAND
of space To study the basic requirements of shelter eg requirement depending on family size
lifestyle etc
-Study the transformation of shelter ie shrinking of area Study the Transformation of Shelter
with respect to the other four elements of Ekistics( Man Network Nature amp Society)
-Study the Norms amp Regulations for a Sustainable Shelter Impact of Urban Lifestyle on shelter
eg DINK concept of Young working couples ie Double Income No Kid
-After effect of this transformation on the user After diagnostic approach interviews amp survey
will bring up design parameters for designing a HABITABLE SHELTER
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 9
First generating a case for the typology known aslsquo Mixed Land uselsquo in Delhi and analyzing the
various factors and forces responsible for the legitimacy of such a planning typology This would
be achieved by the critically analyzing the relevant literature
Second highlight the dismal history of the Master Plan of Delhi over the years and project how
in requisite the tools and strategies of MPD are for sustaining Mixed Land-use in the city
Through critical analysis of the role of MPD citing an example of one such area in the city and
also through drilling discussions with advisors and experts in the field
These case study areas have been selected on the basis of their location representation of all
the socio-economic groups of people and because these are fully developed and occupied
housing schemes under the Delhi Development Authority (DDA) which is the principal planning
agency to plan and regulate development in the city The field surveys included commercial land
use survey parking survey and interviews of residents shop keepers (doing business in
properties converted from residential uses) and customers selected randomly in these
settlements
Third understand the implications on master and land use plan on the introduction of such a
planning typology This would be achieved by analyzing various successful cities that have
managed to sustain this planning typology over the years Fourth highlight the various tools
and strategies required in the current planning system for mixed land use to be successful in
Delhi Concluded from the case studies of the cities done in the previous chapters
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 10
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 11
INTRODUCTION
Dwelling is one of the basic need of human from ancient time till date Demand and
affordability has defined the boundaries of various classes existing in society The measure
guiding factor is affordability as per day to day demands Living styles status or requirements
demand may be anything but affordability makes the things available There is no limit on
demands but affordability puts a stop mark on that
With the raise in scale of construction residential demands scales up to social demands amp
responsibilities towards societies such as open spaces wide streets low rise and high rise
buildings as per density plan and so on Here comes the bye laws which governs this individual
residential construction of buildings in such a way that once all are erected these results into a
good evenly distributed society
Demand
space to
rest and
sleep
plu
s space to
coo
k
plu
s space to
bath
plu
s space fo
r lavatory
plu
s space to
din
e
plu
s leasure sp
ace
plu
s space fo
r parkin
g
plu
s ou
tdo
or leasu
re space
clas
s
But these byelaws may need amendments as
per changing demand and construction
patterns to satisfy the contemporary culture
This study aims all these factors amp tries to
analyse existing laws supporting them and to
highlight those which needs to be changed
For example need of 200thk slab is reduced
to 150 mm thick and similar others
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 12
The real estate world has changed significantly after the global financial meltdown caused
by defaults on sub-prime loans in US India was no exception and the real estate market
witnessed a contraction in both volume and value Real estate developers were gripped
with the liquidity crisis and were forced to change the ways of doing business Downturn
and liquidity crunch forced developers to adopt a two pronged strategy ndash
smaller units at lesser prices
In this study I have attempted to define
Affordable Housing by using three key
parameters viz
bull income level
bull size of dwelling unit and
bull affordability
While I have assessed the demand and supply
constrains I have also highlighted the
initiatives taken by key stakeholders and their
perspective concerns
INDIA ndashGDP GROWTH
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 13
AFFORDABLE HOUSING ndashDEFINITION
Defining Affordable Housing
ldquoAffordabilityrdquo as a concept is very generic and could have different meanings for different
people based on differences in income levels
Affordable housing refers to any housing that meets some form of affordability
criterion
Defining affordable housing in
India is a difficult task given that
at every square kilo-meter of the
country the dynamics of the
market are different
In the United States and
Canada a commonly acceptedguideline for affordable housing isthat the cost of housing should notbe more than 30 percent of ahouseholds gross income
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 14
AFFORDABLE HOUSING VS LOW COST HOUSING
Low-cost housing is generally meant for EWS category and comprises bare minimum housing
facilities while affordable housing is mostly meant for LIG and MIG and includes basic amenities
like schools hospitals and other community facilities and services
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 15
INDICATIVE SIZE amp POTENTIAL IN INDIA
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 16
DEMAND AND SUPPLY CONSTRAINTS
The demand drivers for affordable housing are as below
Urbanization
Rising income levels leading to a sizeable middle class segment Urbanization is an
ldquoindex of transformation from traditional rural 1 economies to modern industrial one rdquo
Its a product of demographic explosion and poverty induced rural-urban migration
This resulted in pressure on urban infrastructure and in an increase in the number of
homeless people living on the streets
As per the 2001 census the total urban homeless population was 7 78599 people
which would be much more currently given the inadequate availability of 2affordable
low-cost housing
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 17
THE DEMAND MODEL METHODOLOGY
The land market is fundamentally described by household choices of location and lot size The outcomes as in all economics arises from the interaction of demand (of household) and supply (of land parcel) Households are characterized by their income and preferences while land supply is characterized by quantity location and lot characteristics Household preferences can be represented by the price each household is willing to pay for each type
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 18
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 19
DEMAND SUPPLY DYNAMICS
bull Short Supply of residential dwellingsbull Supply shortfall existing since post
independencebull In 2005 estimated demand is 2095
million supply is 1897 Millionbull Demand ndash Supply gap is narrowing
bull Low supply of housing for low
income earners
bull As per 11th 5 year plan
- Shortage of 2471 million
dwellings
- Close to 99 of shortage in
EWS amp LIG segment
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 20
BIRTH AND MIGRATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 21
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 22
POPULATION AND HOUSING
PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF ROOMS
OCCUPIED 1961 ndash 2001( in million )
No of Rooms
occupied 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001
One Room 531 50 458 396 351
Two Rooms 247 27 278 304 295
Three Rooms 103 114 122 148 171
Four or more
Rooms 111 114 121 147 159
No Exclusive
rooms 09 02 21 004 23
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
One Room Two Rooms Three
Rooms
Four or
more
Rooms
No
Exclusive
rooms
d
istr
ibut
ion
of h
ouse
hold
s
Approximate 50 of the households has two and three bed room dwelling units
Source Census of India 2001
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 23
Populatio
n
Residents
with
Buying
Power
Populatio
n under 20
Per
Capita
Income
GDP
Growth
Rate
Housing
Shortage
Estimate
1065
billion
300
million
58 $539 8 22 million
India Demographics Housing Shortage
Housing shortage at the beginning of 11th Five
Year Plan (142007)
2471 million
dwelling units
Additional Housing Requirement for the 11th
Plan ( 2007-2012)
182 million dwelling
units
Total housing requirement during 11th Plan
Period including the carried over housing shortage
2653 Million
dwelling units
TOTAL HOUSING SHORTAGE
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 24
CATEGORY VISE HOUSING SHORTAGE
Estimated Urban Housing Unit Shortage as on 142007
More than 99 shortage is for EWSLIG segments
Total 2471 m 10000EWS 2178 m 8814LIG 289 m 1169MIG amp HIG 004 m 016
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 25
28
46
618
Source Annual Report 2006-07 MoHUPA
Slum Population as age of total urban population is given in parenthesis
GROWTH OF SLUMS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 26
The housing requirement for the Rs3-10 Lakh income group is approx206 million units by 2011translating to a market size of Rs3300billion or USD 66 billion
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 27
SUGGESTED PARAMETER FOR HOUSING
EWS LIG MIG
Size 300-600 sq ft carpet area Not exceeding 1200 sq ft
carpet area
Cost Not exceeding 4 times
household gross annual
income
Not exceeding 5 times
household gross annual
income
EMIRent Not exceeding 30 of gross
monthly income
Not exceeding 40 of gross
monthly income
AFFORDABLE HOUSING THE CONCEPT AND ISSUES
Difficult to adopt a lsquoone-size-fits-allrsquo concept
Government should undertake a separate exercise to estimate the number of
households falling under the lsquoaffordable housingrsquo category
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 28
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 29
NCR revealed a number of interesting facts during the household survey carriedout in order to ascertain the affordability of the various income groups at citylevel Table 6 depicts in detail the maximum affordable EMI of households invarious income levels This EMI has been estimated from the annual income ofhousehold and its spending and saving behaviour The maximum EMI has beentranslated into affordable house property value based on an assumed interestrate loan tenure and loan to value ratio The table also shows the capital valuesthat the households will have to pay keeping in view the preferred house size andthe affordable house property value An interesting point that was inferred fromthe survey results was that the income groups of Rs3-5 Lakh and Rs5-6 Lakhpreferred similar sized units for their housing needs Both the income categoriesexpressed the area of their residential units in the range of 700-800 sqftHowever while this allows the lower income group to purchase a property withan average price of Rs2300sqft the same enabled the higher income group ofRs5-6 lakh to opt for properties in the range of Rs2900-3650sqft MeanwhileNCR spanning a larger area with vast land parcels available for residentialdevelopment provides varied location options for the residents of the city tofulfill their housing needs The category of households with income of Rs6 lakhand above can afford residential units in select pockets of the newly developedzones in Gurgaon Noida as well as along NH-2 and NH-24 Though these locationssuit the budget preference of households they are located about 30 kms from theCBD area of Delhi ie Connaught Place For example residential locations inGurgaon and Noida are atleast 30 kms from the CBD Residential locations on NH24 Ghaziabad and NH 2 Faridabad are about 35 kms and 27 kms respectivelyfrom the CBD Meanwhile if households especially those in the income categoryof Rs3-5 Lakh are willing to compromise on unit
IDENTIFYING AFFORDABILITY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35
H
H
H
H
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38
Objectives
bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments
bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government
and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and
ownership considerations
Diversity of affordable
housing
The affordable housingdevelopment provides
bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor
bull apartments
Car parking
Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site
Location of affordable
housing
Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices
PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39
Objectives
Integrating affordable housing
Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site
Suggested responses
INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury
40
Objectives
bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes
PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space
Addressing public space
A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)
Privacy within the development
Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces
Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous
SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41
41
External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users
Carparking and streetpresentation
The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures
Planting
Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development
Territoriality
bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated
bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42
Objectives
bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing
bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing
All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like
External entry areas
Internal entry areas
Livingdining areas
Kitchens
Bathrooms
Hallways
Bedrooms
Storage Area
Clothes Drying
Stairs and lifts( as per
NBC)
Open space
Security Adaptable housing
DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43
Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space
SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY
For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street
FRONT OPEN SPACES
OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44
44
Residential and Commercial Zones
In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of
more in residential and commercial zones the community open
spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as
far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the
use of the community in clusters or pockets
The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the
needs of area of layout population for which the layout is
planned and the category of dwelling units The following
minimum provision shall be made
a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or
b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open
spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons
No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm
the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of
recreational open space
Community open spaces and amenities
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45
Width of Means of Access
The residential plots shall abut
on a public means of access
like street-oad Plots which do
not abut on a streethoad shall
abuthont on a means of access
the width and other
requirements of which shall be
as given in Table 1
In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m
MEANS OF ACCESS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46
In the case of special housing schemes for low income group
and economically weaker section of society developed up to two
storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway
width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The
pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each
side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more
than 50 m
No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails
Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline
MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48
Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively
NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted
2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49
Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster
DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed
Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families
Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51
Life style
Affordability
Social Classification
Life style
SALARY CLASS
BUSINESS CLASS
BOTH WORKING
JOINT FAMILY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52
Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi
Zone ndashF
a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)
LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53
The component method of design provides a broad frame work for
achieving the described life style objectives
HOUSING COMPONENT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 9
First generating a case for the typology known aslsquo Mixed Land uselsquo in Delhi and analyzing the
various factors and forces responsible for the legitimacy of such a planning typology This would
be achieved by the critically analyzing the relevant literature
Second highlight the dismal history of the Master Plan of Delhi over the years and project how
in requisite the tools and strategies of MPD are for sustaining Mixed Land-use in the city
Through critical analysis of the role of MPD citing an example of one such area in the city and
also through drilling discussions with advisors and experts in the field
These case study areas have been selected on the basis of their location representation of all
the socio-economic groups of people and because these are fully developed and occupied
housing schemes under the Delhi Development Authority (DDA) which is the principal planning
agency to plan and regulate development in the city The field surveys included commercial land
use survey parking survey and interviews of residents shop keepers (doing business in
properties converted from residential uses) and customers selected randomly in these
settlements
Third understand the implications on master and land use plan on the introduction of such a
planning typology This would be achieved by analyzing various successful cities that have
managed to sustain this planning typology over the years Fourth highlight the various tools
and strategies required in the current planning system for mixed land use to be successful in
Delhi Concluded from the case studies of the cities done in the previous chapters
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 10
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 11
INTRODUCTION
Dwelling is one of the basic need of human from ancient time till date Demand and
affordability has defined the boundaries of various classes existing in society The measure
guiding factor is affordability as per day to day demands Living styles status or requirements
demand may be anything but affordability makes the things available There is no limit on
demands but affordability puts a stop mark on that
With the raise in scale of construction residential demands scales up to social demands amp
responsibilities towards societies such as open spaces wide streets low rise and high rise
buildings as per density plan and so on Here comes the bye laws which governs this individual
residential construction of buildings in such a way that once all are erected these results into a
good evenly distributed society
Demand
space to
rest and
sleep
plu
s space to
coo
k
plu
s space to
bath
plu
s space fo
r lavatory
plu
s space to
din
e
plu
s leasure sp
ace
plu
s space fo
r parkin
g
plu
s ou
tdo
or leasu
re space
clas
s
But these byelaws may need amendments as
per changing demand and construction
patterns to satisfy the contemporary culture
This study aims all these factors amp tries to
analyse existing laws supporting them and to
highlight those which needs to be changed
For example need of 200thk slab is reduced
to 150 mm thick and similar others
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 12
The real estate world has changed significantly after the global financial meltdown caused
by defaults on sub-prime loans in US India was no exception and the real estate market
witnessed a contraction in both volume and value Real estate developers were gripped
with the liquidity crisis and were forced to change the ways of doing business Downturn
and liquidity crunch forced developers to adopt a two pronged strategy ndash
smaller units at lesser prices
In this study I have attempted to define
Affordable Housing by using three key
parameters viz
bull income level
bull size of dwelling unit and
bull affordability
While I have assessed the demand and supply
constrains I have also highlighted the
initiatives taken by key stakeholders and their
perspective concerns
INDIA ndashGDP GROWTH
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 13
AFFORDABLE HOUSING ndashDEFINITION
Defining Affordable Housing
ldquoAffordabilityrdquo as a concept is very generic and could have different meanings for different
people based on differences in income levels
Affordable housing refers to any housing that meets some form of affordability
criterion
Defining affordable housing in
India is a difficult task given that
at every square kilo-meter of the
country the dynamics of the
market are different
In the United States and
Canada a commonly acceptedguideline for affordable housing isthat the cost of housing should notbe more than 30 percent of ahouseholds gross income
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 14
AFFORDABLE HOUSING VS LOW COST HOUSING
Low-cost housing is generally meant for EWS category and comprises bare minimum housing
facilities while affordable housing is mostly meant for LIG and MIG and includes basic amenities
like schools hospitals and other community facilities and services
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 15
INDICATIVE SIZE amp POTENTIAL IN INDIA
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 16
DEMAND AND SUPPLY CONSTRAINTS
The demand drivers for affordable housing are as below
Urbanization
Rising income levels leading to a sizeable middle class segment Urbanization is an
ldquoindex of transformation from traditional rural 1 economies to modern industrial one rdquo
Its a product of demographic explosion and poverty induced rural-urban migration
This resulted in pressure on urban infrastructure and in an increase in the number of
homeless people living on the streets
As per the 2001 census the total urban homeless population was 7 78599 people
which would be much more currently given the inadequate availability of 2affordable
low-cost housing
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 17
THE DEMAND MODEL METHODOLOGY
The land market is fundamentally described by household choices of location and lot size The outcomes as in all economics arises from the interaction of demand (of household) and supply (of land parcel) Households are characterized by their income and preferences while land supply is characterized by quantity location and lot characteristics Household preferences can be represented by the price each household is willing to pay for each type
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 18
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 19
DEMAND SUPPLY DYNAMICS
bull Short Supply of residential dwellingsbull Supply shortfall existing since post
independencebull In 2005 estimated demand is 2095
million supply is 1897 Millionbull Demand ndash Supply gap is narrowing
bull Low supply of housing for low
income earners
bull As per 11th 5 year plan
- Shortage of 2471 million
dwellings
- Close to 99 of shortage in
EWS amp LIG segment
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 20
BIRTH AND MIGRATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 21
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 22
POPULATION AND HOUSING
PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF ROOMS
OCCUPIED 1961 ndash 2001( in million )
No of Rooms
occupied 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001
One Room 531 50 458 396 351
Two Rooms 247 27 278 304 295
Three Rooms 103 114 122 148 171
Four or more
Rooms 111 114 121 147 159
No Exclusive
rooms 09 02 21 004 23
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
One Room Two Rooms Three
Rooms
Four or
more
Rooms
No
Exclusive
rooms
d
istr
ibut
ion
of h
ouse
hold
s
Approximate 50 of the households has two and three bed room dwelling units
Source Census of India 2001
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 23
Populatio
n
Residents
with
Buying
Power
Populatio
n under 20
Per
Capita
Income
GDP
Growth
Rate
Housing
Shortage
Estimate
1065
billion
300
million
58 $539 8 22 million
India Demographics Housing Shortage
Housing shortage at the beginning of 11th Five
Year Plan (142007)
2471 million
dwelling units
Additional Housing Requirement for the 11th
Plan ( 2007-2012)
182 million dwelling
units
Total housing requirement during 11th Plan
Period including the carried over housing shortage
2653 Million
dwelling units
TOTAL HOUSING SHORTAGE
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 24
CATEGORY VISE HOUSING SHORTAGE
Estimated Urban Housing Unit Shortage as on 142007
More than 99 shortage is for EWSLIG segments
Total 2471 m 10000EWS 2178 m 8814LIG 289 m 1169MIG amp HIG 004 m 016
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 25
28
46
618
Source Annual Report 2006-07 MoHUPA
Slum Population as age of total urban population is given in parenthesis
GROWTH OF SLUMS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 26
The housing requirement for the Rs3-10 Lakh income group is approx206 million units by 2011translating to a market size of Rs3300billion or USD 66 billion
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 27
SUGGESTED PARAMETER FOR HOUSING
EWS LIG MIG
Size 300-600 sq ft carpet area Not exceeding 1200 sq ft
carpet area
Cost Not exceeding 4 times
household gross annual
income
Not exceeding 5 times
household gross annual
income
EMIRent Not exceeding 30 of gross
monthly income
Not exceeding 40 of gross
monthly income
AFFORDABLE HOUSING THE CONCEPT AND ISSUES
Difficult to adopt a lsquoone-size-fits-allrsquo concept
Government should undertake a separate exercise to estimate the number of
households falling under the lsquoaffordable housingrsquo category
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 28
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 29
NCR revealed a number of interesting facts during the household survey carriedout in order to ascertain the affordability of the various income groups at citylevel Table 6 depicts in detail the maximum affordable EMI of households invarious income levels This EMI has been estimated from the annual income ofhousehold and its spending and saving behaviour The maximum EMI has beentranslated into affordable house property value based on an assumed interestrate loan tenure and loan to value ratio The table also shows the capital valuesthat the households will have to pay keeping in view the preferred house size andthe affordable house property value An interesting point that was inferred fromthe survey results was that the income groups of Rs3-5 Lakh and Rs5-6 Lakhpreferred similar sized units for their housing needs Both the income categoriesexpressed the area of their residential units in the range of 700-800 sqftHowever while this allows the lower income group to purchase a property withan average price of Rs2300sqft the same enabled the higher income group ofRs5-6 lakh to opt for properties in the range of Rs2900-3650sqft MeanwhileNCR spanning a larger area with vast land parcels available for residentialdevelopment provides varied location options for the residents of the city tofulfill their housing needs The category of households with income of Rs6 lakhand above can afford residential units in select pockets of the newly developedzones in Gurgaon Noida as well as along NH-2 and NH-24 Though these locationssuit the budget preference of households they are located about 30 kms from theCBD area of Delhi ie Connaught Place For example residential locations inGurgaon and Noida are atleast 30 kms from the CBD Residential locations on NH24 Ghaziabad and NH 2 Faridabad are about 35 kms and 27 kms respectivelyfrom the CBD Meanwhile if households especially those in the income categoryof Rs3-5 Lakh are willing to compromise on unit
IDENTIFYING AFFORDABILITY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35
H
H
H
H
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38
Objectives
bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments
bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government
and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and
ownership considerations
Diversity of affordable
housing
The affordable housingdevelopment provides
bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor
bull apartments
Car parking
Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site
Location of affordable
housing
Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices
PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39
Objectives
Integrating affordable housing
Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site
Suggested responses
INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury
40
Objectives
bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes
PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space
Addressing public space
A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)
Privacy within the development
Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces
Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous
SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41
41
External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users
Carparking and streetpresentation
The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures
Planting
Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development
Territoriality
bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated
bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42
Objectives
bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing
bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing
All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like
External entry areas
Internal entry areas
Livingdining areas
Kitchens
Bathrooms
Hallways
Bedrooms
Storage Area
Clothes Drying
Stairs and lifts( as per
NBC)
Open space
Security Adaptable housing
DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43
Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space
SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY
For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street
FRONT OPEN SPACES
OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44
44
Residential and Commercial Zones
In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of
more in residential and commercial zones the community open
spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as
far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the
use of the community in clusters or pockets
The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the
needs of area of layout population for which the layout is
planned and the category of dwelling units The following
minimum provision shall be made
a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or
b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open
spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons
No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm
the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of
recreational open space
Community open spaces and amenities
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45
Width of Means of Access
The residential plots shall abut
on a public means of access
like street-oad Plots which do
not abut on a streethoad shall
abuthont on a means of access
the width and other
requirements of which shall be
as given in Table 1
In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m
MEANS OF ACCESS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46
In the case of special housing schemes for low income group
and economically weaker section of society developed up to two
storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway
width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The
pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each
side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more
than 50 m
No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails
Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline
MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48
Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively
NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted
2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49
Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster
DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed
Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families
Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51
Life style
Affordability
Social Classification
Life style
SALARY CLASS
BUSINESS CLASS
BOTH WORKING
JOINT FAMILY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52
Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi
Zone ndashF
a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)
LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53
The component method of design provides a broad frame work for
achieving the described life style objectives
HOUSING COMPONENT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 10
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 11
INTRODUCTION
Dwelling is one of the basic need of human from ancient time till date Demand and
affordability has defined the boundaries of various classes existing in society The measure
guiding factor is affordability as per day to day demands Living styles status or requirements
demand may be anything but affordability makes the things available There is no limit on
demands but affordability puts a stop mark on that
With the raise in scale of construction residential demands scales up to social demands amp
responsibilities towards societies such as open spaces wide streets low rise and high rise
buildings as per density plan and so on Here comes the bye laws which governs this individual
residential construction of buildings in such a way that once all are erected these results into a
good evenly distributed society
Demand
space to
rest and
sleep
plu
s space to
coo
k
plu
s space to
bath
plu
s space fo
r lavatory
plu
s space to
din
e
plu
s leasure sp
ace
plu
s space fo
r parkin
g
plu
s ou
tdo
or leasu
re space
clas
s
But these byelaws may need amendments as
per changing demand and construction
patterns to satisfy the contemporary culture
This study aims all these factors amp tries to
analyse existing laws supporting them and to
highlight those which needs to be changed
For example need of 200thk slab is reduced
to 150 mm thick and similar others
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 12
The real estate world has changed significantly after the global financial meltdown caused
by defaults on sub-prime loans in US India was no exception and the real estate market
witnessed a contraction in both volume and value Real estate developers were gripped
with the liquidity crisis and were forced to change the ways of doing business Downturn
and liquidity crunch forced developers to adopt a two pronged strategy ndash
smaller units at lesser prices
In this study I have attempted to define
Affordable Housing by using three key
parameters viz
bull income level
bull size of dwelling unit and
bull affordability
While I have assessed the demand and supply
constrains I have also highlighted the
initiatives taken by key stakeholders and their
perspective concerns
INDIA ndashGDP GROWTH
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 13
AFFORDABLE HOUSING ndashDEFINITION
Defining Affordable Housing
ldquoAffordabilityrdquo as a concept is very generic and could have different meanings for different
people based on differences in income levels
Affordable housing refers to any housing that meets some form of affordability
criterion
Defining affordable housing in
India is a difficult task given that
at every square kilo-meter of the
country the dynamics of the
market are different
In the United States and
Canada a commonly acceptedguideline for affordable housing isthat the cost of housing should notbe more than 30 percent of ahouseholds gross income
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 14
AFFORDABLE HOUSING VS LOW COST HOUSING
Low-cost housing is generally meant for EWS category and comprises bare minimum housing
facilities while affordable housing is mostly meant for LIG and MIG and includes basic amenities
like schools hospitals and other community facilities and services
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 15
INDICATIVE SIZE amp POTENTIAL IN INDIA
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 16
DEMAND AND SUPPLY CONSTRAINTS
The demand drivers for affordable housing are as below
Urbanization
Rising income levels leading to a sizeable middle class segment Urbanization is an
ldquoindex of transformation from traditional rural 1 economies to modern industrial one rdquo
Its a product of demographic explosion and poverty induced rural-urban migration
This resulted in pressure on urban infrastructure and in an increase in the number of
homeless people living on the streets
As per the 2001 census the total urban homeless population was 7 78599 people
which would be much more currently given the inadequate availability of 2affordable
low-cost housing
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 17
THE DEMAND MODEL METHODOLOGY
The land market is fundamentally described by household choices of location and lot size The outcomes as in all economics arises from the interaction of demand (of household) and supply (of land parcel) Households are characterized by their income and preferences while land supply is characterized by quantity location and lot characteristics Household preferences can be represented by the price each household is willing to pay for each type
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 18
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 19
DEMAND SUPPLY DYNAMICS
bull Short Supply of residential dwellingsbull Supply shortfall existing since post
independencebull In 2005 estimated demand is 2095
million supply is 1897 Millionbull Demand ndash Supply gap is narrowing
bull Low supply of housing for low
income earners
bull As per 11th 5 year plan
- Shortage of 2471 million
dwellings
- Close to 99 of shortage in
EWS amp LIG segment
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 20
BIRTH AND MIGRATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 21
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 22
POPULATION AND HOUSING
PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF ROOMS
OCCUPIED 1961 ndash 2001( in million )
No of Rooms
occupied 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001
One Room 531 50 458 396 351
Two Rooms 247 27 278 304 295
Three Rooms 103 114 122 148 171
Four or more
Rooms 111 114 121 147 159
No Exclusive
rooms 09 02 21 004 23
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
One Room Two Rooms Three
Rooms
Four or
more
Rooms
No
Exclusive
rooms
d
istr
ibut
ion
of h
ouse
hold
s
Approximate 50 of the households has two and three bed room dwelling units
Source Census of India 2001
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 23
Populatio
n
Residents
with
Buying
Power
Populatio
n under 20
Per
Capita
Income
GDP
Growth
Rate
Housing
Shortage
Estimate
1065
billion
300
million
58 $539 8 22 million
India Demographics Housing Shortage
Housing shortage at the beginning of 11th Five
Year Plan (142007)
2471 million
dwelling units
Additional Housing Requirement for the 11th
Plan ( 2007-2012)
182 million dwelling
units
Total housing requirement during 11th Plan
Period including the carried over housing shortage
2653 Million
dwelling units
TOTAL HOUSING SHORTAGE
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 24
CATEGORY VISE HOUSING SHORTAGE
Estimated Urban Housing Unit Shortage as on 142007
More than 99 shortage is for EWSLIG segments
Total 2471 m 10000EWS 2178 m 8814LIG 289 m 1169MIG amp HIG 004 m 016
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 25
28
46
618
Source Annual Report 2006-07 MoHUPA
Slum Population as age of total urban population is given in parenthesis
GROWTH OF SLUMS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 26
The housing requirement for the Rs3-10 Lakh income group is approx206 million units by 2011translating to a market size of Rs3300billion or USD 66 billion
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 27
SUGGESTED PARAMETER FOR HOUSING
EWS LIG MIG
Size 300-600 sq ft carpet area Not exceeding 1200 sq ft
carpet area
Cost Not exceeding 4 times
household gross annual
income
Not exceeding 5 times
household gross annual
income
EMIRent Not exceeding 30 of gross
monthly income
Not exceeding 40 of gross
monthly income
AFFORDABLE HOUSING THE CONCEPT AND ISSUES
Difficult to adopt a lsquoone-size-fits-allrsquo concept
Government should undertake a separate exercise to estimate the number of
households falling under the lsquoaffordable housingrsquo category
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 28
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 29
NCR revealed a number of interesting facts during the household survey carriedout in order to ascertain the affordability of the various income groups at citylevel Table 6 depicts in detail the maximum affordable EMI of households invarious income levels This EMI has been estimated from the annual income ofhousehold and its spending and saving behaviour The maximum EMI has beentranslated into affordable house property value based on an assumed interestrate loan tenure and loan to value ratio The table also shows the capital valuesthat the households will have to pay keeping in view the preferred house size andthe affordable house property value An interesting point that was inferred fromthe survey results was that the income groups of Rs3-5 Lakh and Rs5-6 Lakhpreferred similar sized units for their housing needs Both the income categoriesexpressed the area of their residential units in the range of 700-800 sqftHowever while this allows the lower income group to purchase a property withan average price of Rs2300sqft the same enabled the higher income group ofRs5-6 lakh to opt for properties in the range of Rs2900-3650sqft MeanwhileNCR spanning a larger area with vast land parcels available for residentialdevelopment provides varied location options for the residents of the city tofulfill their housing needs The category of households with income of Rs6 lakhand above can afford residential units in select pockets of the newly developedzones in Gurgaon Noida as well as along NH-2 and NH-24 Though these locationssuit the budget preference of households they are located about 30 kms from theCBD area of Delhi ie Connaught Place For example residential locations inGurgaon and Noida are atleast 30 kms from the CBD Residential locations on NH24 Ghaziabad and NH 2 Faridabad are about 35 kms and 27 kms respectivelyfrom the CBD Meanwhile if households especially those in the income categoryof Rs3-5 Lakh are willing to compromise on unit
IDENTIFYING AFFORDABILITY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35
H
H
H
H
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38
Objectives
bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments
bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government
and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and
ownership considerations
Diversity of affordable
housing
The affordable housingdevelopment provides
bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor
bull apartments
Car parking
Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site
Location of affordable
housing
Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices
PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39
Objectives
Integrating affordable housing
Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site
Suggested responses
INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury
40
Objectives
bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes
PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space
Addressing public space
A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)
Privacy within the development
Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces
Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous
SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41
41
External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users
Carparking and streetpresentation
The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures
Planting
Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development
Territoriality
bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated
bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42
Objectives
bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing
bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing
All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like
External entry areas
Internal entry areas
Livingdining areas
Kitchens
Bathrooms
Hallways
Bedrooms
Storage Area
Clothes Drying
Stairs and lifts( as per
NBC)
Open space
Security Adaptable housing
DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43
Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space
SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY
For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street
FRONT OPEN SPACES
OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44
44
Residential and Commercial Zones
In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of
more in residential and commercial zones the community open
spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as
far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the
use of the community in clusters or pockets
The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the
needs of area of layout population for which the layout is
planned and the category of dwelling units The following
minimum provision shall be made
a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or
b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open
spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons
No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm
the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of
recreational open space
Community open spaces and amenities
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45
Width of Means of Access
The residential plots shall abut
on a public means of access
like street-oad Plots which do
not abut on a streethoad shall
abuthont on a means of access
the width and other
requirements of which shall be
as given in Table 1
In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m
MEANS OF ACCESS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46
In the case of special housing schemes for low income group
and economically weaker section of society developed up to two
storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway
width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The
pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each
side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more
than 50 m
No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails
Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline
MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48
Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively
NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted
2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49
Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster
DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed
Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families
Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51
Life style
Affordability
Social Classification
Life style
SALARY CLASS
BUSINESS CLASS
BOTH WORKING
JOINT FAMILY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52
Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi
Zone ndashF
a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)
LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53
The component method of design provides a broad frame work for
achieving the described life style objectives
HOUSING COMPONENT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 11
INTRODUCTION
Dwelling is one of the basic need of human from ancient time till date Demand and
affordability has defined the boundaries of various classes existing in society The measure
guiding factor is affordability as per day to day demands Living styles status or requirements
demand may be anything but affordability makes the things available There is no limit on
demands but affordability puts a stop mark on that
With the raise in scale of construction residential demands scales up to social demands amp
responsibilities towards societies such as open spaces wide streets low rise and high rise
buildings as per density plan and so on Here comes the bye laws which governs this individual
residential construction of buildings in such a way that once all are erected these results into a
good evenly distributed society
Demand
space to
rest and
sleep
plu
s space to
coo
k
plu
s space to
bath
plu
s space fo
r lavatory
plu
s space to
din
e
plu
s leasure sp
ace
plu
s space fo
r parkin
g
plu
s ou
tdo
or leasu
re space
clas
s
But these byelaws may need amendments as
per changing demand and construction
patterns to satisfy the contemporary culture
This study aims all these factors amp tries to
analyse existing laws supporting them and to
highlight those which needs to be changed
For example need of 200thk slab is reduced
to 150 mm thick and similar others
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 12
The real estate world has changed significantly after the global financial meltdown caused
by defaults on sub-prime loans in US India was no exception and the real estate market
witnessed a contraction in both volume and value Real estate developers were gripped
with the liquidity crisis and were forced to change the ways of doing business Downturn
and liquidity crunch forced developers to adopt a two pronged strategy ndash
smaller units at lesser prices
In this study I have attempted to define
Affordable Housing by using three key
parameters viz
bull income level
bull size of dwelling unit and
bull affordability
While I have assessed the demand and supply
constrains I have also highlighted the
initiatives taken by key stakeholders and their
perspective concerns
INDIA ndashGDP GROWTH
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 13
AFFORDABLE HOUSING ndashDEFINITION
Defining Affordable Housing
ldquoAffordabilityrdquo as a concept is very generic and could have different meanings for different
people based on differences in income levels
Affordable housing refers to any housing that meets some form of affordability
criterion
Defining affordable housing in
India is a difficult task given that
at every square kilo-meter of the
country the dynamics of the
market are different
In the United States and
Canada a commonly acceptedguideline for affordable housing isthat the cost of housing should notbe more than 30 percent of ahouseholds gross income
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 14
AFFORDABLE HOUSING VS LOW COST HOUSING
Low-cost housing is generally meant for EWS category and comprises bare minimum housing
facilities while affordable housing is mostly meant for LIG and MIG and includes basic amenities
like schools hospitals and other community facilities and services
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 15
INDICATIVE SIZE amp POTENTIAL IN INDIA
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 16
DEMAND AND SUPPLY CONSTRAINTS
The demand drivers for affordable housing are as below
Urbanization
Rising income levels leading to a sizeable middle class segment Urbanization is an
ldquoindex of transformation from traditional rural 1 economies to modern industrial one rdquo
Its a product of demographic explosion and poverty induced rural-urban migration
This resulted in pressure on urban infrastructure and in an increase in the number of
homeless people living on the streets
As per the 2001 census the total urban homeless population was 7 78599 people
which would be much more currently given the inadequate availability of 2affordable
low-cost housing
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 17
THE DEMAND MODEL METHODOLOGY
The land market is fundamentally described by household choices of location and lot size The outcomes as in all economics arises from the interaction of demand (of household) and supply (of land parcel) Households are characterized by their income and preferences while land supply is characterized by quantity location and lot characteristics Household preferences can be represented by the price each household is willing to pay for each type
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 18
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 19
DEMAND SUPPLY DYNAMICS
bull Short Supply of residential dwellingsbull Supply shortfall existing since post
independencebull In 2005 estimated demand is 2095
million supply is 1897 Millionbull Demand ndash Supply gap is narrowing
bull Low supply of housing for low
income earners
bull As per 11th 5 year plan
- Shortage of 2471 million
dwellings
- Close to 99 of shortage in
EWS amp LIG segment
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 20
BIRTH AND MIGRATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 21
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 22
POPULATION AND HOUSING
PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF ROOMS
OCCUPIED 1961 ndash 2001( in million )
No of Rooms
occupied 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001
One Room 531 50 458 396 351
Two Rooms 247 27 278 304 295
Three Rooms 103 114 122 148 171
Four or more
Rooms 111 114 121 147 159
No Exclusive
rooms 09 02 21 004 23
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
One Room Two Rooms Three
Rooms
Four or
more
Rooms
No
Exclusive
rooms
d
istr
ibut
ion
of h
ouse
hold
s
Approximate 50 of the households has two and three bed room dwelling units
Source Census of India 2001
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 23
Populatio
n
Residents
with
Buying
Power
Populatio
n under 20
Per
Capita
Income
GDP
Growth
Rate
Housing
Shortage
Estimate
1065
billion
300
million
58 $539 8 22 million
India Demographics Housing Shortage
Housing shortage at the beginning of 11th Five
Year Plan (142007)
2471 million
dwelling units
Additional Housing Requirement for the 11th
Plan ( 2007-2012)
182 million dwelling
units
Total housing requirement during 11th Plan
Period including the carried over housing shortage
2653 Million
dwelling units
TOTAL HOUSING SHORTAGE
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 24
CATEGORY VISE HOUSING SHORTAGE
Estimated Urban Housing Unit Shortage as on 142007
More than 99 shortage is for EWSLIG segments
Total 2471 m 10000EWS 2178 m 8814LIG 289 m 1169MIG amp HIG 004 m 016
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 25
28
46
618
Source Annual Report 2006-07 MoHUPA
Slum Population as age of total urban population is given in parenthesis
GROWTH OF SLUMS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 26
The housing requirement for the Rs3-10 Lakh income group is approx206 million units by 2011translating to a market size of Rs3300billion or USD 66 billion
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 27
SUGGESTED PARAMETER FOR HOUSING
EWS LIG MIG
Size 300-600 sq ft carpet area Not exceeding 1200 sq ft
carpet area
Cost Not exceeding 4 times
household gross annual
income
Not exceeding 5 times
household gross annual
income
EMIRent Not exceeding 30 of gross
monthly income
Not exceeding 40 of gross
monthly income
AFFORDABLE HOUSING THE CONCEPT AND ISSUES
Difficult to adopt a lsquoone-size-fits-allrsquo concept
Government should undertake a separate exercise to estimate the number of
households falling under the lsquoaffordable housingrsquo category
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 28
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 29
NCR revealed a number of interesting facts during the household survey carriedout in order to ascertain the affordability of the various income groups at citylevel Table 6 depicts in detail the maximum affordable EMI of households invarious income levels This EMI has been estimated from the annual income ofhousehold and its spending and saving behaviour The maximum EMI has beentranslated into affordable house property value based on an assumed interestrate loan tenure and loan to value ratio The table also shows the capital valuesthat the households will have to pay keeping in view the preferred house size andthe affordable house property value An interesting point that was inferred fromthe survey results was that the income groups of Rs3-5 Lakh and Rs5-6 Lakhpreferred similar sized units for their housing needs Both the income categoriesexpressed the area of their residential units in the range of 700-800 sqftHowever while this allows the lower income group to purchase a property withan average price of Rs2300sqft the same enabled the higher income group ofRs5-6 lakh to opt for properties in the range of Rs2900-3650sqft MeanwhileNCR spanning a larger area with vast land parcels available for residentialdevelopment provides varied location options for the residents of the city tofulfill their housing needs The category of households with income of Rs6 lakhand above can afford residential units in select pockets of the newly developedzones in Gurgaon Noida as well as along NH-2 and NH-24 Though these locationssuit the budget preference of households they are located about 30 kms from theCBD area of Delhi ie Connaught Place For example residential locations inGurgaon and Noida are atleast 30 kms from the CBD Residential locations on NH24 Ghaziabad and NH 2 Faridabad are about 35 kms and 27 kms respectivelyfrom the CBD Meanwhile if households especially those in the income categoryof Rs3-5 Lakh are willing to compromise on unit
IDENTIFYING AFFORDABILITY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35
H
H
H
H
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38
Objectives
bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments
bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government
and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and
ownership considerations
Diversity of affordable
housing
The affordable housingdevelopment provides
bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor
bull apartments
Car parking
Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site
Location of affordable
housing
Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices
PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39
Objectives
Integrating affordable housing
Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site
Suggested responses
INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury
40
Objectives
bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes
PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space
Addressing public space
A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)
Privacy within the development
Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces
Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous
SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41
41
External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users
Carparking and streetpresentation
The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures
Planting
Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development
Territoriality
bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated
bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42
Objectives
bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing
bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing
All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like
External entry areas
Internal entry areas
Livingdining areas
Kitchens
Bathrooms
Hallways
Bedrooms
Storage Area
Clothes Drying
Stairs and lifts( as per
NBC)
Open space
Security Adaptable housing
DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43
Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space
SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY
For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street
FRONT OPEN SPACES
OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44
44
Residential and Commercial Zones
In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of
more in residential and commercial zones the community open
spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as
far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the
use of the community in clusters or pockets
The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the
needs of area of layout population for which the layout is
planned and the category of dwelling units The following
minimum provision shall be made
a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or
b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open
spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons
No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm
the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of
recreational open space
Community open spaces and amenities
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45
Width of Means of Access
The residential plots shall abut
on a public means of access
like street-oad Plots which do
not abut on a streethoad shall
abuthont on a means of access
the width and other
requirements of which shall be
as given in Table 1
In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m
MEANS OF ACCESS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46
In the case of special housing schemes for low income group
and economically weaker section of society developed up to two
storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway
width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The
pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each
side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more
than 50 m
No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails
Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline
MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48
Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively
NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted
2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49
Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster
DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed
Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families
Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51
Life style
Affordability
Social Classification
Life style
SALARY CLASS
BUSINESS CLASS
BOTH WORKING
JOINT FAMILY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52
Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi
Zone ndashF
a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)
LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53
The component method of design provides a broad frame work for
achieving the described life style objectives
HOUSING COMPONENT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 12
The real estate world has changed significantly after the global financial meltdown caused
by defaults on sub-prime loans in US India was no exception and the real estate market
witnessed a contraction in both volume and value Real estate developers were gripped
with the liquidity crisis and were forced to change the ways of doing business Downturn
and liquidity crunch forced developers to adopt a two pronged strategy ndash
smaller units at lesser prices
In this study I have attempted to define
Affordable Housing by using three key
parameters viz
bull income level
bull size of dwelling unit and
bull affordability
While I have assessed the demand and supply
constrains I have also highlighted the
initiatives taken by key stakeholders and their
perspective concerns
INDIA ndashGDP GROWTH
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 13
AFFORDABLE HOUSING ndashDEFINITION
Defining Affordable Housing
ldquoAffordabilityrdquo as a concept is very generic and could have different meanings for different
people based on differences in income levels
Affordable housing refers to any housing that meets some form of affordability
criterion
Defining affordable housing in
India is a difficult task given that
at every square kilo-meter of the
country the dynamics of the
market are different
In the United States and
Canada a commonly acceptedguideline for affordable housing isthat the cost of housing should notbe more than 30 percent of ahouseholds gross income
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 14
AFFORDABLE HOUSING VS LOW COST HOUSING
Low-cost housing is generally meant for EWS category and comprises bare minimum housing
facilities while affordable housing is mostly meant for LIG and MIG and includes basic amenities
like schools hospitals and other community facilities and services
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 15
INDICATIVE SIZE amp POTENTIAL IN INDIA
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 16
DEMAND AND SUPPLY CONSTRAINTS
The demand drivers for affordable housing are as below
Urbanization
Rising income levels leading to a sizeable middle class segment Urbanization is an
ldquoindex of transformation from traditional rural 1 economies to modern industrial one rdquo
Its a product of demographic explosion and poverty induced rural-urban migration
This resulted in pressure on urban infrastructure and in an increase in the number of
homeless people living on the streets
As per the 2001 census the total urban homeless population was 7 78599 people
which would be much more currently given the inadequate availability of 2affordable
low-cost housing
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 17
THE DEMAND MODEL METHODOLOGY
The land market is fundamentally described by household choices of location and lot size The outcomes as in all economics arises from the interaction of demand (of household) and supply (of land parcel) Households are characterized by their income and preferences while land supply is characterized by quantity location and lot characteristics Household preferences can be represented by the price each household is willing to pay for each type
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 18
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 19
DEMAND SUPPLY DYNAMICS
bull Short Supply of residential dwellingsbull Supply shortfall existing since post
independencebull In 2005 estimated demand is 2095
million supply is 1897 Millionbull Demand ndash Supply gap is narrowing
bull Low supply of housing for low
income earners
bull As per 11th 5 year plan
- Shortage of 2471 million
dwellings
- Close to 99 of shortage in
EWS amp LIG segment
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 20
BIRTH AND MIGRATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 21
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 22
POPULATION AND HOUSING
PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF ROOMS
OCCUPIED 1961 ndash 2001( in million )
No of Rooms
occupied 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001
One Room 531 50 458 396 351
Two Rooms 247 27 278 304 295
Three Rooms 103 114 122 148 171
Four or more
Rooms 111 114 121 147 159
No Exclusive
rooms 09 02 21 004 23
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
One Room Two Rooms Three
Rooms
Four or
more
Rooms
No
Exclusive
rooms
d
istr
ibut
ion
of h
ouse
hold
s
Approximate 50 of the households has two and three bed room dwelling units
Source Census of India 2001
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 23
Populatio
n
Residents
with
Buying
Power
Populatio
n under 20
Per
Capita
Income
GDP
Growth
Rate
Housing
Shortage
Estimate
1065
billion
300
million
58 $539 8 22 million
India Demographics Housing Shortage
Housing shortage at the beginning of 11th Five
Year Plan (142007)
2471 million
dwelling units
Additional Housing Requirement for the 11th
Plan ( 2007-2012)
182 million dwelling
units
Total housing requirement during 11th Plan
Period including the carried over housing shortage
2653 Million
dwelling units
TOTAL HOUSING SHORTAGE
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 24
CATEGORY VISE HOUSING SHORTAGE
Estimated Urban Housing Unit Shortage as on 142007
More than 99 shortage is for EWSLIG segments
Total 2471 m 10000EWS 2178 m 8814LIG 289 m 1169MIG amp HIG 004 m 016
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 25
28
46
618
Source Annual Report 2006-07 MoHUPA
Slum Population as age of total urban population is given in parenthesis
GROWTH OF SLUMS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 26
The housing requirement for the Rs3-10 Lakh income group is approx206 million units by 2011translating to a market size of Rs3300billion or USD 66 billion
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 27
SUGGESTED PARAMETER FOR HOUSING
EWS LIG MIG
Size 300-600 sq ft carpet area Not exceeding 1200 sq ft
carpet area
Cost Not exceeding 4 times
household gross annual
income
Not exceeding 5 times
household gross annual
income
EMIRent Not exceeding 30 of gross
monthly income
Not exceeding 40 of gross
monthly income
AFFORDABLE HOUSING THE CONCEPT AND ISSUES
Difficult to adopt a lsquoone-size-fits-allrsquo concept
Government should undertake a separate exercise to estimate the number of
households falling under the lsquoaffordable housingrsquo category
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 28
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 29
NCR revealed a number of interesting facts during the household survey carriedout in order to ascertain the affordability of the various income groups at citylevel Table 6 depicts in detail the maximum affordable EMI of households invarious income levels This EMI has been estimated from the annual income ofhousehold and its spending and saving behaviour The maximum EMI has beentranslated into affordable house property value based on an assumed interestrate loan tenure and loan to value ratio The table also shows the capital valuesthat the households will have to pay keeping in view the preferred house size andthe affordable house property value An interesting point that was inferred fromthe survey results was that the income groups of Rs3-5 Lakh and Rs5-6 Lakhpreferred similar sized units for their housing needs Both the income categoriesexpressed the area of their residential units in the range of 700-800 sqftHowever while this allows the lower income group to purchase a property withan average price of Rs2300sqft the same enabled the higher income group ofRs5-6 lakh to opt for properties in the range of Rs2900-3650sqft MeanwhileNCR spanning a larger area with vast land parcels available for residentialdevelopment provides varied location options for the residents of the city tofulfill their housing needs The category of households with income of Rs6 lakhand above can afford residential units in select pockets of the newly developedzones in Gurgaon Noida as well as along NH-2 and NH-24 Though these locationssuit the budget preference of households they are located about 30 kms from theCBD area of Delhi ie Connaught Place For example residential locations inGurgaon and Noida are atleast 30 kms from the CBD Residential locations on NH24 Ghaziabad and NH 2 Faridabad are about 35 kms and 27 kms respectivelyfrom the CBD Meanwhile if households especially those in the income categoryof Rs3-5 Lakh are willing to compromise on unit
IDENTIFYING AFFORDABILITY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35
H
H
H
H
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38
Objectives
bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments
bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government
and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and
ownership considerations
Diversity of affordable
housing
The affordable housingdevelopment provides
bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor
bull apartments
Car parking
Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site
Location of affordable
housing
Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices
PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39
Objectives
Integrating affordable housing
Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site
Suggested responses
INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury
40
Objectives
bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes
PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space
Addressing public space
A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)
Privacy within the development
Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces
Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous
SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41
41
External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users
Carparking and streetpresentation
The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures
Planting
Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development
Territoriality
bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated
bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42
Objectives
bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing
bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing
All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like
External entry areas
Internal entry areas
Livingdining areas
Kitchens
Bathrooms
Hallways
Bedrooms
Storage Area
Clothes Drying
Stairs and lifts( as per
NBC)
Open space
Security Adaptable housing
DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43
Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space
SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY
For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street
FRONT OPEN SPACES
OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44
44
Residential and Commercial Zones
In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of
more in residential and commercial zones the community open
spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as
far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the
use of the community in clusters or pockets
The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the
needs of area of layout population for which the layout is
planned and the category of dwelling units The following
minimum provision shall be made
a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or
b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open
spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons
No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm
the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of
recreational open space
Community open spaces and amenities
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45
Width of Means of Access
The residential plots shall abut
on a public means of access
like street-oad Plots which do
not abut on a streethoad shall
abuthont on a means of access
the width and other
requirements of which shall be
as given in Table 1
In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m
MEANS OF ACCESS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46
In the case of special housing schemes for low income group
and economically weaker section of society developed up to two
storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway
width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The
pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each
side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more
than 50 m
No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails
Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline
MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48
Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively
NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted
2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49
Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster
DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed
Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families
Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51
Life style
Affordability
Social Classification
Life style
SALARY CLASS
BUSINESS CLASS
BOTH WORKING
JOINT FAMILY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52
Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi
Zone ndashF
a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)
LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53
The component method of design provides a broad frame work for
achieving the described life style objectives
HOUSING COMPONENT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 13
AFFORDABLE HOUSING ndashDEFINITION
Defining Affordable Housing
ldquoAffordabilityrdquo as a concept is very generic and could have different meanings for different
people based on differences in income levels
Affordable housing refers to any housing that meets some form of affordability
criterion
Defining affordable housing in
India is a difficult task given that
at every square kilo-meter of the
country the dynamics of the
market are different
In the United States and
Canada a commonly acceptedguideline for affordable housing isthat the cost of housing should notbe more than 30 percent of ahouseholds gross income
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 14
AFFORDABLE HOUSING VS LOW COST HOUSING
Low-cost housing is generally meant for EWS category and comprises bare minimum housing
facilities while affordable housing is mostly meant for LIG and MIG and includes basic amenities
like schools hospitals and other community facilities and services
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 15
INDICATIVE SIZE amp POTENTIAL IN INDIA
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 16
DEMAND AND SUPPLY CONSTRAINTS
The demand drivers for affordable housing are as below
Urbanization
Rising income levels leading to a sizeable middle class segment Urbanization is an
ldquoindex of transformation from traditional rural 1 economies to modern industrial one rdquo
Its a product of demographic explosion and poverty induced rural-urban migration
This resulted in pressure on urban infrastructure and in an increase in the number of
homeless people living on the streets
As per the 2001 census the total urban homeless population was 7 78599 people
which would be much more currently given the inadequate availability of 2affordable
low-cost housing
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 17
THE DEMAND MODEL METHODOLOGY
The land market is fundamentally described by household choices of location and lot size The outcomes as in all economics arises from the interaction of demand (of household) and supply (of land parcel) Households are characterized by their income and preferences while land supply is characterized by quantity location and lot characteristics Household preferences can be represented by the price each household is willing to pay for each type
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 18
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 19
DEMAND SUPPLY DYNAMICS
bull Short Supply of residential dwellingsbull Supply shortfall existing since post
independencebull In 2005 estimated demand is 2095
million supply is 1897 Millionbull Demand ndash Supply gap is narrowing
bull Low supply of housing for low
income earners
bull As per 11th 5 year plan
- Shortage of 2471 million
dwellings
- Close to 99 of shortage in
EWS amp LIG segment
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 20
BIRTH AND MIGRATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 21
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 22
POPULATION AND HOUSING
PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF ROOMS
OCCUPIED 1961 ndash 2001( in million )
No of Rooms
occupied 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001
One Room 531 50 458 396 351
Two Rooms 247 27 278 304 295
Three Rooms 103 114 122 148 171
Four or more
Rooms 111 114 121 147 159
No Exclusive
rooms 09 02 21 004 23
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
One Room Two Rooms Three
Rooms
Four or
more
Rooms
No
Exclusive
rooms
d
istr
ibut
ion
of h
ouse
hold
s
Approximate 50 of the households has two and three bed room dwelling units
Source Census of India 2001
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 23
Populatio
n
Residents
with
Buying
Power
Populatio
n under 20
Per
Capita
Income
GDP
Growth
Rate
Housing
Shortage
Estimate
1065
billion
300
million
58 $539 8 22 million
India Demographics Housing Shortage
Housing shortage at the beginning of 11th Five
Year Plan (142007)
2471 million
dwelling units
Additional Housing Requirement for the 11th
Plan ( 2007-2012)
182 million dwelling
units
Total housing requirement during 11th Plan
Period including the carried over housing shortage
2653 Million
dwelling units
TOTAL HOUSING SHORTAGE
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 24
CATEGORY VISE HOUSING SHORTAGE
Estimated Urban Housing Unit Shortage as on 142007
More than 99 shortage is for EWSLIG segments
Total 2471 m 10000EWS 2178 m 8814LIG 289 m 1169MIG amp HIG 004 m 016
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 25
28
46
618
Source Annual Report 2006-07 MoHUPA
Slum Population as age of total urban population is given in parenthesis
GROWTH OF SLUMS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 26
The housing requirement for the Rs3-10 Lakh income group is approx206 million units by 2011translating to a market size of Rs3300billion or USD 66 billion
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 27
SUGGESTED PARAMETER FOR HOUSING
EWS LIG MIG
Size 300-600 sq ft carpet area Not exceeding 1200 sq ft
carpet area
Cost Not exceeding 4 times
household gross annual
income
Not exceeding 5 times
household gross annual
income
EMIRent Not exceeding 30 of gross
monthly income
Not exceeding 40 of gross
monthly income
AFFORDABLE HOUSING THE CONCEPT AND ISSUES
Difficult to adopt a lsquoone-size-fits-allrsquo concept
Government should undertake a separate exercise to estimate the number of
households falling under the lsquoaffordable housingrsquo category
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 28
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 29
NCR revealed a number of interesting facts during the household survey carriedout in order to ascertain the affordability of the various income groups at citylevel Table 6 depicts in detail the maximum affordable EMI of households invarious income levels This EMI has been estimated from the annual income ofhousehold and its spending and saving behaviour The maximum EMI has beentranslated into affordable house property value based on an assumed interestrate loan tenure and loan to value ratio The table also shows the capital valuesthat the households will have to pay keeping in view the preferred house size andthe affordable house property value An interesting point that was inferred fromthe survey results was that the income groups of Rs3-5 Lakh and Rs5-6 Lakhpreferred similar sized units for their housing needs Both the income categoriesexpressed the area of their residential units in the range of 700-800 sqftHowever while this allows the lower income group to purchase a property withan average price of Rs2300sqft the same enabled the higher income group ofRs5-6 lakh to opt for properties in the range of Rs2900-3650sqft MeanwhileNCR spanning a larger area with vast land parcels available for residentialdevelopment provides varied location options for the residents of the city tofulfill their housing needs The category of households with income of Rs6 lakhand above can afford residential units in select pockets of the newly developedzones in Gurgaon Noida as well as along NH-2 and NH-24 Though these locationssuit the budget preference of households they are located about 30 kms from theCBD area of Delhi ie Connaught Place For example residential locations inGurgaon and Noida are atleast 30 kms from the CBD Residential locations on NH24 Ghaziabad and NH 2 Faridabad are about 35 kms and 27 kms respectivelyfrom the CBD Meanwhile if households especially those in the income categoryof Rs3-5 Lakh are willing to compromise on unit
IDENTIFYING AFFORDABILITY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35
H
H
H
H
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38
Objectives
bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments
bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government
and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and
ownership considerations
Diversity of affordable
housing
The affordable housingdevelopment provides
bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor
bull apartments
Car parking
Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site
Location of affordable
housing
Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices
PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39
Objectives
Integrating affordable housing
Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site
Suggested responses
INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury
40
Objectives
bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes
PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space
Addressing public space
A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)
Privacy within the development
Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces
Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous
SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41
41
External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users
Carparking and streetpresentation
The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures
Planting
Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development
Territoriality
bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated
bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42
Objectives
bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing
bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing
All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like
External entry areas
Internal entry areas
Livingdining areas
Kitchens
Bathrooms
Hallways
Bedrooms
Storage Area
Clothes Drying
Stairs and lifts( as per
NBC)
Open space
Security Adaptable housing
DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43
Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space
SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY
For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street
FRONT OPEN SPACES
OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44
44
Residential and Commercial Zones
In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of
more in residential and commercial zones the community open
spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as
far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the
use of the community in clusters or pockets
The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the
needs of area of layout population for which the layout is
planned and the category of dwelling units The following
minimum provision shall be made
a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or
b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open
spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons
No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm
the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of
recreational open space
Community open spaces and amenities
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45
Width of Means of Access
The residential plots shall abut
on a public means of access
like street-oad Plots which do
not abut on a streethoad shall
abuthont on a means of access
the width and other
requirements of which shall be
as given in Table 1
In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m
MEANS OF ACCESS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46
In the case of special housing schemes for low income group
and economically weaker section of society developed up to two
storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway
width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The
pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each
side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more
than 50 m
No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails
Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline
MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48
Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively
NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted
2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49
Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster
DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed
Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families
Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51
Life style
Affordability
Social Classification
Life style
SALARY CLASS
BUSINESS CLASS
BOTH WORKING
JOINT FAMILY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52
Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi
Zone ndashF
a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)
LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53
The component method of design provides a broad frame work for
achieving the described life style objectives
HOUSING COMPONENT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 14
AFFORDABLE HOUSING VS LOW COST HOUSING
Low-cost housing is generally meant for EWS category and comprises bare minimum housing
facilities while affordable housing is mostly meant for LIG and MIG and includes basic amenities
like schools hospitals and other community facilities and services
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 15
INDICATIVE SIZE amp POTENTIAL IN INDIA
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 16
DEMAND AND SUPPLY CONSTRAINTS
The demand drivers for affordable housing are as below
Urbanization
Rising income levels leading to a sizeable middle class segment Urbanization is an
ldquoindex of transformation from traditional rural 1 economies to modern industrial one rdquo
Its a product of demographic explosion and poverty induced rural-urban migration
This resulted in pressure on urban infrastructure and in an increase in the number of
homeless people living on the streets
As per the 2001 census the total urban homeless population was 7 78599 people
which would be much more currently given the inadequate availability of 2affordable
low-cost housing
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 17
THE DEMAND MODEL METHODOLOGY
The land market is fundamentally described by household choices of location and lot size The outcomes as in all economics arises from the interaction of demand (of household) and supply (of land parcel) Households are characterized by their income and preferences while land supply is characterized by quantity location and lot characteristics Household preferences can be represented by the price each household is willing to pay for each type
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 18
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 19
DEMAND SUPPLY DYNAMICS
bull Short Supply of residential dwellingsbull Supply shortfall existing since post
independencebull In 2005 estimated demand is 2095
million supply is 1897 Millionbull Demand ndash Supply gap is narrowing
bull Low supply of housing for low
income earners
bull As per 11th 5 year plan
- Shortage of 2471 million
dwellings
- Close to 99 of shortage in
EWS amp LIG segment
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 20
BIRTH AND MIGRATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 21
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 22
POPULATION AND HOUSING
PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF ROOMS
OCCUPIED 1961 ndash 2001( in million )
No of Rooms
occupied 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001
One Room 531 50 458 396 351
Two Rooms 247 27 278 304 295
Three Rooms 103 114 122 148 171
Four or more
Rooms 111 114 121 147 159
No Exclusive
rooms 09 02 21 004 23
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
One Room Two Rooms Three
Rooms
Four or
more
Rooms
No
Exclusive
rooms
d
istr
ibut
ion
of h
ouse
hold
s
Approximate 50 of the households has two and three bed room dwelling units
Source Census of India 2001
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 23
Populatio
n
Residents
with
Buying
Power
Populatio
n under 20
Per
Capita
Income
GDP
Growth
Rate
Housing
Shortage
Estimate
1065
billion
300
million
58 $539 8 22 million
India Demographics Housing Shortage
Housing shortage at the beginning of 11th Five
Year Plan (142007)
2471 million
dwelling units
Additional Housing Requirement for the 11th
Plan ( 2007-2012)
182 million dwelling
units
Total housing requirement during 11th Plan
Period including the carried over housing shortage
2653 Million
dwelling units
TOTAL HOUSING SHORTAGE
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 24
CATEGORY VISE HOUSING SHORTAGE
Estimated Urban Housing Unit Shortage as on 142007
More than 99 shortage is for EWSLIG segments
Total 2471 m 10000EWS 2178 m 8814LIG 289 m 1169MIG amp HIG 004 m 016
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 25
28
46
618
Source Annual Report 2006-07 MoHUPA
Slum Population as age of total urban population is given in parenthesis
GROWTH OF SLUMS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 26
The housing requirement for the Rs3-10 Lakh income group is approx206 million units by 2011translating to a market size of Rs3300billion or USD 66 billion
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 27
SUGGESTED PARAMETER FOR HOUSING
EWS LIG MIG
Size 300-600 sq ft carpet area Not exceeding 1200 sq ft
carpet area
Cost Not exceeding 4 times
household gross annual
income
Not exceeding 5 times
household gross annual
income
EMIRent Not exceeding 30 of gross
monthly income
Not exceeding 40 of gross
monthly income
AFFORDABLE HOUSING THE CONCEPT AND ISSUES
Difficult to adopt a lsquoone-size-fits-allrsquo concept
Government should undertake a separate exercise to estimate the number of
households falling under the lsquoaffordable housingrsquo category
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 28
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 29
NCR revealed a number of interesting facts during the household survey carriedout in order to ascertain the affordability of the various income groups at citylevel Table 6 depicts in detail the maximum affordable EMI of households invarious income levels This EMI has been estimated from the annual income ofhousehold and its spending and saving behaviour The maximum EMI has beentranslated into affordable house property value based on an assumed interestrate loan tenure and loan to value ratio The table also shows the capital valuesthat the households will have to pay keeping in view the preferred house size andthe affordable house property value An interesting point that was inferred fromthe survey results was that the income groups of Rs3-5 Lakh and Rs5-6 Lakhpreferred similar sized units for their housing needs Both the income categoriesexpressed the area of their residential units in the range of 700-800 sqftHowever while this allows the lower income group to purchase a property withan average price of Rs2300sqft the same enabled the higher income group ofRs5-6 lakh to opt for properties in the range of Rs2900-3650sqft MeanwhileNCR spanning a larger area with vast land parcels available for residentialdevelopment provides varied location options for the residents of the city tofulfill their housing needs The category of households with income of Rs6 lakhand above can afford residential units in select pockets of the newly developedzones in Gurgaon Noida as well as along NH-2 and NH-24 Though these locationssuit the budget preference of households they are located about 30 kms from theCBD area of Delhi ie Connaught Place For example residential locations inGurgaon and Noida are atleast 30 kms from the CBD Residential locations on NH24 Ghaziabad and NH 2 Faridabad are about 35 kms and 27 kms respectivelyfrom the CBD Meanwhile if households especially those in the income categoryof Rs3-5 Lakh are willing to compromise on unit
IDENTIFYING AFFORDABILITY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35
H
H
H
H
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38
Objectives
bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments
bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government
and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and
ownership considerations
Diversity of affordable
housing
The affordable housingdevelopment provides
bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor
bull apartments
Car parking
Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site
Location of affordable
housing
Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices
PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39
Objectives
Integrating affordable housing
Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site
Suggested responses
INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury
40
Objectives
bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes
PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space
Addressing public space
A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)
Privacy within the development
Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces
Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous
SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41
41
External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users
Carparking and streetpresentation
The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures
Planting
Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development
Territoriality
bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated
bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42
Objectives
bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing
bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing
All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like
External entry areas
Internal entry areas
Livingdining areas
Kitchens
Bathrooms
Hallways
Bedrooms
Storage Area
Clothes Drying
Stairs and lifts( as per
NBC)
Open space
Security Adaptable housing
DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43
Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space
SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY
For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street
FRONT OPEN SPACES
OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44
44
Residential and Commercial Zones
In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of
more in residential and commercial zones the community open
spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as
far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the
use of the community in clusters or pockets
The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the
needs of area of layout population for which the layout is
planned and the category of dwelling units The following
minimum provision shall be made
a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or
b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open
spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons
No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm
the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of
recreational open space
Community open spaces and amenities
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45
Width of Means of Access
The residential plots shall abut
on a public means of access
like street-oad Plots which do
not abut on a streethoad shall
abuthont on a means of access
the width and other
requirements of which shall be
as given in Table 1
In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m
MEANS OF ACCESS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46
In the case of special housing schemes for low income group
and economically weaker section of society developed up to two
storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway
width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The
pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each
side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more
than 50 m
No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails
Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline
MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48
Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively
NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted
2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49
Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster
DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed
Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families
Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51
Life style
Affordability
Social Classification
Life style
SALARY CLASS
BUSINESS CLASS
BOTH WORKING
JOINT FAMILY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52
Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi
Zone ndashF
a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)
LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53
The component method of design provides a broad frame work for
achieving the described life style objectives
HOUSING COMPONENT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 15
INDICATIVE SIZE amp POTENTIAL IN INDIA
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 16
DEMAND AND SUPPLY CONSTRAINTS
The demand drivers for affordable housing are as below
Urbanization
Rising income levels leading to a sizeable middle class segment Urbanization is an
ldquoindex of transformation from traditional rural 1 economies to modern industrial one rdquo
Its a product of demographic explosion and poverty induced rural-urban migration
This resulted in pressure on urban infrastructure and in an increase in the number of
homeless people living on the streets
As per the 2001 census the total urban homeless population was 7 78599 people
which would be much more currently given the inadequate availability of 2affordable
low-cost housing
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 17
THE DEMAND MODEL METHODOLOGY
The land market is fundamentally described by household choices of location and lot size The outcomes as in all economics arises from the interaction of demand (of household) and supply (of land parcel) Households are characterized by their income and preferences while land supply is characterized by quantity location and lot characteristics Household preferences can be represented by the price each household is willing to pay for each type
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 18
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 19
DEMAND SUPPLY DYNAMICS
bull Short Supply of residential dwellingsbull Supply shortfall existing since post
independencebull In 2005 estimated demand is 2095
million supply is 1897 Millionbull Demand ndash Supply gap is narrowing
bull Low supply of housing for low
income earners
bull As per 11th 5 year plan
- Shortage of 2471 million
dwellings
- Close to 99 of shortage in
EWS amp LIG segment
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 20
BIRTH AND MIGRATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 21
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 22
POPULATION AND HOUSING
PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF ROOMS
OCCUPIED 1961 ndash 2001( in million )
No of Rooms
occupied 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001
One Room 531 50 458 396 351
Two Rooms 247 27 278 304 295
Three Rooms 103 114 122 148 171
Four or more
Rooms 111 114 121 147 159
No Exclusive
rooms 09 02 21 004 23
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
One Room Two Rooms Three
Rooms
Four or
more
Rooms
No
Exclusive
rooms
d
istr
ibut
ion
of h
ouse
hold
s
Approximate 50 of the households has two and three bed room dwelling units
Source Census of India 2001
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 23
Populatio
n
Residents
with
Buying
Power
Populatio
n under 20
Per
Capita
Income
GDP
Growth
Rate
Housing
Shortage
Estimate
1065
billion
300
million
58 $539 8 22 million
India Demographics Housing Shortage
Housing shortage at the beginning of 11th Five
Year Plan (142007)
2471 million
dwelling units
Additional Housing Requirement for the 11th
Plan ( 2007-2012)
182 million dwelling
units
Total housing requirement during 11th Plan
Period including the carried over housing shortage
2653 Million
dwelling units
TOTAL HOUSING SHORTAGE
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 24
CATEGORY VISE HOUSING SHORTAGE
Estimated Urban Housing Unit Shortage as on 142007
More than 99 shortage is for EWSLIG segments
Total 2471 m 10000EWS 2178 m 8814LIG 289 m 1169MIG amp HIG 004 m 016
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 25
28
46
618
Source Annual Report 2006-07 MoHUPA
Slum Population as age of total urban population is given in parenthesis
GROWTH OF SLUMS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 26
The housing requirement for the Rs3-10 Lakh income group is approx206 million units by 2011translating to a market size of Rs3300billion or USD 66 billion
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 27
SUGGESTED PARAMETER FOR HOUSING
EWS LIG MIG
Size 300-600 sq ft carpet area Not exceeding 1200 sq ft
carpet area
Cost Not exceeding 4 times
household gross annual
income
Not exceeding 5 times
household gross annual
income
EMIRent Not exceeding 30 of gross
monthly income
Not exceeding 40 of gross
monthly income
AFFORDABLE HOUSING THE CONCEPT AND ISSUES
Difficult to adopt a lsquoone-size-fits-allrsquo concept
Government should undertake a separate exercise to estimate the number of
households falling under the lsquoaffordable housingrsquo category
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 28
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 29
NCR revealed a number of interesting facts during the household survey carriedout in order to ascertain the affordability of the various income groups at citylevel Table 6 depicts in detail the maximum affordable EMI of households invarious income levels This EMI has been estimated from the annual income ofhousehold and its spending and saving behaviour The maximum EMI has beentranslated into affordable house property value based on an assumed interestrate loan tenure and loan to value ratio The table also shows the capital valuesthat the households will have to pay keeping in view the preferred house size andthe affordable house property value An interesting point that was inferred fromthe survey results was that the income groups of Rs3-5 Lakh and Rs5-6 Lakhpreferred similar sized units for their housing needs Both the income categoriesexpressed the area of their residential units in the range of 700-800 sqftHowever while this allows the lower income group to purchase a property withan average price of Rs2300sqft the same enabled the higher income group ofRs5-6 lakh to opt for properties in the range of Rs2900-3650sqft MeanwhileNCR spanning a larger area with vast land parcels available for residentialdevelopment provides varied location options for the residents of the city tofulfill their housing needs The category of households with income of Rs6 lakhand above can afford residential units in select pockets of the newly developedzones in Gurgaon Noida as well as along NH-2 and NH-24 Though these locationssuit the budget preference of households they are located about 30 kms from theCBD area of Delhi ie Connaught Place For example residential locations inGurgaon and Noida are atleast 30 kms from the CBD Residential locations on NH24 Ghaziabad and NH 2 Faridabad are about 35 kms and 27 kms respectivelyfrom the CBD Meanwhile if households especially those in the income categoryof Rs3-5 Lakh are willing to compromise on unit
IDENTIFYING AFFORDABILITY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35
H
H
H
H
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38
Objectives
bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments
bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government
and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and
ownership considerations
Diversity of affordable
housing
The affordable housingdevelopment provides
bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor
bull apartments
Car parking
Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site
Location of affordable
housing
Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices
PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39
Objectives
Integrating affordable housing
Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site
Suggested responses
INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury
40
Objectives
bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes
PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space
Addressing public space
A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)
Privacy within the development
Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces
Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous
SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41
41
External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users
Carparking and streetpresentation
The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures
Planting
Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development
Territoriality
bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated
bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42
Objectives
bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing
bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing
All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like
External entry areas
Internal entry areas
Livingdining areas
Kitchens
Bathrooms
Hallways
Bedrooms
Storage Area
Clothes Drying
Stairs and lifts( as per
NBC)
Open space
Security Adaptable housing
DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43
Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space
SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY
For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street
FRONT OPEN SPACES
OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44
44
Residential and Commercial Zones
In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of
more in residential and commercial zones the community open
spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as
far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the
use of the community in clusters or pockets
The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the
needs of area of layout population for which the layout is
planned and the category of dwelling units The following
minimum provision shall be made
a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or
b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open
spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons
No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm
the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of
recreational open space
Community open spaces and amenities
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45
Width of Means of Access
The residential plots shall abut
on a public means of access
like street-oad Plots which do
not abut on a streethoad shall
abuthont on a means of access
the width and other
requirements of which shall be
as given in Table 1
In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m
MEANS OF ACCESS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46
In the case of special housing schemes for low income group
and economically weaker section of society developed up to two
storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway
width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The
pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each
side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more
than 50 m
No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails
Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline
MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48
Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively
NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted
2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49
Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster
DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed
Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families
Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51
Life style
Affordability
Social Classification
Life style
SALARY CLASS
BUSINESS CLASS
BOTH WORKING
JOINT FAMILY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52
Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi
Zone ndashF
a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)
LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53
The component method of design provides a broad frame work for
achieving the described life style objectives
HOUSING COMPONENT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 16
DEMAND AND SUPPLY CONSTRAINTS
The demand drivers for affordable housing are as below
Urbanization
Rising income levels leading to a sizeable middle class segment Urbanization is an
ldquoindex of transformation from traditional rural 1 economies to modern industrial one rdquo
Its a product of demographic explosion and poverty induced rural-urban migration
This resulted in pressure on urban infrastructure and in an increase in the number of
homeless people living on the streets
As per the 2001 census the total urban homeless population was 7 78599 people
which would be much more currently given the inadequate availability of 2affordable
low-cost housing
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 17
THE DEMAND MODEL METHODOLOGY
The land market is fundamentally described by household choices of location and lot size The outcomes as in all economics arises from the interaction of demand (of household) and supply (of land parcel) Households are characterized by their income and preferences while land supply is characterized by quantity location and lot characteristics Household preferences can be represented by the price each household is willing to pay for each type
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 18
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 19
DEMAND SUPPLY DYNAMICS
bull Short Supply of residential dwellingsbull Supply shortfall existing since post
independencebull In 2005 estimated demand is 2095
million supply is 1897 Millionbull Demand ndash Supply gap is narrowing
bull Low supply of housing for low
income earners
bull As per 11th 5 year plan
- Shortage of 2471 million
dwellings
- Close to 99 of shortage in
EWS amp LIG segment
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 20
BIRTH AND MIGRATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 21
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 22
POPULATION AND HOUSING
PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF ROOMS
OCCUPIED 1961 ndash 2001( in million )
No of Rooms
occupied 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001
One Room 531 50 458 396 351
Two Rooms 247 27 278 304 295
Three Rooms 103 114 122 148 171
Four or more
Rooms 111 114 121 147 159
No Exclusive
rooms 09 02 21 004 23
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
One Room Two Rooms Three
Rooms
Four or
more
Rooms
No
Exclusive
rooms
d
istr
ibut
ion
of h
ouse
hold
s
Approximate 50 of the households has two and three bed room dwelling units
Source Census of India 2001
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 23
Populatio
n
Residents
with
Buying
Power
Populatio
n under 20
Per
Capita
Income
GDP
Growth
Rate
Housing
Shortage
Estimate
1065
billion
300
million
58 $539 8 22 million
India Demographics Housing Shortage
Housing shortage at the beginning of 11th Five
Year Plan (142007)
2471 million
dwelling units
Additional Housing Requirement for the 11th
Plan ( 2007-2012)
182 million dwelling
units
Total housing requirement during 11th Plan
Period including the carried over housing shortage
2653 Million
dwelling units
TOTAL HOUSING SHORTAGE
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 24
CATEGORY VISE HOUSING SHORTAGE
Estimated Urban Housing Unit Shortage as on 142007
More than 99 shortage is for EWSLIG segments
Total 2471 m 10000EWS 2178 m 8814LIG 289 m 1169MIG amp HIG 004 m 016
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 25
28
46
618
Source Annual Report 2006-07 MoHUPA
Slum Population as age of total urban population is given in parenthesis
GROWTH OF SLUMS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 26
The housing requirement for the Rs3-10 Lakh income group is approx206 million units by 2011translating to a market size of Rs3300billion or USD 66 billion
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 27
SUGGESTED PARAMETER FOR HOUSING
EWS LIG MIG
Size 300-600 sq ft carpet area Not exceeding 1200 sq ft
carpet area
Cost Not exceeding 4 times
household gross annual
income
Not exceeding 5 times
household gross annual
income
EMIRent Not exceeding 30 of gross
monthly income
Not exceeding 40 of gross
monthly income
AFFORDABLE HOUSING THE CONCEPT AND ISSUES
Difficult to adopt a lsquoone-size-fits-allrsquo concept
Government should undertake a separate exercise to estimate the number of
households falling under the lsquoaffordable housingrsquo category
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 28
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 29
NCR revealed a number of interesting facts during the household survey carriedout in order to ascertain the affordability of the various income groups at citylevel Table 6 depicts in detail the maximum affordable EMI of households invarious income levels This EMI has been estimated from the annual income ofhousehold and its spending and saving behaviour The maximum EMI has beentranslated into affordable house property value based on an assumed interestrate loan tenure and loan to value ratio The table also shows the capital valuesthat the households will have to pay keeping in view the preferred house size andthe affordable house property value An interesting point that was inferred fromthe survey results was that the income groups of Rs3-5 Lakh and Rs5-6 Lakhpreferred similar sized units for their housing needs Both the income categoriesexpressed the area of their residential units in the range of 700-800 sqftHowever while this allows the lower income group to purchase a property withan average price of Rs2300sqft the same enabled the higher income group ofRs5-6 lakh to opt for properties in the range of Rs2900-3650sqft MeanwhileNCR spanning a larger area with vast land parcels available for residentialdevelopment provides varied location options for the residents of the city tofulfill their housing needs The category of households with income of Rs6 lakhand above can afford residential units in select pockets of the newly developedzones in Gurgaon Noida as well as along NH-2 and NH-24 Though these locationssuit the budget preference of households they are located about 30 kms from theCBD area of Delhi ie Connaught Place For example residential locations inGurgaon and Noida are atleast 30 kms from the CBD Residential locations on NH24 Ghaziabad and NH 2 Faridabad are about 35 kms and 27 kms respectivelyfrom the CBD Meanwhile if households especially those in the income categoryof Rs3-5 Lakh are willing to compromise on unit
IDENTIFYING AFFORDABILITY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35
H
H
H
H
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38
Objectives
bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments
bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government
and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and
ownership considerations
Diversity of affordable
housing
The affordable housingdevelopment provides
bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor
bull apartments
Car parking
Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site
Location of affordable
housing
Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices
PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39
Objectives
Integrating affordable housing
Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site
Suggested responses
INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury
40
Objectives
bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes
PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space
Addressing public space
A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)
Privacy within the development
Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces
Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous
SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41
41
External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users
Carparking and streetpresentation
The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures
Planting
Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development
Territoriality
bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated
bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42
Objectives
bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing
bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing
All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like
External entry areas
Internal entry areas
Livingdining areas
Kitchens
Bathrooms
Hallways
Bedrooms
Storage Area
Clothes Drying
Stairs and lifts( as per
NBC)
Open space
Security Adaptable housing
DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43
Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space
SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY
For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street
FRONT OPEN SPACES
OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44
44
Residential and Commercial Zones
In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of
more in residential and commercial zones the community open
spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as
far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the
use of the community in clusters or pockets
The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the
needs of area of layout population for which the layout is
planned and the category of dwelling units The following
minimum provision shall be made
a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or
b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open
spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons
No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm
the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of
recreational open space
Community open spaces and amenities
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45
Width of Means of Access
The residential plots shall abut
on a public means of access
like street-oad Plots which do
not abut on a streethoad shall
abuthont on a means of access
the width and other
requirements of which shall be
as given in Table 1
In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m
MEANS OF ACCESS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46
In the case of special housing schemes for low income group
and economically weaker section of society developed up to two
storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway
width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The
pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each
side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more
than 50 m
No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails
Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline
MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48
Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively
NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted
2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49
Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster
DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed
Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families
Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51
Life style
Affordability
Social Classification
Life style
SALARY CLASS
BUSINESS CLASS
BOTH WORKING
JOINT FAMILY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52
Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi
Zone ndashF
a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)
LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53
The component method of design provides a broad frame work for
achieving the described life style objectives
HOUSING COMPONENT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 17
THE DEMAND MODEL METHODOLOGY
The land market is fundamentally described by household choices of location and lot size The outcomes as in all economics arises from the interaction of demand (of household) and supply (of land parcel) Households are characterized by their income and preferences while land supply is characterized by quantity location and lot characteristics Household preferences can be represented by the price each household is willing to pay for each type
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 18
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 19
DEMAND SUPPLY DYNAMICS
bull Short Supply of residential dwellingsbull Supply shortfall existing since post
independencebull In 2005 estimated demand is 2095
million supply is 1897 Millionbull Demand ndash Supply gap is narrowing
bull Low supply of housing for low
income earners
bull As per 11th 5 year plan
- Shortage of 2471 million
dwellings
- Close to 99 of shortage in
EWS amp LIG segment
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 20
BIRTH AND MIGRATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 21
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 22
POPULATION AND HOUSING
PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF ROOMS
OCCUPIED 1961 ndash 2001( in million )
No of Rooms
occupied 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001
One Room 531 50 458 396 351
Two Rooms 247 27 278 304 295
Three Rooms 103 114 122 148 171
Four or more
Rooms 111 114 121 147 159
No Exclusive
rooms 09 02 21 004 23
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
One Room Two Rooms Three
Rooms
Four or
more
Rooms
No
Exclusive
rooms
d
istr
ibut
ion
of h
ouse
hold
s
Approximate 50 of the households has two and three bed room dwelling units
Source Census of India 2001
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 23
Populatio
n
Residents
with
Buying
Power
Populatio
n under 20
Per
Capita
Income
GDP
Growth
Rate
Housing
Shortage
Estimate
1065
billion
300
million
58 $539 8 22 million
India Demographics Housing Shortage
Housing shortage at the beginning of 11th Five
Year Plan (142007)
2471 million
dwelling units
Additional Housing Requirement for the 11th
Plan ( 2007-2012)
182 million dwelling
units
Total housing requirement during 11th Plan
Period including the carried over housing shortage
2653 Million
dwelling units
TOTAL HOUSING SHORTAGE
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 24
CATEGORY VISE HOUSING SHORTAGE
Estimated Urban Housing Unit Shortage as on 142007
More than 99 shortage is for EWSLIG segments
Total 2471 m 10000EWS 2178 m 8814LIG 289 m 1169MIG amp HIG 004 m 016
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 25
28
46
618
Source Annual Report 2006-07 MoHUPA
Slum Population as age of total urban population is given in parenthesis
GROWTH OF SLUMS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 26
The housing requirement for the Rs3-10 Lakh income group is approx206 million units by 2011translating to a market size of Rs3300billion or USD 66 billion
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 27
SUGGESTED PARAMETER FOR HOUSING
EWS LIG MIG
Size 300-600 sq ft carpet area Not exceeding 1200 sq ft
carpet area
Cost Not exceeding 4 times
household gross annual
income
Not exceeding 5 times
household gross annual
income
EMIRent Not exceeding 30 of gross
monthly income
Not exceeding 40 of gross
monthly income
AFFORDABLE HOUSING THE CONCEPT AND ISSUES
Difficult to adopt a lsquoone-size-fits-allrsquo concept
Government should undertake a separate exercise to estimate the number of
households falling under the lsquoaffordable housingrsquo category
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 28
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 29
NCR revealed a number of interesting facts during the household survey carriedout in order to ascertain the affordability of the various income groups at citylevel Table 6 depicts in detail the maximum affordable EMI of households invarious income levels This EMI has been estimated from the annual income ofhousehold and its spending and saving behaviour The maximum EMI has beentranslated into affordable house property value based on an assumed interestrate loan tenure and loan to value ratio The table also shows the capital valuesthat the households will have to pay keeping in view the preferred house size andthe affordable house property value An interesting point that was inferred fromthe survey results was that the income groups of Rs3-5 Lakh and Rs5-6 Lakhpreferred similar sized units for their housing needs Both the income categoriesexpressed the area of their residential units in the range of 700-800 sqftHowever while this allows the lower income group to purchase a property withan average price of Rs2300sqft the same enabled the higher income group ofRs5-6 lakh to opt for properties in the range of Rs2900-3650sqft MeanwhileNCR spanning a larger area with vast land parcels available for residentialdevelopment provides varied location options for the residents of the city tofulfill their housing needs The category of households with income of Rs6 lakhand above can afford residential units in select pockets of the newly developedzones in Gurgaon Noida as well as along NH-2 and NH-24 Though these locationssuit the budget preference of households they are located about 30 kms from theCBD area of Delhi ie Connaught Place For example residential locations inGurgaon and Noida are atleast 30 kms from the CBD Residential locations on NH24 Ghaziabad and NH 2 Faridabad are about 35 kms and 27 kms respectivelyfrom the CBD Meanwhile if households especially those in the income categoryof Rs3-5 Lakh are willing to compromise on unit
IDENTIFYING AFFORDABILITY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35
H
H
H
H
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38
Objectives
bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments
bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government
and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and
ownership considerations
Diversity of affordable
housing
The affordable housingdevelopment provides
bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor
bull apartments
Car parking
Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site
Location of affordable
housing
Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices
PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39
Objectives
Integrating affordable housing
Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site
Suggested responses
INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury
40
Objectives
bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes
PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space
Addressing public space
A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)
Privacy within the development
Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces
Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous
SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41
41
External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users
Carparking and streetpresentation
The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures
Planting
Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development
Territoriality
bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated
bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42
Objectives
bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing
bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing
All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like
External entry areas
Internal entry areas
Livingdining areas
Kitchens
Bathrooms
Hallways
Bedrooms
Storage Area
Clothes Drying
Stairs and lifts( as per
NBC)
Open space
Security Adaptable housing
DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43
Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space
SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY
For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street
FRONT OPEN SPACES
OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44
44
Residential and Commercial Zones
In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of
more in residential and commercial zones the community open
spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as
far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the
use of the community in clusters or pockets
The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the
needs of area of layout population for which the layout is
planned and the category of dwelling units The following
minimum provision shall be made
a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or
b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open
spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons
No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm
the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of
recreational open space
Community open spaces and amenities
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45
Width of Means of Access
The residential plots shall abut
on a public means of access
like street-oad Plots which do
not abut on a streethoad shall
abuthont on a means of access
the width and other
requirements of which shall be
as given in Table 1
In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m
MEANS OF ACCESS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46
In the case of special housing schemes for low income group
and economically weaker section of society developed up to two
storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway
width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The
pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each
side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more
than 50 m
No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails
Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline
MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48
Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively
NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted
2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49
Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster
DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed
Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families
Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51
Life style
Affordability
Social Classification
Life style
SALARY CLASS
BUSINESS CLASS
BOTH WORKING
JOINT FAMILY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52
Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi
Zone ndashF
a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)
LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53
The component method of design provides a broad frame work for
achieving the described life style objectives
HOUSING COMPONENT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 18
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 19
DEMAND SUPPLY DYNAMICS
bull Short Supply of residential dwellingsbull Supply shortfall existing since post
independencebull In 2005 estimated demand is 2095
million supply is 1897 Millionbull Demand ndash Supply gap is narrowing
bull Low supply of housing for low
income earners
bull As per 11th 5 year plan
- Shortage of 2471 million
dwellings
- Close to 99 of shortage in
EWS amp LIG segment
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 20
BIRTH AND MIGRATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 21
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 22
POPULATION AND HOUSING
PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF ROOMS
OCCUPIED 1961 ndash 2001( in million )
No of Rooms
occupied 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001
One Room 531 50 458 396 351
Two Rooms 247 27 278 304 295
Three Rooms 103 114 122 148 171
Four or more
Rooms 111 114 121 147 159
No Exclusive
rooms 09 02 21 004 23
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
One Room Two Rooms Three
Rooms
Four or
more
Rooms
No
Exclusive
rooms
d
istr
ibut
ion
of h
ouse
hold
s
Approximate 50 of the households has two and three bed room dwelling units
Source Census of India 2001
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 23
Populatio
n
Residents
with
Buying
Power
Populatio
n under 20
Per
Capita
Income
GDP
Growth
Rate
Housing
Shortage
Estimate
1065
billion
300
million
58 $539 8 22 million
India Demographics Housing Shortage
Housing shortage at the beginning of 11th Five
Year Plan (142007)
2471 million
dwelling units
Additional Housing Requirement for the 11th
Plan ( 2007-2012)
182 million dwelling
units
Total housing requirement during 11th Plan
Period including the carried over housing shortage
2653 Million
dwelling units
TOTAL HOUSING SHORTAGE
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 24
CATEGORY VISE HOUSING SHORTAGE
Estimated Urban Housing Unit Shortage as on 142007
More than 99 shortage is for EWSLIG segments
Total 2471 m 10000EWS 2178 m 8814LIG 289 m 1169MIG amp HIG 004 m 016
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 25
28
46
618
Source Annual Report 2006-07 MoHUPA
Slum Population as age of total urban population is given in parenthesis
GROWTH OF SLUMS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 26
The housing requirement for the Rs3-10 Lakh income group is approx206 million units by 2011translating to a market size of Rs3300billion or USD 66 billion
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 27
SUGGESTED PARAMETER FOR HOUSING
EWS LIG MIG
Size 300-600 sq ft carpet area Not exceeding 1200 sq ft
carpet area
Cost Not exceeding 4 times
household gross annual
income
Not exceeding 5 times
household gross annual
income
EMIRent Not exceeding 30 of gross
monthly income
Not exceeding 40 of gross
monthly income
AFFORDABLE HOUSING THE CONCEPT AND ISSUES
Difficult to adopt a lsquoone-size-fits-allrsquo concept
Government should undertake a separate exercise to estimate the number of
households falling under the lsquoaffordable housingrsquo category
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 28
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 29
NCR revealed a number of interesting facts during the household survey carriedout in order to ascertain the affordability of the various income groups at citylevel Table 6 depicts in detail the maximum affordable EMI of households invarious income levels This EMI has been estimated from the annual income ofhousehold and its spending and saving behaviour The maximum EMI has beentranslated into affordable house property value based on an assumed interestrate loan tenure and loan to value ratio The table also shows the capital valuesthat the households will have to pay keeping in view the preferred house size andthe affordable house property value An interesting point that was inferred fromthe survey results was that the income groups of Rs3-5 Lakh and Rs5-6 Lakhpreferred similar sized units for their housing needs Both the income categoriesexpressed the area of their residential units in the range of 700-800 sqftHowever while this allows the lower income group to purchase a property withan average price of Rs2300sqft the same enabled the higher income group ofRs5-6 lakh to opt for properties in the range of Rs2900-3650sqft MeanwhileNCR spanning a larger area with vast land parcels available for residentialdevelopment provides varied location options for the residents of the city tofulfill their housing needs The category of households with income of Rs6 lakhand above can afford residential units in select pockets of the newly developedzones in Gurgaon Noida as well as along NH-2 and NH-24 Though these locationssuit the budget preference of households they are located about 30 kms from theCBD area of Delhi ie Connaught Place For example residential locations inGurgaon and Noida are atleast 30 kms from the CBD Residential locations on NH24 Ghaziabad and NH 2 Faridabad are about 35 kms and 27 kms respectivelyfrom the CBD Meanwhile if households especially those in the income categoryof Rs3-5 Lakh are willing to compromise on unit
IDENTIFYING AFFORDABILITY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35
H
H
H
H
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38
Objectives
bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments
bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government
and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and
ownership considerations
Diversity of affordable
housing
The affordable housingdevelopment provides
bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor
bull apartments
Car parking
Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site
Location of affordable
housing
Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices
PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39
Objectives
Integrating affordable housing
Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site
Suggested responses
INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury
40
Objectives
bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes
PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space
Addressing public space
A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)
Privacy within the development
Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces
Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous
SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41
41
External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users
Carparking and streetpresentation
The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures
Planting
Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development
Territoriality
bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated
bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42
Objectives
bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing
bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing
All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like
External entry areas
Internal entry areas
Livingdining areas
Kitchens
Bathrooms
Hallways
Bedrooms
Storage Area
Clothes Drying
Stairs and lifts( as per
NBC)
Open space
Security Adaptable housing
DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43
Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space
SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY
For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street
FRONT OPEN SPACES
OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44
44
Residential and Commercial Zones
In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of
more in residential and commercial zones the community open
spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as
far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the
use of the community in clusters or pockets
The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the
needs of area of layout population for which the layout is
planned and the category of dwelling units The following
minimum provision shall be made
a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or
b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open
spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons
No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm
the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of
recreational open space
Community open spaces and amenities
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45
Width of Means of Access
The residential plots shall abut
on a public means of access
like street-oad Plots which do
not abut on a streethoad shall
abuthont on a means of access
the width and other
requirements of which shall be
as given in Table 1
In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m
MEANS OF ACCESS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46
In the case of special housing schemes for low income group
and economically weaker section of society developed up to two
storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway
width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The
pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each
side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more
than 50 m
No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails
Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline
MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48
Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively
NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted
2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49
Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster
DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed
Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families
Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51
Life style
Affordability
Social Classification
Life style
SALARY CLASS
BUSINESS CLASS
BOTH WORKING
JOINT FAMILY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52
Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi
Zone ndashF
a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)
LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53
The component method of design provides a broad frame work for
achieving the described life style objectives
HOUSING COMPONENT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 19
DEMAND SUPPLY DYNAMICS
bull Short Supply of residential dwellingsbull Supply shortfall existing since post
independencebull In 2005 estimated demand is 2095
million supply is 1897 Millionbull Demand ndash Supply gap is narrowing
bull Low supply of housing for low
income earners
bull As per 11th 5 year plan
- Shortage of 2471 million
dwellings
- Close to 99 of shortage in
EWS amp LIG segment
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 20
BIRTH AND MIGRATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 21
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 22
POPULATION AND HOUSING
PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF ROOMS
OCCUPIED 1961 ndash 2001( in million )
No of Rooms
occupied 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001
One Room 531 50 458 396 351
Two Rooms 247 27 278 304 295
Three Rooms 103 114 122 148 171
Four or more
Rooms 111 114 121 147 159
No Exclusive
rooms 09 02 21 004 23
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
One Room Two Rooms Three
Rooms
Four or
more
Rooms
No
Exclusive
rooms
d
istr
ibut
ion
of h
ouse
hold
s
Approximate 50 of the households has two and three bed room dwelling units
Source Census of India 2001
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 23
Populatio
n
Residents
with
Buying
Power
Populatio
n under 20
Per
Capita
Income
GDP
Growth
Rate
Housing
Shortage
Estimate
1065
billion
300
million
58 $539 8 22 million
India Demographics Housing Shortage
Housing shortage at the beginning of 11th Five
Year Plan (142007)
2471 million
dwelling units
Additional Housing Requirement for the 11th
Plan ( 2007-2012)
182 million dwelling
units
Total housing requirement during 11th Plan
Period including the carried over housing shortage
2653 Million
dwelling units
TOTAL HOUSING SHORTAGE
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 24
CATEGORY VISE HOUSING SHORTAGE
Estimated Urban Housing Unit Shortage as on 142007
More than 99 shortage is for EWSLIG segments
Total 2471 m 10000EWS 2178 m 8814LIG 289 m 1169MIG amp HIG 004 m 016
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 25
28
46
618
Source Annual Report 2006-07 MoHUPA
Slum Population as age of total urban population is given in parenthesis
GROWTH OF SLUMS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 26
The housing requirement for the Rs3-10 Lakh income group is approx206 million units by 2011translating to a market size of Rs3300billion or USD 66 billion
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 27
SUGGESTED PARAMETER FOR HOUSING
EWS LIG MIG
Size 300-600 sq ft carpet area Not exceeding 1200 sq ft
carpet area
Cost Not exceeding 4 times
household gross annual
income
Not exceeding 5 times
household gross annual
income
EMIRent Not exceeding 30 of gross
monthly income
Not exceeding 40 of gross
monthly income
AFFORDABLE HOUSING THE CONCEPT AND ISSUES
Difficult to adopt a lsquoone-size-fits-allrsquo concept
Government should undertake a separate exercise to estimate the number of
households falling under the lsquoaffordable housingrsquo category
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 28
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 29
NCR revealed a number of interesting facts during the household survey carriedout in order to ascertain the affordability of the various income groups at citylevel Table 6 depicts in detail the maximum affordable EMI of households invarious income levels This EMI has been estimated from the annual income ofhousehold and its spending and saving behaviour The maximum EMI has beentranslated into affordable house property value based on an assumed interestrate loan tenure and loan to value ratio The table also shows the capital valuesthat the households will have to pay keeping in view the preferred house size andthe affordable house property value An interesting point that was inferred fromthe survey results was that the income groups of Rs3-5 Lakh and Rs5-6 Lakhpreferred similar sized units for their housing needs Both the income categoriesexpressed the area of their residential units in the range of 700-800 sqftHowever while this allows the lower income group to purchase a property withan average price of Rs2300sqft the same enabled the higher income group ofRs5-6 lakh to opt for properties in the range of Rs2900-3650sqft MeanwhileNCR spanning a larger area with vast land parcels available for residentialdevelopment provides varied location options for the residents of the city tofulfill their housing needs The category of households with income of Rs6 lakhand above can afford residential units in select pockets of the newly developedzones in Gurgaon Noida as well as along NH-2 and NH-24 Though these locationssuit the budget preference of households they are located about 30 kms from theCBD area of Delhi ie Connaught Place For example residential locations inGurgaon and Noida are atleast 30 kms from the CBD Residential locations on NH24 Ghaziabad and NH 2 Faridabad are about 35 kms and 27 kms respectivelyfrom the CBD Meanwhile if households especially those in the income categoryof Rs3-5 Lakh are willing to compromise on unit
IDENTIFYING AFFORDABILITY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35
H
H
H
H
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38
Objectives
bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments
bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government
and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and
ownership considerations
Diversity of affordable
housing
The affordable housingdevelopment provides
bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor
bull apartments
Car parking
Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site
Location of affordable
housing
Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices
PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39
Objectives
Integrating affordable housing
Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site
Suggested responses
INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury
40
Objectives
bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes
PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space
Addressing public space
A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)
Privacy within the development
Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces
Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous
SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41
41
External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users
Carparking and streetpresentation
The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures
Planting
Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development
Territoriality
bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated
bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42
Objectives
bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing
bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing
All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like
External entry areas
Internal entry areas
Livingdining areas
Kitchens
Bathrooms
Hallways
Bedrooms
Storage Area
Clothes Drying
Stairs and lifts( as per
NBC)
Open space
Security Adaptable housing
DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43
Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space
SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY
For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street
FRONT OPEN SPACES
OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44
44
Residential and Commercial Zones
In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of
more in residential and commercial zones the community open
spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as
far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the
use of the community in clusters or pockets
The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the
needs of area of layout population for which the layout is
planned and the category of dwelling units The following
minimum provision shall be made
a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or
b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open
spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons
No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm
the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of
recreational open space
Community open spaces and amenities
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45
Width of Means of Access
The residential plots shall abut
on a public means of access
like street-oad Plots which do
not abut on a streethoad shall
abuthont on a means of access
the width and other
requirements of which shall be
as given in Table 1
In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m
MEANS OF ACCESS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46
In the case of special housing schemes for low income group
and economically weaker section of society developed up to two
storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway
width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The
pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each
side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more
than 50 m
No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails
Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline
MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48
Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively
NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted
2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49
Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster
DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed
Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families
Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51
Life style
Affordability
Social Classification
Life style
SALARY CLASS
BUSINESS CLASS
BOTH WORKING
JOINT FAMILY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52
Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi
Zone ndashF
a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)
LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53
The component method of design provides a broad frame work for
achieving the described life style objectives
HOUSING COMPONENT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 20
BIRTH AND MIGRATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 21
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 22
POPULATION AND HOUSING
PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF ROOMS
OCCUPIED 1961 ndash 2001( in million )
No of Rooms
occupied 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001
One Room 531 50 458 396 351
Two Rooms 247 27 278 304 295
Three Rooms 103 114 122 148 171
Four or more
Rooms 111 114 121 147 159
No Exclusive
rooms 09 02 21 004 23
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
One Room Two Rooms Three
Rooms
Four or
more
Rooms
No
Exclusive
rooms
d
istr
ibut
ion
of h
ouse
hold
s
Approximate 50 of the households has two and three bed room dwelling units
Source Census of India 2001
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 23
Populatio
n
Residents
with
Buying
Power
Populatio
n under 20
Per
Capita
Income
GDP
Growth
Rate
Housing
Shortage
Estimate
1065
billion
300
million
58 $539 8 22 million
India Demographics Housing Shortage
Housing shortage at the beginning of 11th Five
Year Plan (142007)
2471 million
dwelling units
Additional Housing Requirement for the 11th
Plan ( 2007-2012)
182 million dwelling
units
Total housing requirement during 11th Plan
Period including the carried over housing shortage
2653 Million
dwelling units
TOTAL HOUSING SHORTAGE
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 24
CATEGORY VISE HOUSING SHORTAGE
Estimated Urban Housing Unit Shortage as on 142007
More than 99 shortage is for EWSLIG segments
Total 2471 m 10000EWS 2178 m 8814LIG 289 m 1169MIG amp HIG 004 m 016
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 25
28
46
618
Source Annual Report 2006-07 MoHUPA
Slum Population as age of total urban population is given in parenthesis
GROWTH OF SLUMS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 26
The housing requirement for the Rs3-10 Lakh income group is approx206 million units by 2011translating to a market size of Rs3300billion or USD 66 billion
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 27
SUGGESTED PARAMETER FOR HOUSING
EWS LIG MIG
Size 300-600 sq ft carpet area Not exceeding 1200 sq ft
carpet area
Cost Not exceeding 4 times
household gross annual
income
Not exceeding 5 times
household gross annual
income
EMIRent Not exceeding 30 of gross
monthly income
Not exceeding 40 of gross
monthly income
AFFORDABLE HOUSING THE CONCEPT AND ISSUES
Difficult to adopt a lsquoone-size-fits-allrsquo concept
Government should undertake a separate exercise to estimate the number of
households falling under the lsquoaffordable housingrsquo category
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 28
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 29
NCR revealed a number of interesting facts during the household survey carriedout in order to ascertain the affordability of the various income groups at citylevel Table 6 depicts in detail the maximum affordable EMI of households invarious income levels This EMI has been estimated from the annual income ofhousehold and its spending and saving behaviour The maximum EMI has beentranslated into affordable house property value based on an assumed interestrate loan tenure and loan to value ratio The table also shows the capital valuesthat the households will have to pay keeping in view the preferred house size andthe affordable house property value An interesting point that was inferred fromthe survey results was that the income groups of Rs3-5 Lakh and Rs5-6 Lakhpreferred similar sized units for their housing needs Both the income categoriesexpressed the area of their residential units in the range of 700-800 sqftHowever while this allows the lower income group to purchase a property withan average price of Rs2300sqft the same enabled the higher income group ofRs5-6 lakh to opt for properties in the range of Rs2900-3650sqft MeanwhileNCR spanning a larger area with vast land parcels available for residentialdevelopment provides varied location options for the residents of the city tofulfill their housing needs The category of households with income of Rs6 lakhand above can afford residential units in select pockets of the newly developedzones in Gurgaon Noida as well as along NH-2 and NH-24 Though these locationssuit the budget preference of households they are located about 30 kms from theCBD area of Delhi ie Connaught Place For example residential locations inGurgaon and Noida are atleast 30 kms from the CBD Residential locations on NH24 Ghaziabad and NH 2 Faridabad are about 35 kms and 27 kms respectivelyfrom the CBD Meanwhile if households especially those in the income categoryof Rs3-5 Lakh are willing to compromise on unit
IDENTIFYING AFFORDABILITY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35
H
H
H
H
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38
Objectives
bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments
bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government
and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and
ownership considerations
Diversity of affordable
housing
The affordable housingdevelopment provides
bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor
bull apartments
Car parking
Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site
Location of affordable
housing
Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices
PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39
Objectives
Integrating affordable housing
Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site
Suggested responses
INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury
40
Objectives
bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes
PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space
Addressing public space
A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)
Privacy within the development
Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces
Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous
SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41
41
External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users
Carparking and streetpresentation
The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures
Planting
Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development
Territoriality
bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated
bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42
Objectives
bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing
bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing
All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like
External entry areas
Internal entry areas
Livingdining areas
Kitchens
Bathrooms
Hallways
Bedrooms
Storage Area
Clothes Drying
Stairs and lifts( as per
NBC)
Open space
Security Adaptable housing
DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43
Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space
SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY
For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street
FRONT OPEN SPACES
OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44
44
Residential and Commercial Zones
In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of
more in residential and commercial zones the community open
spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as
far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the
use of the community in clusters or pockets
The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the
needs of area of layout population for which the layout is
planned and the category of dwelling units The following
minimum provision shall be made
a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or
b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open
spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons
No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm
the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of
recreational open space
Community open spaces and amenities
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45
Width of Means of Access
The residential plots shall abut
on a public means of access
like street-oad Plots which do
not abut on a streethoad shall
abuthont on a means of access
the width and other
requirements of which shall be
as given in Table 1
In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m
MEANS OF ACCESS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46
In the case of special housing schemes for low income group
and economically weaker section of society developed up to two
storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway
width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The
pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each
side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more
than 50 m
No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails
Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline
MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48
Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively
NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted
2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49
Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster
DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed
Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families
Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51
Life style
Affordability
Social Classification
Life style
SALARY CLASS
BUSINESS CLASS
BOTH WORKING
JOINT FAMILY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52
Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi
Zone ndashF
a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)
LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53
The component method of design provides a broad frame work for
achieving the described life style objectives
HOUSING COMPONENT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 21
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 22
POPULATION AND HOUSING
PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF ROOMS
OCCUPIED 1961 ndash 2001( in million )
No of Rooms
occupied 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001
One Room 531 50 458 396 351
Two Rooms 247 27 278 304 295
Three Rooms 103 114 122 148 171
Four or more
Rooms 111 114 121 147 159
No Exclusive
rooms 09 02 21 004 23
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
One Room Two Rooms Three
Rooms
Four or
more
Rooms
No
Exclusive
rooms
d
istr
ibut
ion
of h
ouse
hold
s
Approximate 50 of the households has two and three bed room dwelling units
Source Census of India 2001
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 23
Populatio
n
Residents
with
Buying
Power
Populatio
n under 20
Per
Capita
Income
GDP
Growth
Rate
Housing
Shortage
Estimate
1065
billion
300
million
58 $539 8 22 million
India Demographics Housing Shortage
Housing shortage at the beginning of 11th Five
Year Plan (142007)
2471 million
dwelling units
Additional Housing Requirement for the 11th
Plan ( 2007-2012)
182 million dwelling
units
Total housing requirement during 11th Plan
Period including the carried over housing shortage
2653 Million
dwelling units
TOTAL HOUSING SHORTAGE
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 24
CATEGORY VISE HOUSING SHORTAGE
Estimated Urban Housing Unit Shortage as on 142007
More than 99 shortage is for EWSLIG segments
Total 2471 m 10000EWS 2178 m 8814LIG 289 m 1169MIG amp HIG 004 m 016
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 25
28
46
618
Source Annual Report 2006-07 MoHUPA
Slum Population as age of total urban population is given in parenthesis
GROWTH OF SLUMS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 26
The housing requirement for the Rs3-10 Lakh income group is approx206 million units by 2011translating to a market size of Rs3300billion or USD 66 billion
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 27
SUGGESTED PARAMETER FOR HOUSING
EWS LIG MIG
Size 300-600 sq ft carpet area Not exceeding 1200 sq ft
carpet area
Cost Not exceeding 4 times
household gross annual
income
Not exceeding 5 times
household gross annual
income
EMIRent Not exceeding 30 of gross
monthly income
Not exceeding 40 of gross
monthly income
AFFORDABLE HOUSING THE CONCEPT AND ISSUES
Difficult to adopt a lsquoone-size-fits-allrsquo concept
Government should undertake a separate exercise to estimate the number of
households falling under the lsquoaffordable housingrsquo category
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 28
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 29
NCR revealed a number of interesting facts during the household survey carriedout in order to ascertain the affordability of the various income groups at citylevel Table 6 depicts in detail the maximum affordable EMI of households invarious income levels This EMI has been estimated from the annual income ofhousehold and its spending and saving behaviour The maximum EMI has beentranslated into affordable house property value based on an assumed interestrate loan tenure and loan to value ratio The table also shows the capital valuesthat the households will have to pay keeping in view the preferred house size andthe affordable house property value An interesting point that was inferred fromthe survey results was that the income groups of Rs3-5 Lakh and Rs5-6 Lakhpreferred similar sized units for their housing needs Both the income categoriesexpressed the area of their residential units in the range of 700-800 sqftHowever while this allows the lower income group to purchase a property withan average price of Rs2300sqft the same enabled the higher income group ofRs5-6 lakh to opt for properties in the range of Rs2900-3650sqft MeanwhileNCR spanning a larger area with vast land parcels available for residentialdevelopment provides varied location options for the residents of the city tofulfill their housing needs The category of households with income of Rs6 lakhand above can afford residential units in select pockets of the newly developedzones in Gurgaon Noida as well as along NH-2 and NH-24 Though these locationssuit the budget preference of households they are located about 30 kms from theCBD area of Delhi ie Connaught Place For example residential locations inGurgaon and Noida are atleast 30 kms from the CBD Residential locations on NH24 Ghaziabad and NH 2 Faridabad are about 35 kms and 27 kms respectivelyfrom the CBD Meanwhile if households especially those in the income categoryof Rs3-5 Lakh are willing to compromise on unit
IDENTIFYING AFFORDABILITY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35
H
H
H
H
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38
Objectives
bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments
bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government
and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and
ownership considerations
Diversity of affordable
housing
The affordable housingdevelopment provides
bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor
bull apartments
Car parking
Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site
Location of affordable
housing
Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices
PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39
Objectives
Integrating affordable housing
Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site
Suggested responses
INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury
40
Objectives
bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes
PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space
Addressing public space
A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)
Privacy within the development
Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces
Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous
SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41
41
External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users
Carparking and streetpresentation
The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures
Planting
Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development
Territoriality
bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated
bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42
Objectives
bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing
bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing
All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like
External entry areas
Internal entry areas
Livingdining areas
Kitchens
Bathrooms
Hallways
Bedrooms
Storage Area
Clothes Drying
Stairs and lifts( as per
NBC)
Open space
Security Adaptable housing
DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43
Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space
SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY
For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street
FRONT OPEN SPACES
OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44
44
Residential and Commercial Zones
In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of
more in residential and commercial zones the community open
spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as
far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the
use of the community in clusters or pockets
The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the
needs of area of layout population for which the layout is
planned and the category of dwelling units The following
minimum provision shall be made
a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or
b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open
spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons
No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm
the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of
recreational open space
Community open spaces and amenities
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45
Width of Means of Access
The residential plots shall abut
on a public means of access
like street-oad Plots which do
not abut on a streethoad shall
abuthont on a means of access
the width and other
requirements of which shall be
as given in Table 1
In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m
MEANS OF ACCESS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46
In the case of special housing schemes for low income group
and economically weaker section of society developed up to two
storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway
width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The
pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each
side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more
than 50 m
No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails
Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline
MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48
Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively
NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted
2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49
Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster
DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed
Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families
Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51
Life style
Affordability
Social Classification
Life style
SALARY CLASS
BUSINESS CLASS
BOTH WORKING
JOINT FAMILY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52
Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi
Zone ndashF
a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)
LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53
The component method of design provides a broad frame work for
achieving the described life style objectives
HOUSING COMPONENT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 22
POPULATION AND HOUSING
PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF ROOMS
OCCUPIED 1961 ndash 2001( in million )
No of Rooms
occupied 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001
One Room 531 50 458 396 351
Two Rooms 247 27 278 304 295
Three Rooms 103 114 122 148 171
Four or more
Rooms 111 114 121 147 159
No Exclusive
rooms 09 02 21 004 23
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
One Room Two Rooms Three
Rooms
Four or
more
Rooms
No
Exclusive
rooms
d
istr
ibut
ion
of h
ouse
hold
s
Approximate 50 of the households has two and three bed room dwelling units
Source Census of India 2001
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 23
Populatio
n
Residents
with
Buying
Power
Populatio
n under 20
Per
Capita
Income
GDP
Growth
Rate
Housing
Shortage
Estimate
1065
billion
300
million
58 $539 8 22 million
India Demographics Housing Shortage
Housing shortage at the beginning of 11th Five
Year Plan (142007)
2471 million
dwelling units
Additional Housing Requirement for the 11th
Plan ( 2007-2012)
182 million dwelling
units
Total housing requirement during 11th Plan
Period including the carried over housing shortage
2653 Million
dwelling units
TOTAL HOUSING SHORTAGE
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 24
CATEGORY VISE HOUSING SHORTAGE
Estimated Urban Housing Unit Shortage as on 142007
More than 99 shortage is for EWSLIG segments
Total 2471 m 10000EWS 2178 m 8814LIG 289 m 1169MIG amp HIG 004 m 016
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 25
28
46
618
Source Annual Report 2006-07 MoHUPA
Slum Population as age of total urban population is given in parenthesis
GROWTH OF SLUMS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 26
The housing requirement for the Rs3-10 Lakh income group is approx206 million units by 2011translating to a market size of Rs3300billion or USD 66 billion
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 27
SUGGESTED PARAMETER FOR HOUSING
EWS LIG MIG
Size 300-600 sq ft carpet area Not exceeding 1200 sq ft
carpet area
Cost Not exceeding 4 times
household gross annual
income
Not exceeding 5 times
household gross annual
income
EMIRent Not exceeding 30 of gross
monthly income
Not exceeding 40 of gross
monthly income
AFFORDABLE HOUSING THE CONCEPT AND ISSUES
Difficult to adopt a lsquoone-size-fits-allrsquo concept
Government should undertake a separate exercise to estimate the number of
households falling under the lsquoaffordable housingrsquo category
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 28
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 29
NCR revealed a number of interesting facts during the household survey carriedout in order to ascertain the affordability of the various income groups at citylevel Table 6 depicts in detail the maximum affordable EMI of households invarious income levels This EMI has been estimated from the annual income ofhousehold and its spending and saving behaviour The maximum EMI has beentranslated into affordable house property value based on an assumed interestrate loan tenure and loan to value ratio The table also shows the capital valuesthat the households will have to pay keeping in view the preferred house size andthe affordable house property value An interesting point that was inferred fromthe survey results was that the income groups of Rs3-5 Lakh and Rs5-6 Lakhpreferred similar sized units for their housing needs Both the income categoriesexpressed the area of their residential units in the range of 700-800 sqftHowever while this allows the lower income group to purchase a property withan average price of Rs2300sqft the same enabled the higher income group ofRs5-6 lakh to opt for properties in the range of Rs2900-3650sqft MeanwhileNCR spanning a larger area with vast land parcels available for residentialdevelopment provides varied location options for the residents of the city tofulfill their housing needs The category of households with income of Rs6 lakhand above can afford residential units in select pockets of the newly developedzones in Gurgaon Noida as well as along NH-2 and NH-24 Though these locationssuit the budget preference of households they are located about 30 kms from theCBD area of Delhi ie Connaught Place For example residential locations inGurgaon and Noida are atleast 30 kms from the CBD Residential locations on NH24 Ghaziabad and NH 2 Faridabad are about 35 kms and 27 kms respectivelyfrom the CBD Meanwhile if households especially those in the income categoryof Rs3-5 Lakh are willing to compromise on unit
IDENTIFYING AFFORDABILITY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35
H
H
H
H
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38
Objectives
bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments
bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government
and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and
ownership considerations
Diversity of affordable
housing
The affordable housingdevelopment provides
bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor
bull apartments
Car parking
Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site
Location of affordable
housing
Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices
PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39
Objectives
Integrating affordable housing
Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site
Suggested responses
INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury
40
Objectives
bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes
PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space
Addressing public space
A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)
Privacy within the development
Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces
Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous
SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41
41
External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users
Carparking and streetpresentation
The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures
Planting
Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development
Territoriality
bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated
bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42
Objectives
bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing
bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing
All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like
External entry areas
Internal entry areas
Livingdining areas
Kitchens
Bathrooms
Hallways
Bedrooms
Storage Area
Clothes Drying
Stairs and lifts( as per
NBC)
Open space
Security Adaptable housing
DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43
Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space
SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY
For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street
FRONT OPEN SPACES
OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44
44
Residential and Commercial Zones
In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of
more in residential and commercial zones the community open
spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as
far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the
use of the community in clusters or pockets
The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the
needs of area of layout population for which the layout is
planned and the category of dwelling units The following
minimum provision shall be made
a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or
b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open
spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons
No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm
the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of
recreational open space
Community open spaces and amenities
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45
Width of Means of Access
The residential plots shall abut
on a public means of access
like street-oad Plots which do
not abut on a streethoad shall
abuthont on a means of access
the width and other
requirements of which shall be
as given in Table 1
In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m
MEANS OF ACCESS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46
In the case of special housing schemes for low income group
and economically weaker section of society developed up to two
storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway
width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The
pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each
side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more
than 50 m
No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails
Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline
MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48
Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively
NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted
2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49
Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster
DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed
Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families
Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51
Life style
Affordability
Social Classification
Life style
SALARY CLASS
BUSINESS CLASS
BOTH WORKING
JOINT FAMILY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52
Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi
Zone ndashF
a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)
LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53
The component method of design provides a broad frame work for
achieving the described life style objectives
HOUSING COMPONENT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 23
Populatio
n
Residents
with
Buying
Power
Populatio
n under 20
Per
Capita
Income
GDP
Growth
Rate
Housing
Shortage
Estimate
1065
billion
300
million
58 $539 8 22 million
India Demographics Housing Shortage
Housing shortage at the beginning of 11th Five
Year Plan (142007)
2471 million
dwelling units
Additional Housing Requirement for the 11th
Plan ( 2007-2012)
182 million dwelling
units
Total housing requirement during 11th Plan
Period including the carried over housing shortage
2653 Million
dwelling units
TOTAL HOUSING SHORTAGE
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 24
CATEGORY VISE HOUSING SHORTAGE
Estimated Urban Housing Unit Shortage as on 142007
More than 99 shortage is for EWSLIG segments
Total 2471 m 10000EWS 2178 m 8814LIG 289 m 1169MIG amp HIG 004 m 016
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 25
28
46
618
Source Annual Report 2006-07 MoHUPA
Slum Population as age of total urban population is given in parenthesis
GROWTH OF SLUMS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 26
The housing requirement for the Rs3-10 Lakh income group is approx206 million units by 2011translating to a market size of Rs3300billion or USD 66 billion
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 27
SUGGESTED PARAMETER FOR HOUSING
EWS LIG MIG
Size 300-600 sq ft carpet area Not exceeding 1200 sq ft
carpet area
Cost Not exceeding 4 times
household gross annual
income
Not exceeding 5 times
household gross annual
income
EMIRent Not exceeding 30 of gross
monthly income
Not exceeding 40 of gross
monthly income
AFFORDABLE HOUSING THE CONCEPT AND ISSUES
Difficult to adopt a lsquoone-size-fits-allrsquo concept
Government should undertake a separate exercise to estimate the number of
households falling under the lsquoaffordable housingrsquo category
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 28
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 29
NCR revealed a number of interesting facts during the household survey carriedout in order to ascertain the affordability of the various income groups at citylevel Table 6 depicts in detail the maximum affordable EMI of households invarious income levels This EMI has been estimated from the annual income ofhousehold and its spending and saving behaviour The maximum EMI has beentranslated into affordable house property value based on an assumed interestrate loan tenure and loan to value ratio The table also shows the capital valuesthat the households will have to pay keeping in view the preferred house size andthe affordable house property value An interesting point that was inferred fromthe survey results was that the income groups of Rs3-5 Lakh and Rs5-6 Lakhpreferred similar sized units for their housing needs Both the income categoriesexpressed the area of their residential units in the range of 700-800 sqftHowever while this allows the lower income group to purchase a property withan average price of Rs2300sqft the same enabled the higher income group ofRs5-6 lakh to opt for properties in the range of Rs2900-3650sqft MeanwhileNCR spanning a larger area with vast land parcels available for residentialdevelopment provides varied location options for the residents of the city tofulfill their housing needs The category of households with income of Rs6 lakhand above can afford residential units in select pockets of the newly developedzones in Gurgaon Noida as well as along NH-2 and NH-24 Though these locationssuit the budget preference of households they are located about 30 kms from theCBD area of Delhi ie Connaught Place For example residential locations inGurgaon and Noida are atleast 30 kms from the CBD Residential locations on NH24 Ghaziabad and NH 2 Faridabad are about 35 kms and 27 kms respectivelyfrom the CBD Meanwhile if households especially those in the income categoryof Rs3-5 Lakh are willing to compromise on unit
IDENTIFYING AFFORDABILITY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35
H
H
H
H
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38
Objectives
bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments
bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government
and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and
ownership considerations
Diversity of affordable
housing
The affordable housingdevelopment provides
bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor
bull apartments
Car parking
Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site
Location of affordable
housing
Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices
PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39
Objectives
Integrating affordable housing
Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site
Suggested responses
INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury
40
Objectives
bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes
PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space
Addressing public space
A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)
Privacy within the development
Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces
Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous
SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41
41
External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users
Carparking and streetpresentation
The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures
Planting
Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development
Territoriality
bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated
bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42
Objectives
bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing
bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing
All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like
External entry areas
Internal entry areas
Livingdining areas
Kitchens
Bathrooms
Hallways
Bedrooms
Storage Area
Clothes Drying
Stairs and lifts( as per
NBC)
Open space
Security Adaptable housing
DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43
Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space
SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY
For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street
FRONT OPEN SPACES
OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44
44
Residential and Commercial Zones
In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of
more in residential and commercial zones the community open
spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as
far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the
use of the community in clusters or pockets
The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the
needs of area of layout population for which the layout is
planned and the category of dwelling units The following
minimum provision shall be made
a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or
b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open
spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons
No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm
the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of
recreational open space
Community open spaces and amenities
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45
Width of Means of Access
The residential plots shall abut
on a public means of access
like street-oad Plots which do
not abut on a streethoad shall
abuthont on a means of access
the width and other
requirements of which shall be
as given in Table 1
In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m
MEANS OF ACCESS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46
In the case of special housing schemes for low income group
and economically weaker section of society developed up to two
storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway
width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The
pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each
side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more
than 50 m
No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails
Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline
MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48
Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively
NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted
2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49
Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster
DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed
Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families
Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51
Life style
Affordability
Social Classification
Life style
SALARY CLASS
BUSINESS CLASS
BOTH WORKING
JOINT FAMILY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52
Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi
Zone ndashF
a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)
LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53
The component method of design provides a broad frame work for
achieving the described life style objectives
HOUSING COMPONENT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 24
CATEGORY VISE HOUSING SHORTAGE
Estimated Urban Housing Unit Shortage as on 142007
More than 99 shortage is for EWSLIG segments
Total 2471 m 10000EWS 2178 m 8814LIG 289 m 1169MIG amp HIG 004 m 016
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 25
28
46
618
Source Annual Report 2006-07 MoHUPA
Slum Population as age of total urban population is given in parenthesis
GROWTH OF SLUMS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 26
The housing requirement for the Rs3-10 Lakh income group is approx206 million units by 2011translating to a market size of Rs3300billion or USD 66 billion
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 27
SUGGESTED PARAMETER FOR HOUSING
EWS LIG MIG
Size 300-600 sq ft carpet area Not exceeding 1200 sq ft
carpet area
Cost Not exceeding 4 times
household gross annual
income
Not exceeding 5 times
household gross annual
income
EMIRent Not exceeding 30 of gross
monthly income
Not exceeding 40 of gross
monthly income
AFFORDABLE HOUSING THE CONCEPT AND ISSUES
Difficult to adopt a lsquoone-size-fits-allrsquo concept
Government should undertake a separate exercise to estimate the number of
households falling under the lsquoaffordable housingrsquo category
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 28
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 29
NCR revealed a number of interesting facts during the household survey carriedout in order to ascertain the affordability of the various income groups at citylevel Table 6 depicts in detail the maximum affordable EMI of households invarious income levels This EMI has been estimated from the annual income ofhousehold and its spending and saving behaviour The maximum EMI has beentranslated into affordable house property value based on an assumed interestrate loan tenure and loan to value ratio The table also shows the capital valuesthat the households will have to pay keeping in view the preferred house size andthe affordable house property value An interesting point that was inferred fromthe survey results was that the income groups of Rs3-5 Lakh and Rs5-6 Lakhpreferred similar sized units for their housing needs Both the income categoriesexpressed the area of their residential units in the range of 700-800 sqftHowever while this allows the lower income group to purchase a property withan average price of Rs2300sqft the same enabled the higher income group ofRs5-6 lakh to opt for properties in the range of Rs2900-3650sqft MeanwhileNCR spanning a larger area with vast land parcels available for residentialdevelopment provides varied location options for the residents of the city tofulfill their housing needs The category of households with income of Rs6 lakhand above can afford residential units in select pockets of the newly developedzones in Gurgaon Noida as well as along NH-2 and NH-24 Though these locationssuit the budget preference of households they are located about 30 kms from theCBD area of Delhi ie Connaught Place For example residential locations inGurgaon and Noida are atleast 30 kms from the CBD Residential locations on NH24 Ghaziabad and NH 2 Faridabad are about 35 kms and 27 kms respectivelyfrom the CBD Meanwhile if households especially those in the income categoryof Rs3-5 Lakh are willing to compromise on unit
IDENTIFYING AFFORDABILITY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35
H
H
H
H
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38
Objectives
bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments
bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government
and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and
ownership considerations
Diversity of affordable
housing
The affordable housingdevelopment provides
bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor
bull apartments
Car parking
Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site
Location of affordable
housing
Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices
PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39
Objectives
Integrating affordable housing
Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site
Suggested responses
INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury
40
Objectives
bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes
PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space
Addressing public space
A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)
Privacy within the development
Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces
Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous
SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41
41
External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users
Carparking and streetpresentation
The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures
Planting
Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development
Territoriality
bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated
bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42
Objectives
bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing
bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing
All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like
External entry areas
Internal entry areas
Livingdining areas
Kitchens
Bathrooms
Hallways
Bedrooms
Storage Area
Clothes Drying
Stairs and lifts( as per
NBC)
Open space
Security Adaptable housing
DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43
Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space
SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY
For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street
FRONT OPEN SPACES
OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44
44
Residential and Commercial Zones
In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of
more in residential and commercial zones the community open
spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as
far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the
use of the community in clusters or pockets
The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the
needs of area of layout population for which the layout is
planned and the category of dwelling units The following
minimum provision shall be made
a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or
b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open
spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons
No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm
the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of
recreational open space
Community open spaces and amenities
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45
Width of Means of Access
The residential plots shall abut
on a public means of access
like street-oad Plots which do
not abut on a streethoad shall
abuthont on a means of access
the width and other
requirements of which shall be
as given in Table 1
In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m
MEANS OF ACCESS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46
In the case of special housing schemes for low income group
and economically weaker section of society developed up to two
storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway
width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The
pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each
side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more
than 50 m
No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails
Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline
MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48
Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively
NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted
2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49
Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster
DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed
Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families
Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51
Life style
Affordability
Social Classification
Life style
SALARY CLASS
BUSINESS CLASS
BOTH WORKING
JOINT FAMILY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52
Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi
Zone ndashF
a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)
LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53
The component method of design provides a broad frame work for
achieving the described life style objectives
HOUSING COMPONENT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 25
28
46
618
Source Annual Report 2006-07 MoHUPA
Slum Population as age of total urban population is given in parenthesis
GROWTH OF SLUMS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 26
The housing requirement for the Rs3-10 Lakh income group is approx206 million units by 2011translating to a market size of Rs3300billion or USD 66 billion
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 27
SUGGESTED PARAMETER FOR HOUSING
EWS LIG MIG
Size 300-600 sq ft carpet area Not exceeding 1200 sq ft
carpet area
Cost Not exceeding 4 times
household gross annual
income
Not exceeding 5 times
household gross annual
income
EMIRent Not exceeding 30 of gross
monthly income
Not exceeding 40 of gross
monthly income
AFFORDABLE HOUSING THE CONCEPT AND ISSUES
Difficult to adopt a lsquoone-size-fits-allrsquo concept
Government should undertake a separate exercise to estimate the number of
households falling under the lsquoaffordable housingrsquo category
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 28
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 29
NCR revealed a number of interesting facts during the household survey carriedout in order to ascertain the affordability of the various income groups at citylevel Table 6 depicts in detail the maximum affordable EMI of households invarious income levels This EMI has been estimated from the annual income ofhousehold and its spending and saving behaviour The maximum EMI has beentranslated into affordable house property value based on an assumed interestrate loan tenure and loan to value ratio The table also shows the capital valuesthat the households will have to pay keeping in view the preferred house size andthe affordable house property value An interesting point that was inferred fromthe survey results was that the income groups of Rs3-5 Lakh and Rs5-6 Lakhpreferred similar sized units for their housing needs Both the income categoriesexpressed the area of their residential units in the range of 700-800 sqftHowever while this allows the lower income group to purchase a property withan average price of Rs2300sqft the same enabled the higher income group ofRs5-6 lakh to opt for properties in the range of Rs2900-3650sqft MeanwhileNCR spanning a larger area with vast land parcels available for residentialdevelopment provides varied location options for the residents of the city tofulfill their housing needs The category of households with income of Rs6 lakhand above can afford residential units in select pockets of the newly developedzones in Gurgaon Noida as well as along NH-2 and NH-24 Though these locationssuit the budget preference of households they are located about 30 kms from theCBD area of Delhi ie Connaught Place For example residential locations inGurgaon and Noida are atleast 30 kms from the CBD Residential locations on NH24 Ghaziabad and NH 2 Faridabad are about 35 kms and 27 kms respectivelyfrom the CBD Meanwhile if households especially those in the income categoryof Rs3-5 Lakh are willing to compromise on unit
IDENTIFYING AFFORDABILITY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35
H
H
H
H
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38
Objectives
bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments
bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government
and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and
ownership considerations
Diversity of affordable
housing
The affordable housingdevelopment provides
bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor
bull apartments
Car parking
Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site
Location of affordable
housing
Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices
PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39
Objectives
Integrating affordable housing
Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site
Suggested responses
INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury
40
Objectives
bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes
PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space
Addressing public space
A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)
Privacy within the development
Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces
Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous
SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41
41
External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users
Carparking and streetpresentation
The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures
Planting
Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development
Territoriality
bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated
bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42
Objectives
bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing
bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing
All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like
External entry areas
Internal entry areas
Livingdining areas
Kitchens
Bathrooms
Hallways
Bedrooms
Storage Area
Clothes Drying
Stairs and lifts( as per
NBC)
Open space
Security Adaptable housing
DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43
Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space
SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY
For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street
FRONT OPEN SPACES
OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44
44
Residential and Commercial Zones
In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of
more in residential and commercial zones the community open
spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as
far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the
use of the community in clusters or pockets
The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the
needs of area of layout population for which the layout is
planned and the category of dwelling units The following
minimum provision shall be made
a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or
b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open
spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons
No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm
the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of
recreational open space
Community open spaces and amenities
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45
Width of Means of Access
The residential plots shall abut
on a public means of access
like street-oad Plots which do
not abut on a streethoad shall
abuthont on a means of access
the width and other
requirements of which shall be
as given in Table 1
In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m
MEANS OF ACCESS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46
In the case of special housing schemes for low income group
and economically weaker section of society developed up to two
storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway
width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The
pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each
side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more
than 50 m
No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails
Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline
MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48
Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively
NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted
2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49
Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster
DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed
Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families
Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51
Life style
Affordability
Social Classification
Life style
SALARY CLASS
BUSINESS CLASS
BOTH WORKING
JOINT FAMILY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52
Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi
Zone ndashF
a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)
LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53
The component method of design provides a broad frame work for
achieving the described life style objectives
HOUSING COMPONENT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 26
The housing requirement for the Rs3-10 Lakh income group is approx206 million units by 2011translating to a market size of Rs3300billion or USD 66 billion
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 27
SUGGESTED PARAMETER FOR HOUSING
EWS LIG MIG
Size 300-600 sq ft carpet area Not exceeding 1200 sq ft
carpet area
Cost Not exceeding 4 times
household gross annual
income
Not exceeding 5 times
household gross annual
income
EMIRent Not exceeding 30 of gross
monthly income
Not exceeding 40 of gross
monthly income
AFFORDABLE HOUSING THE CONCEPT AND ISSUES
Difficult to adopt a lsquoone-size-fits-allrsquo concept
Government should undertake a separate exercise to estimate the number of
households falling under the lsquoaffordable housingrsquo category
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 28
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 29
NCR revealed a number of interesting facts during the household survey carriedout in order to ascertain the affordability of the various income groups at citylevel Table 6 depicts in detail the maximum affordable EMI of households invarious income levels This EMI has been estimated from the annual income ofhousehold and its spending and saving behaviour The maximum EMI has beentranslated into affordable house property value based on an assumed interestrate loan tenure and loan to value ratio The table also shows the capital valuesthat the households will have to pay keeping in view the preferred house size andthe affordable house property value An interesting point that was inferred fromthe survey results was that the income groups of Rs3-5 Lakh and Rs5-6 Lakhpreferred similar sized units for their housing needs Both the income categoriesexpressed the area of their residential units in the range of 700-800 sqftHowever while this allows the lower income group to purchase a property withan average price of Rs2300sqft the same enabled the higher income group ofRs5-6 lakh to opt for properties in the range of Rs2900-3650sqft MeanwhileNCR spanning a larger area with vast land parcels available for residentialdevelopment provides varied location options for the residents of the city tofulfill their housing needs The category of households with income of Rs6 lakhand above can afford residential units in select pockets of the newly developedzones in Gurgaon Noida as well as along NH-2 and NH-24 Though these locationssuit the budget preference of households they are located about 30 kms from theCBD area of Delhi ie Connaught Place For example residential locations inGurgaon and Noida are atleast 30 kms from the CBD Residential locations on NH24 Ghaziabad and NH 2 Faridabad are about 35 kms and 27 kms respectivelyfrom the CBD Meanwhile if households especially those in the income categoryof Rs3-5 Lakh are willing to compromise on unit
IDENTIFYING AFFORDABILITY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35
H
H
H
H
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38
Objectives
bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments
bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government
and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and
ownership considerations
Diversity of affordable
housing
The affordable housingdevelopment provides
bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor
bull apartments
Car parking
Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site
Location of affordable
housing
Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices
PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39
Objectives
Integrating affordable housing
Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site
Suggested responses
INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury
40
Objectives
bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes
PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space
Addressing public space
A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)
Privacy within the development
Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces
Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous
SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41
41
External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users
Carparking and streetpresentation
The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures
Planting
Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development
Territoriality
bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated
bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42
Objectives
bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing
bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing
All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like
External entry areas
Internal entry areas
Livingdining areas
Kitchens
Bathrooms
Hallways
Bedrooms
Storage Area
Clothes Drying
Stairs and lifts( as per
NBC)
Open space
Security Adaptable housing
DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43
Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space
SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY
For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street
FRONT OPEN SPACES
OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44
44
Residential and Commercial Zones
In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of
more in residential and commercial zones the community open
spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as
far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the
use of the community in clusters or pockets
The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the
needs of area of layout population for which the layout is
planned and the category of dwelling units The following
minimum provision shall be made
a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or
b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open
spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons
No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm
the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of
recreational open space
Community open spaces and amenities
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45
Width of Means of Access
The residential plots shall abut
on a public means of access
like street-oad Plots which do
not abut on a streethoad shall
abuthont on a means of access
the width and other
requirements of which shall be
as given in Table 1
In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m
MEANS OF ACCESS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46
In the case of special housing schemes for low income group
and economically weaker section of society developed up to two
storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway
width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The
pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each
side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more
than 50 m
No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails
Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline
MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48
Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively
NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted
2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49
Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster
DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed
Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families
Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51
Life style
Affordability
Social Classification
Life style
SALARY CLASS
BUSINESS CLASS
BOTH WORKING
JOINT FAMILY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52
Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi
Zone ndashF
a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)
LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53
The component method of design provides a broad frame work for
achieving the described life style objectives
HOUSING COMPONENT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 27
SUGGESTED PARAMETER FOR HOUSING
EWS LIG MIG
Size 300-600 sq ft carpet area Not exceeding 1200 sq ft
carpet area
Cost Not exceeding 4 times
household gross annual
income
Not exceeding 5 times
household gross annual
income
EMIRent Not exceeding 30 of gross
monthly income
Not exceeding 40 of gross
monthly income
AFFORDABLE HOUSING THE CONCEPT AND ISSUES
Difficult to adopt a lsquoone-size-fits-allrsquo concept
Government should undertake a separate exercise to estimate the number of
households falling under the lsquoaffordable housingrsquo category
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 28
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 29
NCR revealed a number of interesting facts during the household survey carriedout in order to ascertain the affordability of the various income groups at citylevel Table 6 depicts in detail the maximum affordable EMI of households invarious income levels This EMI has been estimated from the annual income ofhousehold and its spending and saving behaviour The maximum EMI has beentranslated into affordable house property value based on an assumed interestrate loan tenure and loan to value ratio The table also shows the capital valuesthat the households will have to pay keeping in view the preferred house size andthe affordable house property value An interesting point that was inferred fromthe survey results was that the income groups of Rs3-5 Lakh and Rs5-6 Lakhpreferred similar sized units for their housing needs Both the income categoriesexpressed the area of their residential units in the range of 700-800 sqftHowever while this allows the lower income group to purchase a property withan average price of Rs2300sqft the same enabled the higher income group ofRs5-6 lakh to opt for properties in the range of Rs2900-3650sqft MeanwhileNCR spanning a larger area with vast land parcels available for residentialdevelopment provides varied location options for the residents of the city tofulfill their housing needs The category of households with income of Rs6 lakhand above can afford residential units in select pockets of the newly developedzones in Gurgaon Noida as well as along NH-2 and NH-24 Though these locationssuit the budget preference of households they are located about 30 kms from theCBD area of Delhi ie Connaught Place For example residential locations inGurgaon and Noida are atleast 30 kms from the CBD Residential locations on NH24 Ghaziabad and NH 2 Faridabad are about 35 kms and 27 kms respectivelyfrom the CBD Meanwhile if households especially those in the income categoryof Rs3-5 Lakh are willing to compromise on unit
IDENTIFYING AFFORDABILITY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35
H
H
H
H
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38
Objectives
bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments
bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government
and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and
ownership considerations
Diversity of affordable
housing
The affordable housingdevelopment provides
bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor
bull apartments
Car parking
Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site
Location of affordable
housing
Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices
PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39
Objectives
Integrating affordable housing
Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site
Suggested responses
INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury
40
Objectives
bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes
PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space
Addressing public space
A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)
Privacy within the development
Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces
Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous
SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41
41
External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users
Carparking and streetpresentation
The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures
Planting
Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development
Territoriality
bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated
bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42
Objectives
bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing
bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing
All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like
External entry areas
Internal entry areas
Livingdining areas
Kitchens
Bathrooms
Hallways
Bedrooms
Storage Area
Clothes Drying
Stairs and lifts( as per
NBC)
Open space
Security Adaptable housing
DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43
Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space
SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY
For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street
FRONT OPEN SPACES
OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44
44
Residential and Commercial Zones
In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of
more in residential and commercial zones the community open
spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as
far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the
use of the community in clusters or pockets
The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the
needs of area of layout population for which the layout is
planned and the category of dwelling units The following
minimum provision shall be made
a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or
b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open
spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons
No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm
the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of
recreational open space
Community open spaces and amenities
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45
Width of Means of Access
The residential plots shall abut
on a public means of access
like street-oad Plots which do
not abut on a streethoad shall
abuthont on a means of access
the width and other
requirements of which shall be
as given in Table 1
In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m
MEANS OF ACCESS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46
In the case of special housing schemes for low income group
and economically weaker section of society developed up to two
storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway
width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The
pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each
side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more
than 50 m
No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails
Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline
MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48
Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively
NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted
2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49
Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster
DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed
Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families
Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51
Life style
Affordability
Social Classification
Life style
SALARY CLASS
BUSINESS CLASS
BOTH WORKING
JOINT FAMILY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52
Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi
Zone ndashF
a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)
LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53
The component method of design provides a broad frame work for
achieving the described life style objectives
HOUSING COMPONENT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 28
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 29
NCR revealed a number of interesting facts during the household survey carriedout in order to ascertain the affordability of the various income groups at citylevel Table 6 depicts in detail the maximum affordable EMI of households invarious income levels This EMI has been estimated from the annual income ofhousehold and its spending and saving behaviour The maximum EMI has beentranslated into affordable house property value based on an assumed interestrate loan tenure and loan to value ratio The table also shows the capital valuesthat the households will have to pay keeping in view the preferred house size andthe affordable house property value An interesting point that was inferred fromthe survey results was that the income groups of Rs3-5 Lakh and Rs5-6 Lakhpreferred similar sized units for their housing needs Both the income categoriesexpressed the area of their residential units in the range of 700-800 sqftHowever while this allows the lower income group to purchase a property withan average price of Rs2300sqft the same enabled the higher income group ofRs5-6 lakh to opt for properties in the range of Rs2900-3650sqft MeanwhileNCR spanning a larger area with vast land parcels available for residentialdevelopment provides varied location options for the residents of the city tofulfill their housing needs The category of households with income of Rs6 lakhand above can afford residential units in select pockets of the newly developedzones in Gurgaon Noida as well as along NH-2 and NH-24 Though these locationssuit the budget preference of households they are located about 30 kms from theCBD area of Delhi ie Connaught Place For example residential locations inGurgaon and Noida are atleast 30 kms from the CBD Residential locations on NH24 Ghaziabad and NH 2 Faridabad are about 35 kms and 27 kms respectivelyfrom the CBD Meanwhile if households especially those in the income categoryof Rs3-5 Lakh are willing to compromise on unit
IDENTIFYING AFFORDABILITY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35
H
H
H
H
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38
Objectives
bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments
bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government
and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and
ownership considerations
Diversity of affordable
housing
The affordable housingdevelopment provides
bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor
bull apartments
Car parking
Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site
Location of affordable
housing
Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices
PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39
Objectives
Integrating affordable housing
Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site
Suggested responses
INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury
40
Objectives
bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes
PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space
Addressing public space
A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)
Privacy within the development
Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces
Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous
SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41
41
External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users
Carparking and streetpresentation
The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures
Planting
Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development
Territoriality
bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated
bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42
Objectives
bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing
bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing
All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like
External entry areas
Internal entry areas
Livingdining areas
Kitchens
Bathrooms
Hallways
Bedrooms
Storage Area
Clothes Drying
Stairs and lifts( as per
NBC)
Open space
Security Adaptable housing
DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43
Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space
SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY
For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street
FRONT OPEN SPACES
OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44
44
Residential and Commercial Zones
In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of
more in residential and commercial zones the community open
spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as
far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the
use of the community in clusters or pockets
The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the
needs of area of layout population for which the layout is
planned and the category of dwelling units The following
minimum provision shall be made
a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or
b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open
spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons
No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm
the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of
recreational open space
Community open spaces and amenities
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45
Width of Means of Access
The residential plots shall abut
on a public means of access
like street-oad Plots which do
not abut on a streethoad shall
abuthont on a means of access
the width and other
requirements of which shall be
as given in Table 1
In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m
MEANS OF ACCESS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46
In the case of special housing schemes for low income group
and economically weaker section of society developed up to two
storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway
width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The
pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each
side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more
than 50 m
No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails
Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline
MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48
Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively
NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted
2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49
Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster
DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed
Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families
Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51
Life style
Affordability
Social Classification
Life style
SALARY CLASS
BUSINESS CLASS
BOTH WORKING
JOINT FAMILY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52
Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi
Zone ndashF
a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)
LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53
The component method of design provides a broad frame work for
achieving the described life style objectives
HOUSING COMPONENT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 29
NCR revealed a number of interesting facts during the household survey carriedout in order to ascertain the affordability of the various income groups at citylevel Table 6 depicts in detail the maximum affordable EMI of households invarious income levels This EMI has been estimated from the annual income ofhousehold and its spending and saving behaviour The maximum EMI has beentranslated into affordable house property value based on an assumed interestrate loan tenure and loan to value ratio The table also shows the capital valuesthat the households will have to pay keeping in view the preferred house size andthe affordable house property value An interesting point that was inferred fromthe survey results was that the income groups of Rs3-5 Lakh and Rs5-6 Lakhpreferred similar sized units for their housing needs Both the income categoriesexpressed the area of their residential units in the range of 700-800 sqftHowever while this allows the lower income group to purchase a property withan average price of Rs2300sqft the same enabled the higher income group ofRs5-6 lakh to opt for properties in the range of Rs2900-3650sqft MeanwhileNCR spanning a larger area with vast land parcels available for residentialdevelopment provides varied location options for the residents of the city tofulfill their housing needs The category of households with income of Rs6 lakhand above can afford residential units in select pockets of the newly developedzones in Gurgaon Noida as well as along NH-2 and NH-24 Though these locationssuit the budget preference of households they are located about 30 kms from theCBD area of Delhi ie Connaught Place For example residential locations inGurgaon and Noida are atleast 30 kms from the CBD Residential locations on NH24 Ghaziabad and NH 2 Faridabad are about 35 kms and 27 kms respectivelyfrom the CBD Meanwhile if households especially those in the income categoryof Rs3-5 Lakh are willing to compromise on unit
IDENTIFYING AFFORDABILITY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35
H
H
H
H
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38
Objectives
bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments
bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government
and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and
ownership considerations
Diversity of affordable
housing
The affordable housingdevelopment provides
bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor
bull apartments
Car parking
Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site
Location of affordable
housing
Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices
PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39
Objectives
Integrating affordable housing
Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site
Suggested responses
INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury
40
Objectives
bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes
PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space
Addressing public space
A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)
Privacy within the development
Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces
Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous
SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41
41
External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users
Carparking and streetpresentation
The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures
Planting
Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development
Territoriality
bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated
bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42
Objectives
bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing
bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing
All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like
External entry areas
Internal entry areas
Livingdining areas
Kitchens
Bathrooms
Hallways
Bedrooms
Storage Area
Clothes Drying
Stairs and lifts( as per
NBC)
Open space
Security Adaptable housing
DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43
Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space
SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY
For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street
FRONT OPEN SPACES
OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44
44
Residential and Commercial Zones
In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of
more in residential and commercial zones the community open
spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as
far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the
use of the community in clusters or pockets
The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the
needs of area of layout population for which the layout is
planned and the category of dwelling units The following
minimum provision shall be made
a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or
b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open
spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons
No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm
the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of
recreational open space
Community open spaces and amenities
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45
Width of Means of Access
The residential plots shall abut
on a public means of access
like street-oad Plots which do
not abut on a streethoad shall
abuthont on a means of access
the width and other
requirements of which shall be
as given in Table 1
In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m
MEANS OF ACCESS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46
In the case of special housing schemes for low income group
and economically weaker section of society developed up to two
storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway
width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The
pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each
side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more
than 50 m
No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails
Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline
MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48
Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively
NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted
2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49
Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster
DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed
Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families
Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51
Life style
Affordability
Social Classification
Life style
SALARY CLASS
BUSINESS CLASS
BOTH WORKING
JOINT FAMILY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52
Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi
Zone ndashF
a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)
LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53
The component method of design provides a broad frame work for
achieving the described life style objectives
HOUSING COMPONENT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 30
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35
H
H
H
H
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38
Objectives
bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments
bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government
and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and
ownership considerations
Diversity of affordable
housing
The affordable housingdevelopment provides
bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor
bull apartments
Car parking
Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site
Location of affordable
housing
Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices
PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39
Objectives
Integrating affordable housing
Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site
Suggested responses
INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury
40
Objectives
bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes
PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space
Addressing public space
A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)
Privacy within the development
Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces
Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous
SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41
41
External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users
Carparking and streetpresentation
The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures
Planting
Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development
Territoriality
bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated
bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42
Objectives
bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing
bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing
All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like
External entry areas
Internal entry areas
Livingdining areas
Kitchens
Bathrooms
Hallways
Bedrooms
Storage Area
Clothes Drying
Stairs and lifts( as per
NBC)
Open space
Security Adaptable housing
DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43
Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space
SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY
For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street
FRONT OPEN SPACES
OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44
44
Residential and Commercial Zones
In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of
more in residential and commercial zones the community open
spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as
far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the
use of the community in clusters or pockets
The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the
needs of area of layout population for which the layout is
planned and the category of dwelling units The following
minimum provision shall be made
a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or
b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open
spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons
No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm
the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of
recreational open space
Community open spaces and amenities
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45
Width of Means of Access
The residential plots shall abut
on a public means of access
like street-oad Plots which do
not abut on a streethoad shall
abuthont on a means of access
the width and other
requirements of which shall be
as given in Table 1
In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m
MEANS OF ACCESS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46
In the case of special housing schemes for low income group
and economically weaker section of society developed up to two
storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway
width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The
pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each
side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more
than 50 m
No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails
Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline
MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48
Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively
NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted
2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49
Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster
DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed
Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families
Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51
Life style
Affordability
Social Classification
Life style
SALARY CLASS
BUSINESS CLASS
BOTH WORKING
JOINT FAMILY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52
Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi
Zone ndashF
a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)
LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53
The component method of design provides a broad frame work for
achieving the described life style objectives
HOUSING COMPONENT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 31
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35
H
H
H
H
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38
Objectives
bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments
bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government
and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and
ownership considerations
Diversity of affordable
housing
The affordable housingdevelopment provides
bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor
bull apartments
Car parking
Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site
Location of affordable
housing
Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices
PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39
Objectives
Integrating affordable housing
Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site
Suggested responses
INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury
40
Objectives
bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes
PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space
Addressing public space
A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)
Privacy within the development
Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces
Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous
SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41
41
External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users
Carparking and streetpresentation
The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures
Planting
Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development
Territoriality
bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated
bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42
Objectives
bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing
bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing
All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like
External entry areas
Internal entry areas
Livingdining areas
Kitchens
Bathrooms
Hallways
Bedrooms
Storage Area
Clothes Drying
Stairs and lifts( as per
NBC)
Open space
Security Adaptable housing
DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43
Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space
SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY
For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street
FRONT OPEN SPACES
OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44
44
Residential and Commercial Zones
In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of
more in residential and commercial zones the community open
spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as
far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the
use of the community in clusters or pockets
The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the
needs of area of layout population for which the layout is
planned and the category of dwelling units The following
minimum provision shall be made
a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or
b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open
spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons
No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm
the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of
recreational open space
Community open spaces and amenities
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45
Width of Means of Access
The residential plots shall abut
on a public means of access
like street-oad Plots which do
not abut on a streethoad shall
abuthont on a means of access
the width and other
requirements of which shall be
as given in Table 1
In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m
MEANS OF ACCESS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46
In the case of special housing schemes for low income group
and economically weaker section of society developed up to two
storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway
width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The
pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each
side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more
than 50 m
No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails
Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline
MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48
Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively
NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted
2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49
Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster
DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed
Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families
Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51
Life style
Affordability
Social Classification
Life style
SALARY CLASS
BUSINESS CLASS
BOTH WORKING
JOINT FAMILY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52
Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi
Zone ndashF
a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)
LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53
The component method of design provides a broad frame work for
achieving the described life style objectives
HOUSING COMPONENT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 32
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35
H
H
H
H
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38
Objectives
bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments
bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government
and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and
ownership considerations
Diversity of affordable
housing
The affordable housingdevelopment provides
bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor
bull apartments
Car parking
Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site
Location of affordable
housing
Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices
PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39
Objectives
Integrating affordable housing
Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site
Suggested responses
INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury
40
Objectives
bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes
PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space
Addressing public space
A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)
Privacy within the development
Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces
Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous
SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41
41
External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users
Carparking and streetpresentation
The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures
Planting
Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development
Territoriality
bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated
bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42
Objectives
bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing
bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing
All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like
External entry areas
Internal entry areas
Livingdining areas
Kitchens
Bathrooms
Hallways
Bedrooms
Storage Area
Clothes Drying
Stairs and lifts( as per
NBC)
Open space
Security Adaptable housing
DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43
Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space
SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY
For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street
FRONT OPEN SPACES
OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44
44
Residential and Commercial Zones
In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of
more in residential and commercial zones the community open
spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as
far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the
use of the community in clusters or pockets
The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the
needs of area of layout population for which the layout is
planned and the category of dwelling units The following
minimum provision shall be made
a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or
b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open
spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons
No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm
the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of
recreational open space
Community open spaces and amenities
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45
Width of Means of Access
The residential plots shall abut
on a public means of access
like street-oad Plots which do
not abut on a streethoad shall
abuthont on a means of access
the width and other
requirements of which shall be
as given in Table 1
In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m
MEANS OF ACCESS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46
In the case of special housing schemes for low income group
and economically weaker section of society developed up to two
storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway
width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The
pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each
side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more
than 50 m
No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails
Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline
MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48
Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively
NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted
2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49
Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster
DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed
Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families
Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51
Life style
Affordability
Social Classification
Life style
SALARY CLASS
BUSINESS CLASS
BOTH WORKING
JOINT FAMILY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52
Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi
Zone ndashF
a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)
LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53
The component method of design provides a broad frame work for
achieving the described life style objectives
HOUSING COMPONENT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 33
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35
H
H
H
H
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38
Objectives
bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments
bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government
and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and
ownership considerations
Diversity of affordable
housing
The affordable housingdevelopment provides
bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor
bull apartments
Car parking
Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site
Location of affordable
housing
Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices
PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39
Objectives
Integrating affordable housing
Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site
Suggested responses
INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury
40
Objectives
bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes
PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space
Addressing public space
A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)
Privacy within the development
Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces
Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous
SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41
41
External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users
Carparking and streetpresentation
The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures
Planting
Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development
Territoriality
bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated
bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42
Objectives
bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing
bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing
All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like
External entry areas
Internal entry areas
Livingdining areas
Kitchens
Bathrooms
Hallways
Bedrooms
Storage Area
Clothes Drying
Stairs and lifts( as per
NBC)
Open space
Security Adaptable housing
DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43
Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space
SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY
For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street
FRONT OPEN SPACES
OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44
44
Residential and Commercial Zones
In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of
more in residential and commercial zones the community open
spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as
far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the
use of the community in clusters or pockets
The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the
needs of area of layout population for which the layout is
planned and the category of dwelling units The following
minimum provision shall be made
a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or
b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open
spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons
No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm
the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of
recreational open space
Community open spaces and amenities
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45
Width of Means of Access
The residential plots shall abut
on a public means of access
like street-oad Plots which do
not abut on a streethoad shall
abuthont on a means of access
the width and other
requirements of which shall be
as given in Table 1
In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m
MEANS OF ACCESS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46
In the case of special housing schemes for low income group
and economically weaker section of society developed up to two
storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway
width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The
pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each
side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more
than 50 m
No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails
Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline
MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48
Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively
NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted
2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49
Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster
DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed
Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families
Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51
Life style
Affordability
Social Classification
Life style
SALARY CLASS
BUSINESS CLASS
BOTH WORKING
JOINT FAMILY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52
Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi
Zone ndashF
a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)
LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53
The component method of design provides a broad frame work for
achieving the described life style objectives
HOUSING COMPONENT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 34
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35
H
H
H
H
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38
Objectives
bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments
bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government
and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and
ownership considerations
Diversity of affordable
housing
The affordable housingdevelopment provides
bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor
bull apartments
Car parking
Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site
Location of affordable
housing
Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices
PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39
Objectives
Integrating affordable housing
Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site
Suggested responses
INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury
40
Objectives
bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes
PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space
Addressing public space
A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)
Privacy within the development
Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces
Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous
SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41
41
External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users
Carparking and streetpresentation
The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures
Planting
Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development
Territoriality
bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated
bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42
Objectives
bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing
bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing
All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like
External entry areas
Internal entry areas
Livingdining areas
Kitchens
Bathrooms
Hallways
Bedrooms
Storage Area
Clothes Drying
Stairs and lifts( as per
NBC)
Open space
Security Adaptable housing
DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43
Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space
SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY
For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street
FRONT OPEN SPACES
OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44
44
Residential and Commercial Zones
In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of
more in residential and commercial zones the community open
spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as
far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the
use of the community in clusters or pockets
The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the
needs of area of layout population for which the layout is
planned and the category of dwelling units The following
minimum provision shall be made
a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or
b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open
spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons
No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm
the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of
recreational open space
Community open spaces and amenities
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45
Width of Means of Access
The residential plots shall abut
on a public means of access
like street-oad Plots which do
not abut on a streethoad shall
abuthont on a means of access
the width and other
requirements of which shall be
as given in Table 1
In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m
MEANS OF ACCESS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46
In the case of special housing schemes for low income group
and economically weaker section of society developed up to two
storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway
width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The
pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each
side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more
than 50 m
No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails
Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline
MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48
Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively
NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted
2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49
Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster
DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed
Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families
Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51
Life style
Affordability
Social Classification
Life style
SALARY CLASS
BUSINESS CLASS
BOTH WORKING
JOINT FAMILY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52
Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi
Zone ndashF
a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)
LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53
The component method of design provides a broad frame work for
achieving the described life style objectives
HOUSING COMPONENT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 35
H
H
H
H
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38
Objectives
bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments
bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government
and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and
ownership considerations
Diversity of affordable
housing
The affordable housingdevelopment provides
bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor
bull apartments
Car parking
Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site
Location of affordable
housing
Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices
PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39
Objectives
Integrating affordable housing
Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site
Suggested responses
INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury
40
Objectives
bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes
PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space
Addressing public space
A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)
Privacy within the development
Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces
Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous
SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41
41
External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users
Carparking and streetpresentation
The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures
Planting
Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development
Territoriality
bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated
bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42
Objectives
bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing
bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing
All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like
External entry areas
Internal entry areas
Livingdining areas
Kitchens
Bathrooms
Hallways
Bedrooms
Storage Area
Clothes Drying
Stairs and lifts( as per
NBC)
Open space
Security Adaptable housing
DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43
Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space
SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY
For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street
FRONT OPEN SPACES
OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44
44
Residential and Commercial Zones
In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of
more in residential and commercial zones the community open
spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as
far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the
use of the community in clusters or pockets
The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the
needs of area of layout population for which the layout is
planned and the category of dwelling units The following
minimum provision shall be made
a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or
b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open
spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons
No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm
the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of
recreational open space
Community open spaces and amenities
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45
Width of Means of Access
The residential plots shall abut
on a public means of access
like street-oad Plots which do
not abut on a streethoad shall
abuthont on a means of access
the width and other
requirements of which shall be
as given in Table 1
In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m
MEANS OF ACCESS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46
In the case of special housing schemes for low income group
and economically weaker section of society developed up to two
storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway
width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The
pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each
side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more
than 50 m
No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails
Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline
MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48
Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively
NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted
2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49
Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster
DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed
Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families
Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51
Life style
Affordability
Social Classification
Life style
SALARY CLASS
BUSINESS CLASS
BOTH WORKING
JOINT FAMILY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52
Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi
Zone ndashF
a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)
LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53
The component method of design provides a broad frame work for
achieving the described life style objectives
HOUSING COMPONENT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 36
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38
Objectives
bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments
bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government
and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and
ownership considerations
Diversity of affordable
housing
The affordable housingdevelopment provides
bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor
bull apartments
Car parking
Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site
Location of affordable
housing
Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices
PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39
Objectives
Integrating affordable housing
Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site
Suggested responses
INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury
40
Objectives
bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes
PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space
Addressing public space
A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)
Privacy within the development
Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces
Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous
SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41
41
External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users
Carparking and streetpresentation
The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures
Planting
Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development
Territoriality
bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated
bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42
Objectives
bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing
bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing
All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like
External entry areas
Internal entry areas
Livingdining areas
Kitchens
Bathrooms
Hallways
Bedrooms
Storage Area
Clothes Drying
Stairs and lifts( as per
NBC)
Open space
Security Adaptable housing
DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43
Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space
SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY
For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street
FRONT OPEN SPACES
OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44
44
Residential and Commercial Zones
In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of
more in residential and commercial zones the community open
spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as
far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the
use of the community in clusters or pockets
The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the
needs of area of layout population for which the layout is
planned and the category of dwelling units The following
minimum provision shall be made
a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or
b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open
spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons
No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm
the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of
recreational open space
Community open spaces and amenities
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45
Width of Means of Access
The residential plots shall abut
on a public means of access
like street-oad Plots which do
not abut on a streethoad shall
abuthont on a means of access
the width and other
requirements of which shall be
as given in Table 1
In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m
MEANS OF ACCESS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46
In the case of special housing schemes for low income group
and economically weaker section of society developed up to two
storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway
width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The
pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each
side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more
than 50 m
No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails
Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline
MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48
Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively
NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted
2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49
Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster
DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed
Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families
Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51
Life style
Affordability
Social Classification
Life style
SALARY CLASS
BUSINESS CLASS
BOTH WORKING
JOINT FAMILY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52
Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi
Zone ndashF
a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)
LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53
The component method of design provides a broad frame work for
achieving the described life style objectives
HOUSING COMPONENT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 37
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38
Objectives
bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments
bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government
and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and
ownership considerations
Diversity of affordable
housing
The affordable housingdevelopment provides
bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor
bull apartments
Car parking
Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site
Location of affordable
housing
Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices
PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39
Objectives
Integrating affordable housing
Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site
Suggested responses
INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury
40
Objectives
bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes
PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space
Addressing public space
A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)
Privacy within the development
Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces
Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous
SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41
41
External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users
Carparking and streetpresentation
The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures
Planting
Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development
Territoriality
bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated
bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42
Objectives
bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing
bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing
All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like
External entry areas
Internal entry areas
Livingdining areas
Kitchens
Bathrooms
Hallways
Bedrooms
Storage Area
Clothes Drying
Stairs and lifts( as per
NBC)
Open space
Security Adaptable housing
DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43
Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space
SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY
For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street
FRONT OPEN SPACES
OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44
44
Residential and Commercial Zones
In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of
more in residential and commercial zones the community open
spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as
far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the
use of the community in clusters or pockets
The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the
needs of area of layout population for which the layout is
planned and the category of dwelling units The following
minimum provision shall be made
a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or
b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open
spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons
No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm
the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of
recreational open space
Community open spaces and amenities
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45
Width of Means of Access
The residential plots shall abut
on a public means of access
like street-oad Plots which do
not abut on a streethoad shall
abuthont on a means of access
the width and other
requirements of which shall be
as given in Table 1
In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m
MEANS OF ACCESS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46
In the case of special housing schemes for low income group
and economically weaker section of society developed up to two
storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway
width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The
pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each
side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more
than 50 m
No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails
Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline
MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48
Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively
NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted
2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49
Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster
DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed
Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families
Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51
Life style
Affordability
Social Classification
Life style
SALARY CLASS
BUSINESS CLASS
BOTH WORKING
JOINT FAMILY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52
Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi
Zone ndashF
a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)
LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53
The component method of design provides a broad frame work for
achieving the described life style objectives
HOUSING COMPONENT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 38
Objectives
bull To facilitate the incorporation of affordable housing in residential and mixed-use developments
bull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing in locations with easy accessto shops transport and government
and community servicesbull To ensure appropriate car parking provision for household requirementsbull To facilitate the provision of affordable housing through management and
ownership considerations
Diversity of affordable
housing
The affordable housingdevelopment provides
bull one two andor three-bedroom dwelling typesandor
bull apartments
Car parking
Car parking provision isappropriate for site location andhousehold requirements and isprovided on the site
Location of affordable
housing
Affordable housing is locatedclose to or has easy access toshops employment transportand government and communityservices
PROVISION AND LOCATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39
Objectives
Integrating affordable housing
Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site
Suggested responses
INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury
40
Objectives
bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes
PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space
Addressing public space
A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)
Privacy within the development
Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces
Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous
SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41
41
External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users
Carparking and streetpresentation
The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures
Planting
Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development
Territoriality
bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated
bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42
Objectives
bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing
bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing
All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like
External entry areas
Internal entry areas
Livingdining areas
Kitchens
Bathrooms
Hallways
Bedrooms
Storage Area
Clothes Drying
Stairs and lifts( as per
NBC)
Open space
Security Adaptable housing
DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43
Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space
SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY
For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street
FRONT OPEN SPACES
OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44
44
Residential and Commercial Zones
In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of
more in residential and commercial zones the community open
spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as
far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the
use of the community in clusters or pockets
The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the
needs of area of layout population for which the layout is
planned and the category of dwelling units The following
minimum provision shall be made
a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or
b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open
spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons
No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm
the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of
recreational open space
Community open spaces and amenities
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45
Width of Means of Access
The residential plots shall abut
on a public means of access
like street-oad Plots which do
not abut on a streethoad shall
abuthont on a means of access
the width and other
requirements of which shall be
as given in Table 1
In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m
MEANS OF ACCESS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46
In the case of special housing schemes for low income group
and economically weaker section of society developed up to two
storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway
width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The
pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each
side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more
than 50 m
No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails
Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline
MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48
Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively
NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted
2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49
Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster
DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed
Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families
Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51
Life style
Affordability
Social Classification
Life style
SALARY CLASS
BUSINESS CLASS
BOTH WORKING
JOINT FAMILY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52
Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi
Zone ndashF
a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)
LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53
The component method of design provides a broad frame work for
achieving the described life style objectives
HOUSING COMPONENT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 39
Objectives
Integrating affordable housing
Affordable housing is integrated into new residential and mixed-usedevelopments where it is not a stand-alone development on its own site
Suggested responses
INTEGRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury
40
Objectives
bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes
PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space
Addressing public space
A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)
Privacy within the development
Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces
Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous
SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41
41
External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users
Carparking and streetpresentation
The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures
Planting
Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development
Territoriality
bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated
bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42
Objectives
bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing
bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing
All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like
External entry areas
Internal entry areas
Livingdining areas
Kitchens
Bathrooms
Hallways
Bedrooms
Storage Area
Clothes Drying
Stairs and lifts( as per
NBC)
Open space
Security Adaptable housing
DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43
Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space
SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY
For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street
FRONT OPEN SPACES
OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44
44
Residential and Commercial Zones
In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of
more in residential and commercial zones the community open
spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as
far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the
use of the community in clusters or pockets
The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the
needs of area of layout population for which the layout is
planned and the category of dwelling units The following
minimum provision shall be made
a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or
b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open
spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons
No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm
the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of
recreational open space
Community open spaces and amenities
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45
Width of Means of Access
The residential plots shall abut
on a public means of access
like street-oad Plots which do
not abut on a streethoad shall
abuthont on a means of access
the width and other
requirements of which shall be
as given in Table 1
In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m
MEANS OF ACCESS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46
In the case of special housing schemes for low income group
and economically weaker section of society developed up to two
storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway
width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The
pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each
side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more
than 50 m
No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails
Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline
MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48
Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively
NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted
2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49
Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster
DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed
Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families
Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51
Life style
Affordability
Social Classification
Life style
SALARY CLASS
BUSINESS CLASS
BOTH WORKING
JOINT FAMILY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52
Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi
Zone ndashF
a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)
LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53
The component method of design provides a broad frame work for
achieving the described life style objectives
HOUSING COMPONENT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 40Transforming Shelters-A journey of affordable Luxury
40
Objectives
bull To ensure site planning and related design responses facilitate good housingoutcomes
PrivacyDwellings are designed toacknowledge the differentrequirements for privacy andcontrol in the transition1) from public spaces2) through the privately controlledbut publicly visibleor semi-private shared space tothe dwelling entry and3) onto its private open space
Addressing public space
A dwelling adjacent to a streetor park addresses themfunctionally and visually (Onlarge sites communal openspaces are the equivalent of apublic park)
Privacy within the development
Development does notsignificantly reduce privacy anddaylight to private open spaces
Legibility of accessAccess to and sense of entry to adwelling fronting a street or aninternal path network is clearand unambiguous
SITE PLANNING OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41
41
External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users
Carparking and streetpresentation
The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures
Planting
Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development
Territoriality
bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated
bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42
Objectives
bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing
bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing
All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like
External entry areas
Internal entry areas
Livingdining areas
Kitchens
Bathrooms
Hallways
Bedrooms
Storage Area
Clothes Drying
Stairs and lifts( as per
NBC)
Open space
Security Adaptable housing
DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43
Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space
SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY
For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street
FRONT OPEN SPACES
OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44
44
Residential and Commercial Zones
In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of
more in residential and commercial zones the community open
spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as
far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the
use of the community in clusters or pockets
The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the
needs of area of layout population for which the layout is
planned and the category of dwelling units The following
minimum provision shall be made
a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or
b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open
spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons
No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm
the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of
recreational open space
Community open spaces and amenities
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45
Width of Means of Access
The residential plots shall abut
on a public means of access
like street-oad Plots which do
not abut on a streethoad shall
abuthont on a means of access
the width and other
requirements of which shall be
as given in Table 1
In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m
MEANS OF ACCESS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46
In the case of special housing schemes for low income group
and economically weaker section of society developed up to two
storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway
width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The
pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each
side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more
than 50 m
No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails
Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline
MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48
Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively
NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted
2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49
Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster
DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed
Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families
Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51
Life style
Affordability
Social Classification
Life style
SALARY CLASS
BUSINESS CLASS
BOTH WORKING
JOINT FAMILY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52
Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi
Zone ndashF
a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)
LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53
The component method of design provides a broad frame work for
achieving the described life style objectives
HOUSING COMPONENT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 41
41
External circulationExternal pathways serving anindividual dwelling or multiples ofdwellings within a developmentare designed to suit the needs andvolume of intended occupantsand users
Carparking and streetpresentation
The street frontage of thedevelopment is not dominatedby car parking areas orstructures rubbish binenclosures and utility structures
Planting
Landscaping forms an integralcomponent of the designof the development
Territoriality
bull To aid the control of externalspaces by immediatelyadjacent households theterritorial boundaries of thesespaces are clearly delineated
bull Access by the general publicthrough the site is preventedand if this is unachievable thepath should be treated like apublic realm area
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42
Objectives
bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing
bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing
All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like
External entry areas
Internal entry areas
Livingdining areas
Kitchens
Bathrooms
Hallways
Bedrooms
Storage Area
Clothes Drying
Stairs and lifts( as per
NBC)
Open space
Security Adaptable housing
DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43
Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space
SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY
For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street
FRONT OPEN SPACES
OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44
44
Residential and Commercial Zones
In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of
more in residential and commercial zones the community open
spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as
far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the
use of the community in clusters or pockets
The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the
needs of area of layout population for which the layout is
planned and the category of dwelling units The following
minimum provision shall be made
a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or
b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open
spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons
No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm
the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of
recreational open space
Community open spaces and amenities
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45
Width of Means of Access
The residential plots shall abut
on a public means of access
like street-oad Plots which do
not abut on a streethoad shall
abuthont on a means of access
the width and other
requirements of which shall be
as given in Table 1
In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m
MEANS OF ACCESS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46
In the case of special housing schemes for low income group
and economically weaker section of society developed up to two
storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway
width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The
pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each
side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more
than 50 m
No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails
Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline
MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48
Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively
NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted
2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49
Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster
DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed
Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families
Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51
Life style
Affordability
Social Classification
Life style
SALARY CLASS
BUSINESS CLASS
BOTH WORKING
JOINT FAMILY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52
Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi
Zone ndashF
a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)
LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53
The component method of design provides a broad frame work for
achieving the described life style objectives
HOUSING COMPONENT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 42
Objectives
bull To facilitate the provision of comfortable pleasant safe efficient and cost-effective accommodation for the intended occupants of affordable housing
bull To facilitate the incorporation of adaptable housing design principles inaffordable housing
All dwelling types are providedwith an appropriately located andfunctional arearsquos like
External entry areas
Internal entry areas
Livingdining areas
Kitchens
Bathrooms
Hallways
Bedrooms
Storage Area
Clothes Drying
Stairs and lifts( as per
NBC)
Open space
Security Adaptable housing
DESIGN OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43
Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space
SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY
For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street
FRONT OPEN SPACES
OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44
44
Residential and Commercial Zones
In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of
more in residential and commercial zones the community open
spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as
far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the
use of the community in clusters or pockets
The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the
needs of area of layout population for which the layout is
planned and the category of dwelling units The following
minimum provision shall be made
a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or
b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open
spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons
No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm
the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of
recreational open space
Community open spaces and amenities
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45
Width of Means of Access
The residential plots shall abut
on a public means of access
like street-oad Plots which do
not abut on a streethoad shall
abuthont on a means of access
the width and other
requirements of which shall be
as given in Table 1
In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m
MEANS OF ACCESS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46
In the case of special housing schemes for low income group
and economically weaker section of society developed up to two
storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway
width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The
pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each
side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more
than 50 m
No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails
Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline
MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48
Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively
NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted
2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49
Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster
DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed
Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families
Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51
Life style
Affordability
Social Classification
Life style
SALARY CLASS
BUSINESS CLASS
BOTH WORKING
JOINT FAMILY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52
Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi
Zone ndashF
a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)
LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53
The component method of design provides a broad frame work for
achieving the described life style objectives
HOUSING COMPONENT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 43
Every room intended for human habitation shall abut on aninterior or exterior open space or an open VERANDAH open tosuch interior or exterior open space
SKETCH FOR EXAMPLECONTRARY IMAGE FOUND IN SURVEY
For streets less than 75 m in width the distance of the building (building line) shall beat least 5 m from the centre line of the street
FRONT OPEN SPACES
OPEN SPACES WITHIN A PLOT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44
44
Residential and Commercial Zones
In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of
more in residential and commercial zones the community open
spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as
far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the
use of the community in clusters or pockets
The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the
needs of area of layout population for which the layout is
planned and the category of dwelling units The following
minimum provision shall be made
a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or
b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open
spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons
No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm
the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of
recreational open space
Community open spaces and amenities
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45
Width of Means of Access
The residential plots shall abut
on a public means of access
like street-oad Plots which do
not abut on a streethoad shall
abuthont on a means of access
the width and other
requirements of which shall be
as given in Table 1
In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m
MEANS OF ACCESS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46
In the case of special housing schemes for low income group
and economically weaker section of society developed up to two
storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway
width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The
pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each
side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more
than 50 m
No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails
Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline
MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48
Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively
NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted
2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49
Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster
DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed
Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families
Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51
Life style
Affordability
Social Classification
Life style
SALARY CLASS
BUSINESS CLASS
BOTH WORKING
JOINT FAMILY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52
Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi
Zone ndashF
a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)
LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53
The component method of design provides a broad frame work for
achieving the described life style objectives
HOUSING COMPONENT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 44
44
Residential and Commercial Zones
In any layout or sub-division of land measuring 03 hectare of
more in residential and commercial zones the community open
spaces shall be reserved for recreational purposes which shall as
far as possible be provided in one place or planned out for the
use of the community in clusters or pockets
The community open spaces shall be provided catering to the
needs of area of layout population for which the layout is
planned and the category of dwelling units The following
minimum provision shall be made
a) 15 percent of the area of the layout or
b) 03 to 04rsquo ha1 000 persons for low income housing the open
spaces shall be 03 ha1 000 persons
No recreational space shall generally be less than 450 sqm
the building line shall beat least 3 m away from the boundary of
recreational open space
Community open spaces and amenities
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45
Width of Means of Access
The residential plots shall abut
on a public means of access
like street-oad Plots which do
not abut on a streethoad shall
abuthont on a means of access
the width and other
requirements of which shall be
as given in Table 1
In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m
MEANS OF ACCESS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46
In the case of special housing schemes for low income group
and economically weaker section of society developed up to two
storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway
width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The
pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each
side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more
than 50 m
No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails
Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline
MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48
Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively
NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted
2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49
Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster
DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed
Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families
Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51
Life style
Affordability
Social Classification
Life style
SALARY CLASS
BUSINESS CLASS
BOTH WORKING
JOINT FAMILY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52
Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi
Zone ndashF
a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)
LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53
The component method of design provides a broad frame work for
achieving the described life style objectives
HOUSING COMPONENT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 45
Width of Means of Access
The residential plots shall abut
on a public means of access
like street-oad Plots which do
not abut on a streethoad shall
abuthont on a means of access
the width and other
requirements of which shall be
as given in Table 1
In no case development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m
MEANS OF ACCESS
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46
In the case of special housing schemes for low income group
and economically weaker section of society developed up to two
storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway
width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The
pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each
side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more
than 50 m
No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails
Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline
MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48
Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively
NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted
2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49
Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster
DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed
Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families
Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51
Life style
Affordability
Social Classification
Life style
SALARY CLASS
BUSINESS CLASS
BOTH WORKING
JOINT FAMILY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52
Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi
Zone ndashF
a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)
LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53
The component method of design provides a broad frame work for
achieving the described life style objectives
HOUSING COMPONENT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 46
In the case of special housing schemes for low income group
and economically weaker section of society developed up to two
storied row cluster housing scheme the pedestrian pathway
width shall be 3 m subject to provisions of 94l(a) The
pedestrian pathway shall not serve more than 8 plots on each
side of the pathway the length of the pathway shall be not more
than 50 m
No mention of plot sizehelliplarge plots sub-divided and the norm fails
Distance from Electric LinesNo VERANDAH balcony or the like shall be allowed to beerected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to abuilding within the distances quoted below in accordance withthe current Indian Electricity Rules as amended from time-to-time between the building and any overhead electric supplyline
MEANS OF ACCESS-Cntd
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48
Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively
NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted
2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49
Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster
DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed
Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families
Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51
Life style
Affordability
Social Classification
Life style
SALARY CLASS
BUSINESS CLASS
BOTH WORKING
JOINT FAMILY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52
Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi
Zone ndashF
a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)
LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53
The component method of design provides a broad frame work for
achieving the described life style objectives
HOUSING COMPONENT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 47
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48
Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively
NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted
2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49
Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster
DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed
Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families
Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51
Life style
Affordability
Social Classification
Life style
SALARY CLASS
BUSINESS CLASS
BOTH WORKING
JOINT FAMILY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52
Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi
Zone ndashF
a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)
LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53
The component method of design provides a broad frame work for
achieving the described life style objectives
HOUSING COMPONENT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 48
Plot SizeThe minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium town and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan cities Plot sizes below 30 sqm but not less than 15 sqm may be permitted in case of cluster planning however in such cases the ground coverage and FSI shall be 100 percent and 2 percent respectively
NOTES1 In exceptional cases in metropolitan cities with population more than 1 million the size of plots may be brought down to 25 sqm in cases of low income housing colonies located in congested areas as decided by the Authority In mega-cities it may be further reduced to 15 m2 In such cases where plot size is below 25 sqm only cluster planning or group housing may be adopted
2 A minimum of 25 percent of the plot size shall be left open without adversely affecting light and ventilation for habitable spaces and toilet It shall not be made mandatory to leave set back on any side
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49
Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster
DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed
Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families
Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51
Life style
Affordability
Social Classification
Life style
SALARY CLASS
BUSINESS CLASS
BOTH WORKING
JOINT FAMILY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52
Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi
Zone ndashF
a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)
LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53
The component method of design provides a broad frame work for
achieving the described life style objectives
HOUSING COMPONENT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 49
Vehicular AccessA right of way of at least 6 m width should be provided up to theentrance to the cluster to facilitate emergency vehicle movement up tocluster
DensityCluster planning methodologies result in higher densities with low risestructures With per dwelling unit covered area of 15 sqm densities of500 dwelling units per hectare (net) shall be permissible Densitieshigher than this should not allowed
Group ToiletCluster housing for economically weaker section families can havegroup toilets at the rate of one water closet one bath and a washingplace for three families
Size of RoomHabitable RoomEvery dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future However in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 125 m2Such one room dwelling units with 125 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers In a house of two rooms first room shall not be less than 90 m2 with minimum width of 25 m and second room shall not be less than 65 m2 with minimum width of 21 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 155 m2 In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51
Life style
Affordability
Social Classification
Life style
SALARY CLASS
BUSINESS CLASS
BOTH WORKING
JOINT FAMILY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52
Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi
Zone ndashF
a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)
LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53
The component method of design provides a broad frame work for
achieving the described life style objectives
HOUSING COMPONENT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51
Life style
Affordability
Social Classification
Life style
SALARY CLASS
BUSINESS CLASS
BOTH WORKING
JOINT FAMILY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52
Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi
Zone ndashF
a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)
LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53
The component method of design provides a broad frame work for
achieving the described life style objectives
HOUSING COMPONENT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 51
Life style
Affordability
Social Classification
Life style
SALARY CLASS
BUSINESS CLASS
BOTH WORKING
JOINT FAMILY
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52
Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi
Zone ndashF
a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)
LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53
The component method of design provides a broad frame work for
achieving the described life style objectives
HOUSING COMPONENT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 52
Following are the Mixed Land Use Streets in various Zones of Delhi
Zone ndashF
a) New Delhi South Ext Part-II (Portion fronting on Ring Road)1Kalkaji Main Road (between Block G amp H and E ampF)
LAND USE PLAN (Source MAPS OF INDIA)
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53
The component method of design provides a broad frame work for
achieving the described life style objectives
HOUSING COMPONENT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 53
The component method of design provides a broad frame work for
achieving the described life style objectives
HOUSING COMPONENT
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 54
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 55
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 56
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 57
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 58
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 59
the wheelchair turning radius is to be 1500 mm (5 ft) to 2440 mm (8 ft) with 2440 mm provided in building common areas such as lobbies and recreation areas
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 60
Desired outcomes Suggested responses
One two and three-bedroom
dwellings
One two and three-bedroom affordable
housing
dwelling types provide rooms of
sufficient dimensions to support the
safe comfortable and convenient use of
and movement around furniture
facilities and fittings needed by
householders
Studio apartments
Studio apartment rooms provide
adequate space for the function of
individual units including
bull sleeping living dining and kitchen
areas and
bull adequate bathroom laundry and
clothes dryingfacilities
Where a site incorporates dwelling typeswith the following bedroom numbersdwelling floor areas should generally conformto the following table
Studio apartments generally conform to a
minimum
gross floor area of 30m2
The room sizes generally conform to the
following table
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 61
Afordability Survey and Analysis
Category
Sample
Income group
Current status
Current Facilities Wishlist
Affordable EMI Analysis
Low
Inco
me
Gro
up
case
-1
A small 2BHK unit
of approx
35 sqyard in range of 9-12 lacs
lt5000 Single single roomTwo rooms (25 sqyrds)
4000
Rentedcommon washrooms
separate washroom
1500 PM no privacy Privacy
Mid
dle
Cla
ss
case
-1
10000-35000
Single 2BHK Family 2bhk
A Good 23BHK unit of approx
100 sqyard in range of
18-25 lacs
Rented Good location 7000
11000 PMsmall kitchenlaundry
Bigger balcony
More natural light
Bigger Bedrooms
Good storage Space
case
-2
10000-35000
Single 2BhkBigger bedrooms
RentedBigger living area
7000 PM Good height 10000
Minimum shafts
small kitchenlaundry
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 62
EXERNAL ENVIRONMENT
AREA - GOVINDPURI amp GOVINDPURI EXTENSIONCASE -1
Category - EWS
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE 35rarr40rarr25FIRST NO FIRST FLOOR
CASE -2
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 35rarr35
CASE -3
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTS PECENTAGE ()
GROUND PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 30rarr10rarr60
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATE rarr PRIVATE
5rarr10rarr60 (SAME PROFILE)
TERRCACE SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE 45rarr25
35
40
25
30
1060
30
1060
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 63
63
AREA -DAYANAND COLONY
CASE -1
Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2
Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAGE
()
GROUNDPUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
1010
30
50
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 64
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 65
GENERAL PLANNING
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 66
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 67
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 68
NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 69
SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 70
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Transforming Shelters-A journey towards Affordable Luxury 71
Approach for investigating
affordable housing
Knowledge about future
house
Knowledge about present
house
Knowledge about Family
Payment Method
Preferred Area
PreferredLocation
Affordability
TypologicalPreferences
SpacePreferences
Location winNeighborhood
AdvantagesDis
Home TypeOwnershipStatus
Location
NeighbourhoodType and No Of Spaces
Degree ofSatisfaction
Income level
No of Family Members
EducationalLevel
(husbandwife)
Work Sector
No of Cars
Domestic Labor
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
72
AREA -DAYANAND COLONYCASE -1 Category - LIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLICrarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr10rarr70
FIRST SEMI PUBLIC rarrPRIVATE 20rarr80
CASE -2Category - MIG
FLOOR OUTDOOR COMPONENTSPECENTAG
E ()
GROUND
PUBLIC rarrSEMI PUBLIC rarrSEMI PRIVATErarrPRIVATE
10rarr10rarr30rarr50
FIRST amp SECOND SEMI PUBLIC rarr PRIVATE
10rarr50 (SAME PROFILE)
1010
10
70
10
10
30
50
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
73
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
74
Conclusion
While the basic necessities of life ndash food clothing and shelter ndash are
increasingly becoming a luxury and unaffordable luxury items such as
televisions mobile phones refrigerators etc are become affordable While
we are often amazed at the progress our country has made when we see an
auto rickshaw driver with a mobile phone we fail to notice that he is still living
in a slum-like dwelling
It is understandable that economic
growth leads to rise in income but this
has led to even faster rise in property
prices leaving it unaffordable for majority
of population Affordable housing is
expected to have a positive by improving
basic quality of life Problems like traffic
congestion air quality commute times
etc can be resolved by providing proper
housing facilities to the weaker sections
of the society While the concept of
affordable housing seems to be a simple
solution to current housing woes its
execution remains complicated due to the
unclear policy framework To make
affordable housing work in India it would
require ldquowillrdquo from all the stakeholders by
slightly adjusting their interests towards a
wider social cause
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
75
Land use planning and
development
The project of the poor
Development standards
Land supply
Land value
Land affordability
Subdivision
Land market
Allocation
Demand
Intervention rationale
Neo liberalism
Site and Service
Subdivision
Land policy
Efficiency and equity
Land management
Direct intervention world
bank
Learning by doing
Site and service
subdivision
Poverty alleviation
Suitability and
acceptability
Affordability standards
subdivision
Intervention usually takes three broad categories
bull planning regulations
bull direct government investments and
bull fiscal measures of subsidies and taxation
Land management improvements
Example Land Readjustment
direct public investment
Example land banking
Example Site-and-Service
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
The Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 aims at
1 Creation of surplus housing stock either on
rental or ownership basis
2 Providing quality and cost effective shelter
options especially to the vulnerable groups
and the poor
3 Ensuring that housing along with the
supporting services is treated as a priority and
at par with infrastructure sector
4 Removing barriers related to legal financial
and administrative for facilitating access to
land finance and technology
5 Forging strong partnership between private
public and cooperative sectors to enhance the
capacity of the construction industry to
participate in every sphere of housing and
habitat
6 Using technology for modernizing the
housing sector to increase efficiency
productivity energy efficiency and quality
7 Empowering the Panchayats Raj institutions
and village cooperatives to mobilize credit for
adding to the housing stock
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Take steps to bring in legal reforms including
formulation of effective
foreclosure laws
bull Devise macro economic policies to enable flow of
resources to the
housing and infrastructure sector
bull Develop a debt market for housing and
infrastructure fully integrated
with the financial markets in the country
bull Set up a national shelter fund to meet the
requirement of low cost funds
for the housing needs of the poor
bull Promote research and development and transfer of
technology for
construction of houses
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
bull Evolve parameters for optimal use of available
resources to promote development and growth in a
sustained manner
bull Provide fiscal concessions for housing
infrastructure innovative and energy saving
construction materials and methods and also set up
a regulatory mechanism to ensure that the
concessions are correctly targeted and utilized
bull Develop and enforce appropriate ecological
standards to protect the environment and provide a
better quality of life in human settlements
bull Promote the creation of a secondary mortgage
market
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE STATE GOVERNMENT WOULD
1 Liberalize the legal and regulatory regime to give a
boost to housing and supporting infrastructure
2 Promote private sector and cooperatives in
undertaking housing construction for all segments in
urban and rural areas
3 Undertake appropriate reforms for easy access to
land
4 Facilitate training of construction workers by
converging other development programs through
building centers and other agencies
5 Promote decentralized production and availability of
building material
6 Empower the local bodies to discharge their
responsibilities in regulatory and development
functions
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Identify specific housing shortages and prepare
District Housing Action Plans for rural areas
2 Devise programs to meet housing shortages and
augment supply of land for housing particularly
for the vulnerable group
3 Plan expansion of both urban and rural
infrastructure services
4 Enforce effective regulatory measures for
planned development
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
THE PUBLIC PRIVATE FINANCE
COMPANIES WOULD
1 Redefine their role and move away from their
traditional approach to housing finance
2 Develop and expand their reach to meet the
needs of people
3 Devise schemes to lend at affordable rates to
those who are in dire need of housing finance
support
4 Mobilize resources from provident funds
insurance funds mutual funds etc For house
building activities
5 Develop innovative instruments to mobilize
domestic savings
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
HOUSING BOARDS CORPORATIONS
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES AND
OTHER PUBLIC AGENCIES WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Revise their method of working and redefine their role
for facilitating land assembly and development of
infrastructure
2 Forge partnerships with the private sector and
cooperatives for housing construction in an efficient
manner
3 Devise flexible schemes to meet the users requirement
THE CORPORATE PRIVATE AND
CO-OPERATIVE SECTORS WOULD
1 Take the lead role in land assembly construction of
houses and development of amenities
2 Forge partnership with state governments and local
authorities for construction of houses
3 Collaborate with the state governments to work out
schemes for slum reconstruction on cross subsidization
basis
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
ORGANIZATIONS WOULD
NATIONAL URBAN HOUSING amp HABITAT
POLICIES 2005
1 Direct research efforts to locally available raw
materials
2 Reduce the use of scarce natural resources and replace
them with renewable resources
3 Standardize the new technology for easy adoption by
various public and private construction agencies
4 Promote energy efficiency in building materials and
construction methods
5 Promote use of renewable energy sources for the
housing sector particularly solar bio-mass and waste
based energy
6 Promote disaster mitigation techniques for new
constructions as well as strengthening of existing
houses to prevent continuing loss of housing stock and
human lives from natural hazards like earthquakes
cyclones and floods
7 Disseminate (spread) information about new
technologies and provide training to construction
workers in the use of new technologies
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
84
Role of PPP in Affordable Housing
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
85
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
86
JnNURM at a GlanceJnNURM at a Glance
No of Houses Sanctioned 1046 million
No of Houses under Progress 0265 million
Budget for 2007-08-Rs1991 Crores
(BSUP+IHSDP)
997
achieved
Urban Reforms Earmarking of 25 of
Municipal Budget as BSUP Fund Timeline
Target of 27 cities
27 cities
achieved
Urban Reform Earmarking of 20-25 of
developed land for EWSLIG Timeline
Target of 16 cities
16 cities
achieved
The JNNURM Initiative
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
87
i Minimum 25 Sq mtrs Carpet area under BSUP and Covered area under IHSDP
ii Minimum provision of Two rooms Kitchenette Toilet amp Bath
iii Vector-free housing layout
iv Provision of Basic Physical Amenities Water SupplyDrainage sanitation RoadsStreets street Lighting Solid Waste management amp appropriate Green Spaces
v Provision of Social Infrastructure Community Centre Livelihood Centre amp Informal Sector Market and
vi Eco friendly Habitat which promotes Social Cohesiveness
Inclusive Planning amp Architecture
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
88
Recommendations
bull Increase JNNURM funds for affordable housing by 100
ndash Part of these funds to be used for direct provisioning of housing for urban poor households
ndash Part of the funds to be used as supplements for in-situ development to be routed through NGOs
ndash Need to foster an environment that will make rental housing for EWSLIG categories a worthwhile investment
ndash Need for upward revision of FARFSI which is commensurate with investment in infrastructure
ndash Bring in additional lands into urban usage on a regular basis by
ndash Simplifying processes for land acquisition and
conversion of agricultural lands for urban use
ndash Reviewing processes of master planning for
making a proper assessment of land
requirements and allocation of such lands for
different uses
ndash Treat affordable housing as a lsquopublic purposersquo
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
89
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
90
Various aspects for alternativesystems1048766 Optimisation of land use1048766 Functional design of buildings1048766 Optimum use of buildingmaterials1048766 Rationalisation of specifications1048766 New construction materials andtechniques
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
91
Alternative Systemsbull Foundationsbull Wallsbull Roofs slabsbull Door frames andpanels
Alternative Systems Wallsbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks (224x114x70mm) in16 cement mortar in English Flemish bondsbull 200 mm thick brick work with modular bricks(190x90x90mm) in 16 cement mortarbull 190 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 16 cementmortar in CBRI bondbull 115 mm thick waffle walls with FPS bricks in 14 cementmortarbull 230 mm thick brick work with FPS bricks in 1212 cementlime mortar in rat trapRowlock bondbull 200 mm thick masonry with reconstituted stone blocks in 16cement mortarbull 200 mm thick precast hollow concrete block masonry in 16cement mortarbull Fal-G sand block masonry
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Dissertation-Sem-II Jamia Milia Islamia- Delhi | TRANSFORMING SHELTERS
Guided By Ar GMitra|Study by ArPragya Sharma
92
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
SYNOPSIS-TRANSFORMING SHELTERS PAGE NO 66
References
Inferences
Books
Internet
Case Studies
Library references
bullNational Building Codes
bullGreen Households Domestic consumers
environment and sustainability
bullSustainable design practice
bullModern architecture
bullGaia House Design
bullWorks of Laurie baker Hassan Pathy
Charles chorea and Raj
Reval
bullIntach library
Net references
bullWikipediacom
bullGooglecoin
bullDDA website
bullWHO living
standards
Case studies
bullResidences in old
Delhi
bullOther
contemporary
houses in
surrounding
houses
References
Recommended